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11.
20世纪的泥沙运动力学 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在20世纪,泥沙运动力学的研究取得了不少突出的成绩,但与其他学科同时期的进展相比,发展还是比较缓慢的。按取得的进展来看,20世纪可分为两个阶段;在上半叶,有6项突破性进展,逐步积累,到1950年,Einstein集大成,提出了第1 个泥沙运动力学理论体系。在下半叶,进入了百家争鸣的时代,一些研究者提出了自己的泥沙运动理论体系,作者列举了8个有代表性的理论体系。受计算机时代的影响,从20世纪70年 代开始出现了根据大量实测资料,利用计算机进行回归分析而得出的阻力和输沙率公式,而不拘泥于发展新的理论。与此同时,一些与实际偏离较远的理论逐渐被淘汰。在21世纪,要搜集系统完整的资料,特别是近底层的资料,并拓宽研究领域到环境,生态等学科。 相似文献
12.
一级开发大柳树高坝原始库容比二级开发小观音高坝多 4 0亿m3 ,库容大带来的好处体现在 5~ 7月可多向下游增供水量 ,缓解下游河道断流 ;延长泄放清水时间 ;增加发电效益 ;满足宁蒙河段防凌要求 ;增加汛期集中泄水 ,减缓下游河道淤积萎缩 ;满足南水北调西线工程水量调节要求等。为了更好优化配置黄河水资源 ,从全局和长远利益考虑 ,应采用一级开发方案 ,修建大柳树高坝大库 相似文献
13.
Ring‐opening polymerization of D,L ‐lactide (LA) has been successfully carried out by using rare earth 2,6‐dimethylaryloxide (Ln(ODMP)3) as single component catalyst or initiator for the first time. The effects of different rare earth elements, solvents, monomers and catalyst concentration as well as polymerization temperature and time on the polymerization were investigated. The results show that La(ODMP)3 exhibits higher activity to prepare poly(D,L ‐lactide) (PLA) with a viscosity molecular weight of 4.5 × 104 g mol?1 and the conversion of 97 % at 100 °C in 45 min. The catalytic activity of Ln(ODMP)3 has following sequence: La > Nd > Sm > Gd > Er > Y. A kinetic study has indicated that the polymerization is first order with respect to both monomer and catalyst concentration. The apparent activation energy of the polymerization of LA with La(ODMP)3 is 69.6 kJ mol?1. The analyses of polymer ends indicate that the LA polymerization proceeds according to ‘coordination–insertion’ mechanism with selective cleavage of the acyl–oxygen bond of the monomer. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
14.
This article introduces the basic structure of a symmetric self-electrooptic effect device (S-SEED), and applies the Kirchoff' s current law and a purely equivalent capacitive model, to analyze S-SEED's switch characteristics. Linear approximation and N-segment approximation are utilized to obtain S-SEED's voltage-time (V-T) and characteristics. Theoretical analysis is verified by simulations, and the results demonstrate that the precision of S-SEED's switch time can satisfy the requirement in applications with linear approximation. Moreover, the simulations compare S-SEED's switch characteristics with different input powers and input contrast ratios, which reveal that increasing input contrast ratio is an effective way to improve S-SEED's switch characteristics. 相似文献
15.
It is well recognized that performance changes over time. However, the effect of these changes on overall assessments of performance is largely unknown. In a laboratory experiment, we examined the influence of salient Gestalt characteristics of a dynamic performance profile on supervisory ratings. We manipulated performance trend (flat, linear-improving, linear-deteriorating, U-shaped, and ∩-shaped), performance variation (small, large), and performance mean (negative, zero, positive) within subjects and display format (graphic, tabular) between subjects. Participants received and evaluated information about the weekly performance of different employees over a simulated 26-week period. Results showed strong main effects on performance ratings of both performance mean and performance trend, as well as interactions with display format. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
16.
In its policy rationale for evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP), the APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice (see record 2006-05893-001) claims to have constituted itself with "scientists and practitioners from a wide range of perspectives and traditions, reflecting the diverse perspectives within the field" (p. 273). We applaud this attention to diversity but contend that an entire perspective of the debate was omitted in the Task Force's newly approved policy and its underlying report. The failure to consider a philosophy of science perspective led the Task Force to make a number of epistemological assumptions that are not based on evidence or rationale and that thus violate the very spirit of evidence-based decision making. In this comment, we reveal a few of these assumptions and discuss their detrimental consequences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
17.
Hitsman Brian; Borrelli Belinda; McChargue Dennis E.; Spring Bonnie; Niaura Raymond 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,71(4):657
The authors conducted a meta-analysis of published studies to (a) evaluate the premise that a history of major depression is associated with failure to quit smoking and (b) identify factors that moderate the relationship between history of depression and cessation outcome. Fifteen studies met the selection requirements and were coded for various study methodology and treatment characteristics. DSTAT was used to calculate individual study effect sizes, determine the mean effect size across studies. and test for moderator effects. No differences in either short-term (≤ 3 months) or long-term abstinence rates (≥ 6 months) were observed between smokers positive versus negative for history of depression. Lifetime history of major depression does not appear to be an independent risk factor for cessation failure in smoking cessation treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
用单透镜变换由多模光纤出射的大功率Nd:YAG激光束的特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据理论假设,通过选取单透镜的参数和位置,计算说明了单透镜使经由多模光纤出射的大功率Nd:YAG激光束的发射角压缩,光束聚焦效率提高,光束截面场为高斯分布;文中的计算结果符合已知规律,从而说明了理论假设的正确性。 相似文献
19.
ETRⅠ-30调速器是瑞士爱舍维斯工厂生产的具有PID调节规律的电液调速器。本文对其液压控制系统作了较详细的介绍,供有关人员参考。 相似文献
20.
河口水流、波浪、潮流、泥沙、河床变形二维数学模型 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
根据河口“波浪掀沙,潮流输沙”的泥沙运动机制,引入“波浪幅射应力”反应波浪对水体和泥沙的驱动力.考虑波浪对底部泥沙作用力、波浪对水流挟沙能力的影响及风场对水流和泥沙运动的影响.同时考虑泥沙粒径大小、水体含盐度、含沙量及水流紊动程度等因素对絮凝沉速的影响.用ADI算法求解沿水深平均方程,破开算子法解悬移质不平衡输沙方程及河床变形方程,引入通度概念处理岸滩不规则边界,建立河口水流、波浪、潮流、泥沙、河床变形二维数学模型.通过实测资料及卫星摇感图像对所建数学模型进行检验,表明它可以较好地预测河口泥沙的运动 相似文献