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11.
Z. Gruba? 《Materials Letters》2007,61(3):794-798
The initial stage of copper electrodeposition on the electrochemically activated assembly of carbon microelectrodes from an acid solution of copper sulfate was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic pulse technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Analysis of the experimental current transients has been carried out using a non-linear fitting procedure according to the model that takes into account spherical diffusion towards a disc-shaped microelectrode. The higher values of diffusion coefficient in comparison with those observed on planar electrodes were explained with an increased diffusion caused by the electrode geometry. Impedance spectra showed two time constants, the high-frequency related to the charge transfer process and the low-frequency corresponded to the deposit morphology. 相似文献
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13.
M. Knaapila R. Stepanyan B.P. Lyons M. Torkkeli A.P. Monkman 《Advanced functional materials》2006,16(5):599-609
This account highlights recent progress towards understanding the complex hierarchical levels of solid‐state structure in a prototypical helical hairy‐rod polyfluorene, poly[9,9‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)fluorene‐2,7‐diyl] (or PF2/6). This branched‐side‐chain containing polyfluorene undergoes a systematic intermolecular self‐assembly and liquid‐crystalline phase behavior in combination with uniaxial and biaxial alignment. The latter processes yield full three‐dimensional orientation of the crystallites and polymer chains. Also reviewed are the impact of the molecular structure and phase behavior on surface morphology, anisotropic film formation, and, ultimately, the overall impact of these physical attributes on optical constants. This particular polyfluorene also represents a model system for demonstrating the applicability of mean‐field theory in detailing the self‐organization of aligned hairy‐rod block‐copolymer systems. These results of PF2/6 are compared to those of other archetypical π‐conjugated hairy‐rod polymers. General guidelines of how molecular weight influences nanostructure, phase behavior, alignment, and surface morphology are given. 相似文献
15.
A. Benati M.A. Butturi C. Capperdoni M.C. Carotta G. Martinelli M. Merli L. Passari G. Sartori R. Van Steenwinkel G.M. Youssef 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》1996,43(2):183
The newly developed ingot growing techniques, as the three-grain and the columnar multigrain ingot processes, are now offering the possibility of slicing thinner wafers (≤ 100 μm). In this paper we present the results obtained on p type large area (≥ 100 cm2) and 100 μm thick wafers by using both conventional and reverse cell manufacturing technologies.The conventional cells are provided with aluminium or boron BSF plus screen-printed silver mirror or a silver-aluminium net; the reverse cells have a FSF and the deep back junction completely covered by a screen-printed or CVD silver layer.The constructing parameters have been chosen on the base of one and two dimensions modeling and both raw material and devices have been completely characterized.This work shows that very thin wafers do not introduce serious problems for the conventional manufacturing of solar cells. The efficiencies of the normal and of the reverse cells are found to be comparable and are of the same order than those of thicker cells, however at a significant lower cost. The main obtained result has to be related to the demonstration of a cell manufacturing feasibility starting from very thin wafers. 相似文献
16.
Poly(N-vinyl-carbazole) (PVK) thin films doped with bromine has been studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin resonance (ESR), optical transmission (visible, near ultra violet) and conductivity measurements. The polymer has been doped at room temperature and at 373 K. It is shown by ESR, XPS and optical measurements that a charge transfer complex (CT-complex) is formed between PVK and Br. However, if some bromine acts as dopant of the polymer there is another bromine contribution, which corresponds to bromine covalently bonded to PVK and some only adsorbed. It is also shown by ESR that there is not only polymer doping by bromine but also some partial polymer degradation. Therefore, it can be said that the optimum doping condition of PVK thin films with bromine has been shown to be room temperature post-doping. 相似文献
17.
铝合金薄板尖边缘缺口试样的机械加工方法及缺口敏感性测试 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
李行旦 《有色金属材料与工程》1994,15(5):286-293
介绍高强度铝合金薄板的尖边缘缺口拉伸试样的机械加工方法,用该方法制备的仿美7075、美制7075、国产LC4、LC9、LY12、LB733等6种铝合金16种热处理状态下的EN试样,其内率半径R满足了ASTME338-68标准方法中Rmax0.018毫米的要求,并且达到R<0.010毫米的特高精度。同时,还对仿美7075、美制7075、国产LC4的6种热处理状态下的缺口敏感性和宏观断口、以及选择仿美7075、LY12对扫描断口形态进行了研究。 相似文献
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19.
T. Xu J. Stevens J.A. Villa J.T. Goldbach K.W. Guarini C.T. Black C.J. Hawker T.P. Russell 《Advanced functional materials》2003,13(9):698-702
Thin films of block copolymers have been used as templates and scaffolds for the fabrication of arrays of nanostructured materials. In general, a chemical modification of the film or the removal of one of the components by photodegradative methods is required to produce a nanoporous film that serves as a template or scaffold. Here, however, the preferential interaction of one of the components with a solvent is shown to produce a reconstruction of the block copolymer film that, upon drying, leads to the generation of a nanoporous template. The area density of the pores is identical to that of the original copolymer thin film. Since no chemical reactions occurr, the process is fully reversible. Upon heating the copolymer film above its glass‐transition temperature, mobility is imparted to the copolymer and the original copolymer film with oriented domains is recovered. The film reconstruction significantly simplifies the generation of nanoporous templates. 相似文献
20.
I. Hole T. Tybell J. K. Grepstad I. Wrnhus T. Grande K. Wiik 《Solid-state electronics》2003,47(12):2279
Heteroepitaxial LaFeO3(1 1 0) thin films with a thickness of 150 nm were grown on LaAlO3(0 0 1) by reactive sputtering in an inverted cylindrical magnetron geometry. Equilibrium conductivity was measured as a function of partial pressure of oxygen at T=1000 °C, and logσ plotted vs. logP(O2) showed a minimum in conductivity for P(O2)=10−11 atm and a linear response between 10−10 and 1 atm. This linear response makes thin films of LaFeO3 a promising material for oxygen sensor applications. We have also measured the time response of the film conductivity upon an abrupt change in the partial pressure of ambient oxygen from 10−2 to 10−3 atm, which was determined at 60 s for T=700 °C and <3.5 s at T=1000 °C. 相似文献