可持续发展住宅的规划与设计

笔者通过对跨世纪住宅规划、设计实践的分析与总结，提出以可持续发展为中心的设计思路，并强调提高科技含量，关注信息时代人的生活需求，并据此创造更加健康、宜人的人居环境。     

大型高炉混凝土框架冬期负温施工

从冬施原理出发,对裸露系数较大的高炉砼框架的冬期施工过程进行了统筹考虑,提出了满足砼防冻剂选用,预养护,施工过程与措施、拆模强度控制等的综合蓄热施工方法。最终取得了较好的技术经济效果。     

Predicting moisture state of timber members in a continuously varying climate

A prerequisite for a sensible estimate of moisture induced stresses in timber members is an accurate prediction of the members’ moisture states during their service life. There are, however, an infinite number of possible moisture states for an arbitrary timber member in a natural varying climate. The naturally varying humidity is possible to describe as harmonic cycles, with different periods, superimposed. This work presents realizations of envelop curves over the possible moisture states in a timber member for some carefully chosen harmonic humidity variations. The calculations, on which the realizations were made, are based on a fully coupled transport model including a model for the influential sorption hysteresis of wood. A format containing required information suitable for assessing the “moisture” action on timber members is proposed. In addition it is illustrated how a model of high complexity and nonlinearity renders results with large degree of consistency. Large moisture gradients in a timber member are detected when variations of the humidity are frequent (daily period) and with large amplitude at high humidity levels. Overall and complete moisture changes of structural timber members with normal dimensions are found for members subjected to varying humidity with long (annual) periods. A timber member’s initial moisture state in relation to the ambient humidity can have a significant influence on both moisture gradients and overall moisture change of the member.     

关于混凝土碱含量限定的几点建议

介绍了混凝土碱含量限值的具体规定以及碱的来源和存在状态，探讨了其他国家对于混凝土安全碱含量的研究动态，总结了有关混凝土碱含量限定的几点建议。     

A new methodology towards determining building performance under modified outdoor conditions

Great efforts have been made to establish the influence of the urban climate upon the energy consumption of buildings. While many scientific articles present measured data of increased energy consumption due to building surroundings, this paper aims to present a straightforward methodology for the assessment of building performance under modified outdoor conditions. Designers and urban planners should benefit from the results of this paper in their evaluation of proposals to decrease building energy consumption. A number of examples are discussed in order to illustrate the methodology outlined.     

综合稳定土裂缝产生的原因及措施

结合县际油路实践，分析了综合稳定土裂缝的形成机理以及引起干缩的因素，针对各因素，提出了防止裂缝采取的措施，以提高综合稳定土高等级路面的质量。     

Comparative analysis and performance of load bearing characteristics of biogas and gasoline-fuelled electric generator

ABSTRACT

This research demonstrates a simplified purification of biogas from hybrid waste and conversion of a single cylinder spark ignition engine to use biogas. The scrubbed gas obtained showed 95% methane enriched biogas. The carburettor of the gasoline engine was modified with a tri-fuel carburettor to suit the input specimen fuel fed to the modified 2.5 kVA, 230 V, and 50 Hz reciprocating engine to generate power. Results showed that 1 kg of compressed biogas ran for 46 min with a load capacity of 1800 W on the 2.5 kVA modified generator, while a litre of gasoline ran for 72 min under the same loading capacity. A comparative assessment of the load bearing characteristics was conducted. Load condition exceeding 1000 W resulted in a voltage output drop of 14.25% on biogas while a small change in voltage of 0.06% occurred for loading conditions between 100 and 1000 W. There was 8.5% decrease in engine speed while operating on biogas with little or no change on gasoline. Maximum torque of 5 and 3.5 Nm at 1800 W electric loading was experienced for gasoline and biogas. Finally, the BSFC for gasoline and biogas at 15% loading condition was maximum at 2000 and 2400 kg/kWh, respectively.     

改善温暖地区室内热环境的新途径——除湿

长江流域广大地区有夏闷热而冬阴冷的气候特征,过去以夏日通风隔热而冬日保温防寒的传统措施有一定效果,但不很显著,原因是尚未抓着主要矛盾,以此来改善环境未能收到理想功效。本文论证,以降低湿度以改善室内热环境这一新途径。这可能是湿热地区最为有效和最经济和节能的方法。     

Mechanical behavior of micaceous clays

This study aims to investigate the effect of mica content on the mechanical properties of clays.Commercially available ground mica was blended with a locally available clayey soil,at varying nica contents by mass of 5%,10%,15%,20%,25% and 30%,to artificially prepare various micaceous clay blends.The preliminary testing phase included consistency limits and standard Proctor compaction tests.The primary testing program consisted of unconfined compression(UC),direct shear(DS) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) tests.The test results showed that the liquid and plastic limits exhibited a linear,monotonically increasing trend with increase in mica content.The rate of increase in the plastic limit,however,was found to be greater than that of the liquid limit,thereby leading to a gradual transition towards a non-plastic,cohesionless character.The soft,spongy fabric and high water demand of the mica mineral led to higher optimum water contents and lower maximum dry unit weights with increasing mica content.Under low confinement conditions,i.e.the UC test and the DS test at low normal stresses,the shear strength was adversely affected by mica.However,the closer packing of the clay and mica components in the matrix under high confinement conditions offsets the adverse effects of mica by inducing frictional resistance at the shearing interface,thus leading to improved strength resistance.     

Medium-size triaxial apparatus for unsaturated granular subbase course materials

This paper proposes a testing method for evaluating the effect of water content on the deformation–strength characteristics of unsaturated subbase course materials. A medium-size triaxial apparatus for unsaturated soils is newly developed in order to examine the mechanical behavior of unsaturated subbase course materials subjected to fluctuations in water content and to shorten the testing time. It adopts the pressure membrane method with hydrophilic microporous membrane filters, instead of the pressure plate method with ceramic disks, and controls both pore air pressure and pore water pressure at the cap and the pedestal separately. The results of the proposed testing method, carried out by this apparatus, are shown to conform well to the results of previous researches. This indicates that the medium-size triaxial apparatus for unsaturated soils is highly useful for triaxial compression tests and water retentivity tests on unsaturated granular base course materials and for shortening the total testing time.