高温高压下多种气体在储层岩心中吸附等温线的测定

利用自行研制的XF1型高温高压气体吸脱附测试仪,结合一台色谱分析仪(HP6890),一套抽真空系统,分别测定了N₂、CH₄、C₂H₆、C₃H₈、nC₄及其混合气体在三个岩心中的吸脱附等温线共计42条(单组分30条,累计测试点516个;混合气12条,累计测试点203个),以及吸附平衡后混合气的自由气相组成、吸附相组成和各组分的吸附等温线各48条(累计测试点431个).测试的温度为50.5℃.实验结果表明:①储层岩心介质对烃类气体的吸附现象是客观存在的,不容忽视;②仅就测试所得的数据来看,如果忽略其它因素,可以初步估计,不考虑吸附的砂岩储层气藏的计算储量将比考虑吸附少5%以上;③岩心-气体吸附体系的吸附能力除受压力影响外,更受到储层介质、岩石成分、结构和物性性质的影响,除此之外,还受到多组分气体中重烃组分数目、摩尔含量等的影响;④多组分气体组分相对吸附量能有效地表征多组分气体中各组分气体的竞争吸附能力大小,依据这个指标可将五元多组分气体体系中各组分气体按其竞争吸附能力由强到弱排序为nC₄>C₃H₈>C₂H₆>CH₄>N₂.     

A novel method of suppressing the inrush current of transformers by using a series‐connected voltage‐source PWM converter

This paper proposes a novel method of suppressing the inrush current of transformers. A small‐rated voltage‐source PWM converter is connected in series to the transformers through a matching transformer. As the connected PWM converter serves as a resistor for the source current, no inrush phenomena occurs. The required rating of the PWM converter, which serves as the damping resistor for the inrush phenomena, is 1/400 that of the main transformers in single‐phase circuits. In three‐phase circuits, it is 1/900. The basic principle of the proposed method is discussed. Digital computer simulation is implemented to confirm the validity and excellent practicability of the proposed method using the PSCAD/EMTDC. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can perfectly suppress the inrush phenomena. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(4): 56–65, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20174     

论基于技术资本的核心创新能力

首先界定技术资本的概念，然后以“核心能力特征参量罗盘”作为指导，全面展开论述企业核心创新能力相应4方面的投资策略，最后，运用一个案例具体展示基于技术资本核心创新能力的提升经验。     

压水堆堆芯换料设计优化的研究

讨论压水堆堆芯换料设计优化问题，并研制一套实用的换料优化软件包，可用于低泄漏、外－内和改进的外－内装料方案的优化。在低泄漏方案优化时，利用哈林原理将燃料组件布置与可燃毒物配置的优化问题脱耦成两步优化问题。先用线性规划方法进行无可燃毒物时燃料组件布置的优化，然后再用可变容差法寻找可燃毒物的优化布置。应用该软件对秦山核电厂首次难芯换料方案进行了优化，提出了可供参考的一些优化布置方案。     

导汽箱产生长裂纹和大面积凹陷原因分析、处理及预防对策

对硫酸废热锅炉锅筒内自然循环的导汽箱产生长裂纹和大面积凹陷的原因作了分析，提出处理该缺陷的方法，确保了锅炉的安全运行，并提高了蒸汽的品质。     

几何非线性复合材料层合固体壳单元

通过定义广义应力,提出了一个改进的刚度矩阵,以克服固体壳元的厚度自锁问题,并能保证沿复合材料层合结构厚度方向上的连续应力分布;将应力插值函数分为低阶和高阶两部分,建议了一个新的非线性变分泛函,推导了一个用于几何非线性分析的九节点固体壳单元,该单元的计算精度和效率基本上与九节点减缩积分单元相当,与同类型其他单元相比,该单元显著提高了计算效率。     

Phase equilibria of quasi-binary systems consisting of multicomponent polymers 1 and 2. IV: Poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide) systems

To confirm the reliability of the theory of phase equibria of multicomponent polymer 1/multicomponent polymer 2 systems (i.e. quasi-binary systems) and the method of computer experiment based on this theory (Brit. Polym. J., 23 (1990)285; 23 (1990)299; Polym. Int., 29 (1992)219), could point curves (CPC), two-phase volume ratios ( R ) and critical solution points (CSP) have been determined experimentally for the quasi-binary mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide) (M¯_w = 647, M¯_w/M¯_n = 1.15; M¯_w and M¯_n, the weight-average and numberaverage molecular weights, respectively) and poly(propylene oxide) (M¯_w = 2028, M¯_w/M¯_n = 1.08; and M_w = 2987, M_w/M_n = 1.13). The hydroxyl end groups of both polymers were methoxylated in advance by the Cooper & Booth method (Polymer, 18 (1977)164). The thermodynamic interaction parameter between both polymers, χ₁₂, and the concentration dependence parameters for the above quasi-binary systems were determined by the method proposed in a previous paper (Brit. Polym. J., 23 (1990)299). CPC, R and CSP values calculated on the basis of the theory are in good agreement with the values determined experimentally.     

关于混凝土钻芯取样法有关标准的讨论

本文对国内不同行业有关混凝土钻总取样方法的标准进行了讨论，供月行在使用和修订相应标准时参考。     

乳胶漆的市场现状和发展前景

对乳胶漆的生产现状，产品结构以及研究开发情况作了简单的综述，并展望了乳胶漆的发展前景。     

A Micellar Route to Ordered Arrays of Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Size‐Selected Pure Cobalt Dots to Cobalt–Cobalt Oxide Core–Shell Systems

Starting with Co‐salt‐loaded inverse micelles, which form if the diblock copolymer polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) is dissolved in a selective solvent like toluene and CoCl₂ is added to the solution, monomicellar arrays of such micelles exhibiting a significant hexagonal order can be prepared on top of various substrates with tailored intermicellar distances and structure heights. In order to remove the polymer matrix and to finally obtain arrays of pure Co nanoparticles, the micelles are first exposed to an oxygen plasma, followed by a treatment in a hydrogen plasma. Applying in‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that: 1) The oxygen plasma completely removes the polymer, though conserving the original order of the micellar array. Furthermore, the resulting nanoparticles are entirely oxidized with a chemical shift of the Co 2p_3/2 line pointing to the formation of Co₃O₄. 2) By the subsequent hydrogen plasma treatment the nanoparticles are fully reduced to metallic Co. 3) By exposing the pure Co nanoparticles for 100 s to various oxygen partial pressures pequation/tex2gif-inf-5.gif, a stepwise oxidation is observed with a still metallic Co core surrounded by an oxide shell. The data allow the extraction of the thickness of the oxide shell as a function of the total exposure to oxygen (pequation/tex2gif-inf-7.gif × time), thus giving the opportunity to control the ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic composition of an exchange‐biased magnetic system.