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961.
V. Hiremath 《塑料、橡胶和复合材料》2016,45(5):199-206
Nanocomposites were synthesised by dispersing two different types of alumina nanoparticles in epoxy matrix by ultrasonication. Alumina nanoparticles of two shapes, rod and spherical were selected to investigate the effect of particle morphology on viscoelastic and flexural properties of nanocomposites. Specific surface area of both the selected nanoparticles was kept in the similar range. Good dispersion of nanoparticles was observed through transmission electron microscopy. The addition of nanoparticles in epoxy had significant enhancement in the viscoelastic properties and moderate improvement in flexural properties of composites. Composites having alumina nanorods showed higher improvement both in storage modulus as well as in flexural properties in comparison to composites having spherical alumina nanoparticles. Efficacy of Mori-Tanaka method was explored in modelling storage modulus of nanocomposites. Assorted size of alumina nanorods based on particle size distribution was used to model composites with nanorods to see the effect of size assortment on storage modulus. 相似文献
962.
An iterative two‐step sequential phase partition (ITSPP) method for batch process modeling and online monitoring 下载免费PDF全文
Operating at different manufacturing steps, multiphase modeling and analysis of the batch process are advantageous to improving monitoring performance and understanding manufacturing processes. Although many phase partition algorithms have been proposed, they have some disadvantages and cause problems: (1) time sequence disorder, which requires elaborate post‐treatments; (2) a lack of quantitative index to indicate transition patterns; and (3) tunable parameters that cannot be quantitatively determined. To effectively overcome these problems, an iterative two‐step sequential phase partition algorithm is proposed in the present work. In the first step, initial phase partition results are obtained by checking changes of the control limit of squared prediction error. Sequentially, the fast search and find of density peaks clustering algorithm is employed to adjust the degradation degree and update the phase partition results. These two steps are iteratively executed until a proper degradation degree is found for the first phase. Then, the remaining phases are processed one by one using the same procedure. Moreover, a statistical index is quantitatively defined based on density and distance analysis to judge whether a process has transitions, and when the transition regions begin and end. In this way, the phases and transition patterns are quantitatively determined without ambiguity from the perspective of monitoring performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example and a typical industrial case. Several typical phase partition algorithms are also employed for comprehensive comparisons with the proposed method. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2358–2373, 2016 相似文献
963.
Synthesis,characterization, and drug release activity of structurally modified poly(vinyl alcohol) 下载免费PDF全文
The main aim of the present investigation is synthesis of drug‐grafted poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for sustainable drug release in order to avoid bulk release and unwanted side effects. Here, the PVA was structurally modified with five different drug molecules in DMSO medium at 85 °C under N2 atmosphere for 2 h. The structure of modified PVA was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectra and further it was characterized by TGA, DSC, and SEM. The tensile strength and % elongation for the structurally modified PVA were determined. The FTIR spectrum showed peaks corresponding to the C?O and C? S stretching due to the grafted drug molecules. The 1H NMR spectrum showed the acrylic CH2 proton signal of PVA around 1.6 ppm. The SEM showed different surface morphology for the structurally modified PVA. The mechanical properties of the structurally modified PVA was found to be reduced due to the presence of traces of solvent molecules and the breaking of inter‐ and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The sustainable drug release through hydrolysis mechanism was tested at the pH of 7.3. Generally, the drug release followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model with Fickian drug transportation mechanism except Furosemide (Fur)‐grafted PVA system at the pH of 7.3. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46620. 相似文献
964.
In this article, we report the emergence of material properties of polyurea over a finite time frame. Due to the rapid isocyanate–amine reaction, polyurea formation occurs practically instantaneously. Despite being an “instant‐curing” system, the material properties of polyurea evolve substantially with time: phenomenon, which warrants a methodical study. The curing process of polyurea formulations, containing both aliphatic and aromatic chain extender, has been studied systematically with an aim to gain insight into the time frame associated with its curing and subsequent stress relaxation. Formulations containing aromatic chain extender mandated relatively lesser time to “gel,” but the complete disappearance of NCO absorbance mandated much longer periods ~7 h. Interestingly, in all the formulations, mechanical properties improved with time and reached their optimal properties over a period of 15 days. This improvement has been attributed to several processes simultaneously occurring within the matrix; the foremost being the relaxation of internal stresses which tend to buildup in the polymer during the spray coating process. In addition, significant changes occur in the internal morphology of segmented polymers, which in turn is a result of H‐bond rearrangement. 相似文献
965.
Phase transition of Eu2Ti2O7 under high pressure and a new ferroelectric phase with perovskite‐like layered structure 下载免费PDF全文
Zhipeng Gao Yi Liu Chengjia Lu Yuanhua Xia Leiming Fang Yongjun Ma Qiang He Duanwei He Sinuo Yang 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2018,101(6):2571-2577
Ferroelectrics with perovskite‐like layered (PL) structure are well‐known for their high Tc and the application prospect of high‐temperature‐piezoelectric sensing. In this study, the PL‐structure Eu2Ti2O7 was prepared by 1‐step high‐pressure sintering, which show the pyrochlore structure of Eu2Ti2O7 would change into PL structure at 11 GPa, 1300°C. The PL‐structure Eu2Ti2O7 is metastable, which will change back to pyrochlore structure at about 900°C in the air. The PL‐structure Eu2Ti2O7 was confirmed as a high‐temperature ferroelectric material for the first time. The ferroelectric domain switching was directly observed using piezoelectric force microscope. The piezoelectric constant of the PL Eu2Ti2O7 ceramic was measured as 0.7‐0.9 pC/N and its thermal depoling temperature (Td) was determined as 800°C, which is associated with the PL‐pyrochlore transition. 相似文献
966.
The mineral transition mechanism and self-pulverization property of the sintered products in the Ca2Al2SiO7-CaO system were systematically studied using pre-synthesized gehlenite determined by XRD, SEM, FTIR and particle size analyses. The minerals of Ca12Al14O33, CaAl2O4, Ca3SiO5 and Ca2SiO4 are formed by the direct reactions of Ca2Al2SiO7 with CaO. CaAl2O4 reacts with CaO to form Ca12Al14O33 or Ca3Al2O6, while Ca3SiO5 reacts with Ca2Al2SiO7 to form Ca2SiO4 and calcium aluminate compounds. The sintered products mainly contain CaAl2O4, Ca12Al14O33 and Ca2SiO4 at 1350?°C or above 1500?°C when the molar ratio of CaO to Al2O3 is 1.0. Increasing the sintering duration or the CaO consumption promotes the transition of Ca2Al2SiO7 to Ca2SiO4 and calcium aluminate compounds when sintered at 1350?°C, which accordingly improves the self-pulverization property of the sintered products. The formed minerals of Ca12Al14O33, CaAl2O4 and Ca2SiO4 transform into Ca2Al2SiO7 again when the sintering temperature is between 1400?°C and 1450?°C, and the corresponding self-pulverization property of the sintered products deteriorates sharply. 相似文献
967.
Fang Xu Jian Chen Yinmei Lu Qingfeng Zhang Qi Zhang Taosheng Zhou Yunbin He 《Ceramics International》2018,44(14):16745-16750
In this work, we studied effects of Ni2O3 and Co2O3 doping on crystal structures, microstructures, orthorhombic and tetragonal phase transition temperature (To-t), and electrical properties of [Li0.06(Na0.57K0.43)0.94][Ta0.05(Sb0.06Nb0.94)0.95]O3 (LNKTSN) lead-free ceramics. The experimental results showed that the Ni2O3 addition with appropriate amount could shift the To-t downwards to the room temperature, and thus obviously increasing the room-temperature piezoelectric coefficient (d33), dielectric coefficient (εr) and electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp) of the LNKTSN ceramics. These were consistent with previous experimental results obtained in Fe2O3 doped LNKTSN ceramics. On the contrary, Co3+ doping shifted continuously the To-t upward and deteriorated obviously piezoelectric properties of LNKTSN ceramics. Fe, Co and Ni had similar ion radii and were expected to result in the same (donor or acceptor) doping effects on electrical properties of LNKTSN ceramics. The different doping effects between Co3+ (deterioration) and Ni3+ or Fe3+ (improvement) on the electrical properties of LNKTSN ceramics suggested that the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases at room temperature due to downward shift of To-t, rather than ion doping (donor or acceptor doping) effects was the main cause for enhanced room-temperature piezoelectric properties. This conclusion can be extended to all KNN-based materials in general, thus offering principle guide for future development of new lead-free materials with good piezoelectric properties. 相似文献
968.
Alex L. Riley Sarah E. Pepper Adam J. Canner Solomon F. Brown Mark D. Ogden 《分离科学与技术》2018,53(1):22-35
Work has been carried out screening hydrometallurgical resins for application in the valorization of industrially produced jarosite. Of the seven resins tested, anion exchange resins performed poorly for valuable metal recovery. Purolite S950+ and S957, along with a strong acid resin, show good extraction properties, but are selective for Fe3+ over the other (divalent) metals. Purolite S930+ (iminodiacetic acid-functionalized resin) demonstrates selectivity for Cu2+ over Fe3+, but poor selectivity for Ni2+, Zn2+, and Co2+. Dowex M4195 (bispicolylamine-functionalized resin) demonstrates promise for extracting metals of value away from a mixed metal pregnant liquor solution (PLS). A three-stage column-based recovery process is proposed for jarosite leachate treatment. 相似文献
969.
Christian Rieck Martin Schmidt Andreas Bück Evangelos Tsotsas 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2018,64(10):3582-3594
Fluidized bed spray agglomeration is used in the industry to increase the particle size and to improve several properties, for example, bulk density, flowability, and dissolution behavior of particulate products. Usually, a binder liquid is sprayed on a particle bed. If amorphous materials are used, spraying of pure water may cause agglomeration due to glass transition at wet spots on the particle surface. As no process models covering binder‐less spray agglomeration currently exist, a model based on a Monte Carlo method is presented. In this method, the process is described by events and processes on the single particle scale. Additionally, agglomeration experiments in a lab‐scale fluidized bed using three different maltodextrins are presented. For each experiment, a simulation was performed. The simulation results are compared with the obtained experimental data. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3582–3594, 2018 相似文献
970.
采用一步法合成介孔二氧化硅负载的金纳米催化剂,以氯化锡为前驱体,通过浸渍法向金纳米催化剂中引入助剂氧化锡,得到过渡金属氧化物修饰的金纳米催化剂。通过N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、透射电镜和固体紫外漫反射光谱等对催化剂结构进行表征。将所合成的催化剂用于苯甲醇选择性氧化反应,考察助剂组分对催化剂性能的影响,结果表明,氧化锡的引入改变了金纳米颗粒的表面电子结构,增加了催化剂活性与选择性;但随着氧化锡含量继续增加,催化剂活性降低,这主要是因为金纳米颗粒表面过渡金属氧化物覆盖度增加,减少了催化剂活性组分与苯甲醇的接触。当氧化锡质量分数0.2%时,催化剂效果最佳,在100℃和氧气压力0.2 MPa下反应3 h,苯甲醇转化率25.7%,苯甲醛选择性75.9%,苯甲酸选择性15.8%,苯甲酸苄酯选择性6.3%。 相似文献