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41.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) studies of 19F nuclei in a random copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene were performed at 9.14 MHz and 20.0 MHz. The free induction decays (FIDs) were analysed in terms of two T2 components attributed to the amorphous and crystalline portions of the polymer. The changes in crystallinity as well as the effects of the ferroelectric transition were observed during cycles of heating and cooling between 20°C and 140°C. The crystalline component of the FID lengthens by a factor of 2 at 100°C on heating and decreases by this factor at 60°C on cooling, thus exhibiting the thermal hysteresis of this ferroelectric transition. The spin-lattice relaxation was also investigated. From measurements at 9.14 MHz the observed longitudinal relaxation time T1 appears to be dominated by the dynamics of the amorphous phase and exhibits no anomaly through the phase transition. However, from measurements at 20 MHz, well defined minima of T1 were observed, which are associated with the ferroelectric transition (especially after repeated annealing of the samples). Results are discussed in terms of the crystalline phase structure, which appears dynamically disordered above the ferroelectric phase transition. An analogy is considered with the plastic phase transitions encountered in molecular crystals. 相似文献
42.
43.
An effective system control method is presented for applying a three‐phase current‐source PWM converter with a deadbeat controller to active power filters (APFs). In the shunt‐type configuration, the APF is controlled such that the current drawn by the APF from the utility is equal to the current harmonics and reactive current required for the load. To attain the time‐optimal response of the APF supply current, a two‐dimensional deadbeat control scheme is applied to APF current control. Furthermore, in order to cancel both the delay in the two‐dimensional deadbeat control scheme and the delay in DSP control strategy, an Adaptive Line Enhancer (ALE) is introduced in order to predict the desired value three sampling periods ahead. ALE has another function of bringing robustness to the deadbeat control system. Due to the ALE, settling time is made short in a transient state. On the other hand, total harmonic distortion (THD) of source currents can be minimized compared to the case where ideal identification of the controlled system can be made. The experimental results obtained from the DSP‐based APF are also reported. The compensating ability of this APF is very high in accuracy and responsiveness although the modulation frequency is rather low. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 50–61, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20014 相似文献
44.
45.
采用激光感生荧光技术测量了Nd:MgO:LiNbO3晶体的偏振荧光光谱,简要地说明了Nd:MgO:LiNbO3双晶体腔内互倍频的基本原理,并在实验中用染料激光作泵浦源实现了其双晶体腔内互倍频运转;得到543nm横模倍频绿光单端输出约YMW,腔前泵浦阈值约38MW,总转换效率约为1.3%。 相似文献
46.
47.
The electroclinic effect in the smectic A phase of ferroelectric liquid crystals is a sensitive probe for measuring the soft
mode response near the A-C* transition point. It is possible to evaluate several coefficients of the Landau theory describing
the A-C* transition by simultaneously measuring the frequency dependence of both the optical signal and the current through
the sample. We have made such measurements on a couple of homologous series [2S,3S]-4′-(2-chloro-3-methyl pentanoyloxy) phenyl-trans-4″-n alkoxy cinnamates synthesized in our labortory. The results show that the Landau meanfield theory is adequate to describe
the A-C* phase transition in these compounds.
Presented at the 15th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Budapest, 3–8 July 1994. 相似文献
48.
A new unsymmetrical chiral thioindigo dopant 6‐[(R,R)‐2,3‐difluorooct‐1‐yloxy]‐5′‐nitro‐6′‐[(R)‐2‐octyloxy]thioindigo ( 4 ) designed to photoinvert the sign of spontaneous polarization (PS) in a ferroelectric chiral smectic C (SmC*) liquid crystal was prepared using a synthetic approach previously developed in our laboratory. In this new “ambidextrous” design, the (R)‐2‐octyloxy side‐chain is sterically coupled to the thioindigo core and induces a positive PS, whereas the (R,R)‐2,3‐difluorooctyloxy side‐chain is decoupled from the core and induces a larger negative PS. In the trans form, this dopant induces a negative polarization in the SmC host (+)‐4‐(4‐methylhexyloxy)phenyl 4‐decyloxybenzoate ( PhB ). Irradiation of a 1 mol‐% mixture of 4 in PhB at λ = 510 nm caused a sign inversion of PS, from –0.88 to +0.42 nC cm–2 at T – TC = –5 °C, which is consistent with an increase in the polarization power of the coupled 2‐octyloxy/thioindigo unit over that of the 2,3‐difluorooctyloxy unit, due to the increase in transverse dipole moment of the thioindigo core upon trans–cis photoisomerization. The PS sign inversion was confirmed by a surface‐stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal photoswitching experiment. Spectroscopic measurements on films of the doped liquid crystal mixtures showed that trans–cis photoisomerization is gradually suppressed with increasing dopant mole fraction, possibly as a result of increased dopant aggregation. 相似文献
49.
旋转场移相器具有移相精度高(均方根误差可小于1°)和温度稳定性好等特点,通过改进射频传输结构,可大大提高他的功率容量。利用旋转场移相器的互易特性和铁氧体圆极化器的非互易特性,设计出高功率双工旋转场移相器。其双工特性可将收/发信号分开,实现移相器和环行器的双重功能,用于天线的收发通道等场合时,可省去一个高功率环行器,结构紧凑。分析了双工旋转场移相器的工作原理,阐述了高功率应用下的设计方法,推导出了管状铁氧体的相移量计算公式,按此方法设计了实用的器件,并给出了试验数据。 相似文献
50.
To confirm the reliability of the theory of phase equibria of multicomponent polymer 1/multicomponent polymer 2 systems (i.e. quasi-binary systems) and the method of computer experiment based on this theory (Brit. Polym. J., 23 (1990)285; 23 (1990)299; Polym. Int., 29 (1992)219), could point curves (CPC), two-phase volume ratios ( R ) and critical solution points (CSP) have been determined experimentally for the quasi-binary mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide) (M¯w = 647, M¯w/M¯n = 1.15; M¯w and M¯n, the weight-average and numberaverage molecular weights, respectively) and poly(propylene oxide) (M¯w = 2028, M¯w/M¯n = 1.08; and Mw = 2987, Mw/Mn = 1.13). The hydroxyl end groups of both polymers were methoxylated in advance by the Cooper & Booth method (Polymer, 18 (1977)164). The thermodynamic interaction parameter between both polymers, χ12, and the concentration dependence parameters for the above quasi-binary systems were determined by the method proposed in a previous paper (Brit. Polym. J., 23 (1990)299). CPC, R and CSP values calculated on the basis of the theory are in good agreement with the values determined experimentally. 相似文献