Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Versatile Tool for Cancer Therapy

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in human history with extremely poor prognosis. Although many traditional therapeutic modalities—such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy—have proved to be successful in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, their side effects may vastly limited the actual benefits and patient acceptance. In this context, a nanomedicine approach for cancer therapy using functionalized nanomaterial has been gaining ground recently. Considering the ability to carry various anticancer drugs and to act as a photothermal agent, the use of carbon-based nanomaterials for cancer therapy has advanced rapidly. Within those nanomaterials, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a graphene family 2D carbon nanomaterial, emerged as a good candidate for cancer photothermal therapy due to its excellent photothermal conversion in the near infrared range, large specific surface area for drug loading, as well as functional groups for functionalization with molecules such as photosensitizers, siRNA, ligands, etc. By unique design, multifunctional nanosystems could be designed based on rGO, which are endowed with promising temperature/pH-dependent drug/gene delivery abilities for multimodal cancer therapy. This could be further augmented by additional advantages offered by functionalized rGO, such as high biocompatibility, targeted delivery, and enhanced photothermal effects. Herewith, we first provide an overview of the most effective reducing agents for rGO synthesis via chemical reduction. This was followed by in-depth review of application of functionalized rGO in different cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, photothermal therapy and/or photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, chemotherapy/phototherapy, and photothermal/immunotherapy.     

Fabrication of High Performance PET/TLCP Fibers through the Synergistic Interfacial Enhancement and Compatibilization of Functional 1D and 2D Carbon Nanomaterials

The maleic anhydride functionalized graphene oxide (GO-MA) is fabricated by an efficient and solvent-free Diels–Alder reaction. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP), PET/TLCP/GO-MA, PET/TLCP/aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH₂), and PET/TLCP/GO-MA/MWCNTs-NH₂ composite fibers are systematically melt-spun. The structure and compatibilizing effects of GO-MA and MWCNTs-NH₂ on the mechanical, thermal, and crystallization properties of the composite fibers are indicated. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show that TLCP and nanofillers can change the crystalline morphology of PET. The mechanical properties of the fibers rise with increasing TLCP content. The tensile strength 929 MPa and modulus 17.5 GPa of the fibers with 7 wt% TLCP and 0.25 wt% nanofillers (0.1 wt% GO-MA and 0.15 wt% MWCNTs-NH₂) are significantly higher than those with 7 wt% TLCP (tensile strength 622 MPa and modulus 16.1 GPa) and even higher than those with 15% TLCP (tensile strength 836 MPa, and modulus 18.0 GPa). When the GO-MA and MWCNTs-NH₂ co-exist, the anti-dripping phenomenon is improved. Therefore, the TLCP, GO, and MWCNTs synergistically strengthens the mechanical properties. This is promising for the industrial fabrication of high-strength fibers.     

氧化石墨烯/石蜡复合相变乳液的制备及对流传热特性

为提高石蜡相变乳液的传热性能，通过添加氧化石墨烯(GO)，制备了GO/石蜡复合相变乳液并对其相关性能进行了表征。搭建了流动阻力、对流换热试验台，对比研究了石蜡相变乳液及GO/石蜡复合相变乳液的流动阻力特性和对流换热特性，试验结果表明，由于GO的亲水性，复合相变乳液都表现出较好的稳定性。当GO的质量分数为0.01％、0.02％、0.03％时，复合相变乳液的热导率分别增加了20.01％、30.50％、35.18％。添加GO使乳液的流动阻力略有增加，直管段最大增加了6.70%，90°弯管处最大增加了13.20%；对流传热系数随着GO浓度的增加而增大，当GO浓度为0.03％时，对流传热系数最大提高了43.90％。     

利用ADCP回波强度估算河流悬移质含沙量的应用研究

通过简要介绍利用声学多普勒水流剖面仪(ADCP)回波强度估算悬移质含沙量的基本原理,结合梧州水文站的应用实例,利用ADCP的回波强度数据和现场采集的水样含沙量建立相关关系,根据相关关系由回波强度反演估算的水体悬移质含沙量验证了利用ADCP的回波强度估算悬移质含沙量的可行性。应用于梧州水文站的实践表明,左河道推算的系统误差为-0.1%,右河道推算的系统误差为1.5%。这种方法具有不扰动流场、测量剖面同步性较好、数据空间分辨率较高的优点,与传统的取样过滤称量法相比,计算效率显著提高。     

连云港海域悬沙和表层沉积物交换研究

采用粒度谱计算方法分析连云港及邻近海域悬沙和表层沉积物交换特征,为徐圩防波堤口门布置和连云港港航道回淤研究提供理论支撑。连云港港主航道和徐圩航道5 m等深线以外的区域悬沙和表层沉积物交换率为0.1~0.2,表明航道回淤强度将处于较低水平,对今后航道维护有利;5 m等深线以内区域的交换率为0.3~0.4,悬沙落淤对航道回淤有一定贡献,表明该航道段回淤量相对较大,计算结果与实测航道回淤强度分布特征基本一致。灌河口沙嘴正常天气条件下交换率小于0.2,说明悬沙落淤对沙嘴的影响较小;5 m等深线以内破波带水域交换率大于0.5,表明悬沙和表层沉积物交换频繁。连云港港及邻近海域悬沙和表层沉积物交换主要为粒径小于62 μm的细颗粒组分。分析结果表明,为减少泥沙回淤对徐圩港区港池正常运行的影响,兴建防浪挡沙堤并将堤头布置在破波带之外十分必要。     

β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的构筑及应用进展

β-环糊精是由7个D-吡喃葡萄糖单元通过α-1,4-糖苷键键连成环的超分子主体分子，“内疏水、外亲水”的独特结构赋予了其优异的分子识别能力；氧化石墨烯类材料凭借其优良特性成为近几年的研究热点。由β-环糊精和氧化石墨烯构筑的超分子杂化体在兼具二者特有性能的基础上又有新功能的引入。本文综述了β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的构筑方式，按二者间的连接方式，分别为共价键和非共价键两种连接方式，其中通过共价键连接是目前最主要的构筑方式；此外对β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的特征和表征进行了简述。同时对β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体在水污染处理、电化学检测、药物控释和催化等领域的应用进展进行了综述。最后对该超分子杂化体在构筑和应用上的发展趋势进行了展望。     

氧化石墨烯的制备及形成机理研究

氧化石墨烯(GO)作为一种石墨烯衍生物,结构中含有大量羟基、环氧基、羧基和羰基等含氧官能团,使其易与其他物质通过相互作用复合,从而提高和拓宽传统材料的性能及应用。GO的结构和尺寸等性质会受石墨氧化过程中制备方法、石墨来源、氧化剂种类、反应条件等因素的影响。针对GO的制备、形成机理、结构控制等方面的研究逐渐引起科研工作者的重视。该文综述近几年有关GO的制备、方法改进、制备过程中涉及到的化学反应和形成机理以及GO结构影响其宏观性能和应用的研究进展,指出确定GO的形成机理和精确控制GO的结构是制约其应用的关键,从工业化生产和可持续性发展的角度对要拓宽和实现GO的应用存在的问题及研究方向进行了总结和展望。     

高分子助剂处理造纸污水的应用研究

采用动态滤水仪模拟造纸湿部滤水成型过程，对高分子助剂在木浆纸污水处理过程中的影响进行了初步的探讨。结果表明，对于木浆造纸污水，两性淀粉、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、高分子助留剂SG01均能显著降低污水中的总固形物含量，污水的CODCr值也有一定程度的降低，添加1％的两性淀粉、150～200g／t的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺或0．9％的高分子助留剂SG01时，可使污水中的总固形物含量降低40％～55％；而CODCr的去除率则在40％～58％左右。     

注装用改性B炸药渗油性的试验研究

通过中大口径榴弹战斗部注装改性B炸药后产生疵病的原因分析、实弹观察、注装过程物理特性及失效分析,参照TNT标准的渗油性试验方法,对原材料特性、制造工艺、长期储存所经历的任务剖面的综合分析及以相关试验为基础确定试验边界条件,提出改性B炸药的渗油性综合比较试验方案并进行检测,依此提出渗油性试验和工艺控制参数,为科学合理的评估注装弹药使用寿命周期提供试验依据.     

磁悬浮转子系统中柔性转子建模与联合仿真

为了更准确反映磁悬浮转子系统中转子的运行状态,建立了磁悬浮转子系统机电模型,采用虚拟样机技术,提出并建立了柔性磁悬浮转子系统的联合仿真模型;利用SolidWorks建立了系统的三维CAD实体模型,用ANSYS进行有限元分析并生成模态中性文件,用Matlab建立控制系统模型,采用基于接口的方法在ADAMS与Matlab仿真环境下,建立了涉及多学科多领域的磁悬浮柔性转子系统的协同仿真模型,为磁悬浮柔性转子系统的研究和设计提供了一个有效的方法。