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81.
For the first time, order-order and order-disorder transitions were detected and characterized in a model diblock copolymer of poly(butadiene-1,3) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PB-b-PDMS). This model PB-b-PDMS copolymer was synthesized by the sequential anionic polymerization (high vacuum techniques) of butadiene 1,3 (B) and hexamethylciclotrisiloxane (D3), and subsequently characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Small-Angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheology. SAXS combined with rheological experiments shows that the order-order and order-disorder transitions are thermoreversible. This fact indicates that the copolymer has sufficient mobility at the timescale and at the temperatures of interest to reach their equilibrium morphologies. 相似文献
82.
The present study is an investigation on the behaviors of concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubular members subjected to combined loading, such as compression and torsion, bending and torsion, compression, bending and torsion. ABAQUS software is used in this paper for the finite element analysis (FEA). A comparison of results calculated using this modeling shows generally good agreement with test results. The FEA modeling is then used to investigate the influence of important parameters that determine the ultimate strength of the composite members under combined loading, such as compression and torsion, bending and torsion, compression, bending and torsion. The parametric studies provide information for the development of formulae for calculating the ultimate strength of the composite members subjected to combined loading. 相似文献
83.
Lean philosophy: implementation in a forging company 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Ajit Kumar Sahoo N. K. Singh Ravi Shankar M. K. Tiwari 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2008,36(5-6):451-462
This research addresses the implementation of lean philosophy in a forging company with a focus on radial forging production
flow lines. Here, the prime motive is to evolve and test several strategies to eliminate waste on the shop floor. In this
research, a systematic approach is suggested for the implementation of lean principles. This paper describes an application
of value stream mapping (VSM). Consequently, the present and future states of value stream maps are constructed to improve
the production process by identifying waste and its sources. Furthermore, Taguchi’s method of design of experiments is pursued
here to minimize the forging defects produced due to imperfect operating conditions. A noticeable reduction in set-up time
and work-in-process (WIP) inventory level is substantiated. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of managerial implications
and the future scope of research. 相似文献
84.
Chris Harty 《Building Research & Information》2005,33(6):512-522
An alternative approach to understanding innovation is made using two intersecting ideas. The first is that successful innovation requires consideration of the social and organizational contexts in which it is located. The complex context of construction work is characterized by inter-organizational collaboration, a project-based approach and power distributed amongst collaborating organizations. The second is that innovations can be divided into two modes: 'bounded', where the implications of innovation are restricted within a single, coherent sphere of influence, and 'unbounded', where the effects of implementation spill over beyond this. Bounded innovations are adequately explained within the construction literature. However, less discussed are unbounded innovations, where many firms' collaboration is required for successful implementation, even though many innovations can be considered unbounded within construction's inter-organizational context. It is argued that unbounded innovations require an approach to understand and facilitate the interactions both within a range of actors and between the actors and technological artefacts. The insights from a sociology of technology approach can be applied to the multiplicity of negotiations and alignments that constitute the implementation of unbounded innovation. The utility of concepts from the sociology of technology, including 'system building' and 'heterogeneous engineering', is demonstrated by applying them to an empirical study of an unbounded innovation on a major construction project (the new terminal at Heathrow Airport, London, UK). This study suggests that 'system building' contains outcomes that are not only transformations of practices, processes and systems, but also the potential transformation of technologies themselves. 相似文献
85.
86.
MIP-CGP工艺专用催化剂CGP-1的开发与应用 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8
阐述了生产汽油组分满足欧Ⅲ排放标准并多产丙烯的催化裂化工艺(简称MIP-CGP)专用催化剂(简称CGP-1)的研究开发与工业应用结果。CGP-1催化剂的基质具有良好的容炭性能,使活性组元受到良好保护,其优势作用在第二反应区得以充分发挥,具有更高的氢转移活性和强的汽油小分子烯烃裂化活性。中国石化九江分公司和镇海炼化公司的MIP-CGP工业试验标定结果表明,与常规FCC相比,采用CGP-1催化剂的MIP-CGP技术在生产烯烃体积分数小于18%的汽油组分的同时,丙烯产率达到8%以上。此外,汽油诱导期大幅提高,抗爆指数增加;总液体收率有所提高,干气产率下降,焦炭选择性良好。 相似文献
87.
Fernanda R C Damasceno Denise M G Freire Magali C Cammarota 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(5):730-738
BACKGROUND: The application of lipase‐rich enzyme pools (such as the crude solid enzymatic preparation (SEP) obtained from Penicillium restrictum solid‐state fermentation of agro‐industrial wastes) to activated sludge systems may be an effective strategy for preventing various operational problems. The continuous addition of SEP to the treatment system can become cost‐prohibitive when in situ production and/or storage are factored in. The application of SEP to high‐fat wastewater treatment would only be justified as an emergency measure, such as a sudden increase in the fat content of the bioreactor influent. Therefore, the primary objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of a crude SEP during fat shock loads, simulated through the periodic addition of dairy industry waste containing high fat concentrations to the feed stock of an activated sludge system, operated in continuous mode. RESULTS: The test bioreactor exhibited a higher average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency than the control bioreactor (83% for control and 90% for test) and the fat accumulation in the biological flocs of the test bioreactor was 3.2 times lower than that in the control bioreactor. Turbidity was also lower in the effluent of the test bioreactor (123 and 66 FTU in control and test, respectively) and it had a shorter recovery time between shock loads, especially when the interval between loads was shorter than one month (biweekly and weekly shock loads). CONCLUSION: The addition of SEP during fat overloads in the reactor feed maintained efficient COD removal in the test bioreactor for 270 days without any operational problems. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
88.
R. A. Borzooei M. Bakhshi M. Mashinchi 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2008,12(8):739-749
In this paper, we study the lattice structure of some fuzzy algebraic systems such as (G-)fuzzy groups, some fuzzy ordered
algebras and fuzzy hyperstructures. We prove that under suitable conditions, these structures form a distributive or modular
lattice.
This research partially is supported by the “ Fuzzy Systems and its Applications Center of Excelence, Shahid Bahonar University
of Kerman, Iran”. 相似文献
89.
土壤碳固定问题已成为陆地生态系统碳循环研究的热点问题。土壤碳固定是缓解温室效应加剧的有效方法之一。土壤有机碳含量变化受土地利用方式和耕作措施的强烈影响。将自然土壤转变为耕作土壤会导致土壤碳库的迅速下降,使土壤损失有机碳4.1-5.0×1013kg之间。采用新的农业措施会使碳损失量的60-70%重新被固定。这些措施有保护性耕作(少耕或免耕)、合理施用肥料、覆盖作物、应用深根且富含木质素的作物等。土壤除了固定有机碳外,干旱和半干旱地区土壤还具有固定无机碳的巨大潜力。文章还简要介绍了评价土壤有机碳的两种方法,并对今后的工作提出了几点建议。 相似文献
90.
This research investigates the utility of passive microwave remote sensing instruments to accurately determine snow water equivalent (SWE) over large spatial extents. Three existing Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) snow water equivalent algorithms produced by Chang, Tait and Goodison were evaluated for their ability to determine snow water equivalent in a snowpack containing substantial depth hoar, large faceted snow crystals. The Kuparuk River Watershed (8140 km2) test site on the North Slope of Alaska was chosen for its snowpack containing a think depth hoar layer and long history of ground truth data. A new regional snow water equivalent algorithm was developed to determine if it could produce better results than the existing algorithms in an area known to contain significant depth hoar. The four algorithms were tested to see how well they could determine snow water equivalent: (1) on a per pixel basis, (2) across swath-averaged spatial bands of approximately 850 km2, and (3) on a watershed scale. The algorithms were evaluated to see if they captured the annual spatial distribution in snow water equivalent over the watershed. Results show that the algorithms developed by Chang and from this research are generally within 3 cm of the spatially averaged snow water equivalents over the entire watershed. The algorithms produced by Chang, Tait, and in this research were able to predict the basin-wide ground measured snow water equivalent value within a percent error range from −32.4% to 24.4% in the years with a typical snowpack. None of the algorithms produce accurate results on a pixel-by-pixel scale, with errors ranging from −26% to 308%. 相似文献