Effects of coagulation bath temperature on structure and performance of poly （vinyl butyral） hollow fiber membranes via thermally induced phase separation

Poly （vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS）. The effects of coagulation bath temperature （CBT） on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated in detail. The morphologies of the membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the performances of water permeability, rejection, breaking strength and elongation were measured, respectively. The results indicate that all the membranes have the asymmetric morphology and the thickness of the skin layer decreases and the pore size of the outer layer increases with the increase of CBT. The permeability of membranes prepared at air gap 1.0 cm and take-up speed 0.253 m/s increases from 1.047×10-7 to 5.909×10-7 m3/（m2·s-kPa） with the CBT increasing from 20 ℃ to 40℃, and sharply increases to 35.226×10 7 m3/（m2.s.kPa）once the CBT arrives at 50 ℃. While the carbonic ink rejections have no significant decrease, totally exceed 98%, but that of acid-maleic acid copolymer greatly decreases with the increase of CBT. Both the breaking strength and elongation decrease with the increase of CBT.     

磁场中双量子位Heisenberg模型的纠缠与量子相变

以双量子位Heisenberg模型为例,讨论了磁场方向对纠缠的影响。结果表明：一定温度下,保持磁场的大小不变,仅改变其方向,不仅能获得最大纠缠,还产生了量子相变。     

Immobilizing chromium in stainless steel slags with MnO addition

This work investigates the stabilizing impact of MnO on the leaching behavior of hazardous Cr-containing CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃-MnO stainless steel slags after equilibrating at various elevated temperatures and evaluates the potential immobilization of Cr into a MnCr₂O₄ spinel phase from the existing Cr₂O₃ phase. The MnCr₂O₄ spinel phase was found to be an excellent Cr-stabilizer in stainless steel slags, where the leaching tendency of potentially hazardous Cr-related ions decreased with higher MnO content and lower equilibration temperatures within the range of 0 to 15 mass pct. and 1500 to 1300°C, respectively. Thermodynamic calculations by conducting the phase stability diagram also showed that the MnCr₂O₄ spinel phase was relatively stable and the Ca₃Si₂O₇ (Ca_3-xMn_xSi₂O₇) phase was relatively unstable compared with other crystal phases in acid extractant with pH value of 3.2. Combined with the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction results along with the thermodynamic calculations, the leached Cr-related ions was predominantly originating from the unstable amorphous glass phase.     

Electrochemical and microstructural characterization of cyclic redox behaviour of SOFC anodes

The oxidation of Ni to NiO in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode will result in large bulk volume change, which may change the interfaces of the two phases in the anode cermet and thus may cause significant performance degradation. The reduction and oxidation (redox) of the Ni/YSZ cermet were studied at 800 ℃. Anodic polarization measurements were performed before and after redox cycles. The anode current density at an overpotential of 100 mV kept decreasing during the whole redox treatment. It decreased from 19.11 to 7.95 mA·cm-2 after two redox cycles. Anode supported unit cell was assembled for cell's discharge measurements. Cell performance declined after each redox cycle. The maximum power density decreased from 126.28 to 40.32 mW·cm-2 . The microstructural changes after redox cycling were recorded using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that after re-oxidation, the Ni gets coarse and has a higher porosity; the nickel network structure turns to be desultory.     

非平稳时序循环平稳趋势提取与机械故障诊断

在简单介绍非平稳时序模型周期趋势项提取方法的基础上，提出了机械故障诊断和分析方法，该方法利用旋转机械出现故障以后所呈现的循环平稳特性，使用循环平稳分析方法剔除非平稳时间序列模型中的趋势项，然后建立平稳时序模型，用该模型进行机械故障诊断分析。并运用仿真和实例对方法的正确性进行了验证。     

PATTERN RECOGNITION APLLIED TO STABILITY OF FILLED Ti_2Ni PHASES

Pattern recognition method is used for the investigation of stability,region of filled Ti_2Niphases in multi-dimensional bond-parameter space.The filling of C,N and O atoms intoT_6 octahedra consisting of atoms of earhy-transition elements makes the expansion of thestability region of Ti_2Ni phase,and the relative stability of AI_2Cu and MoSi_2 type com-pounds decreases after the introduction of non-metallic elements such as C,N and O.     

AGING BEHAVIOUR OF PARTICULATE REINFORCED ALUMINUM ALLOY MATRIX COMPOSITES

The process of aging precipitation in SiC_p/6061 and Al_2O_3/6061 composites were investigated. Hardness testing, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and transmission electron microscopy were employed. Results showed that the precipitation phase form directly along dislocation lines in the composites because the particles produce high densities of dislocations which makes vacancy densities in the composites decrease, and the main precipitation phase at peak hardness was β′ phase.     

TWO KINDS OF VARIANT IN SHAPE MEMORY MATERIAL

In shape memory materials,that have been trained to have a two way shape memory effect(TWSM),themartensitic variants are classified into two groups,i.e.,preferentially oriented variants and self-accommodatingvariants.Applied stress may promote or constrain the transition of preferentially oriented variants and so changetransformation temperatures but has no essential effect on self-accommodating variants.According to the pointof view mentioned above,some experimental phenomena during thermocycling of a TWSM device may be ex-plained,such as the absence of synchronization between the plot of resistance change.temperature and the plotof memory strain vs.temperature.     

Formation and thermal stability of amorphous Ni-Mo-P alloys

The experimental researches on the chemical deposition of Ni-Mo-P amorphous alloys were carried out by adding Na2 MoO4 into acidic solutions. The optimum technology conditions were obtained by orthogonal design experiments. The structures and the relationship between compositions and their thermal stability were studied by energy spectrum (EC), scanning electron micrograph and X-ray diffraction spectrum. Compared with Ni-P amorphous alloys, the Ni-Mo-P amorphous alloys have high crystallization temperature and thermal stability, and the hardness reaches its peak when the annealing temperature is 500 ℃. With the increase of the heat treatment temperature, the surface morphology of the alloys changes.     

Abnormal Austenite-Ferrite Transformation Behaviors of Fe-ISi: Dilatometric Measurements

WITH THE APPEASING of competition of the totaloutput of iron and steels, the new generation of ultrahigh strength steel, based on the lessen the burden ofenvironment, double improvement of mechanicalproperties and elongation of the serving life, has beenfully outspreaded in the world. More and more researchwork shows that the solid-state microstructureevolution becomes the most effective route in thedevelopment of ultra-high strength steels. A process ofgreat interest in the steel produc…