全文获取类型
收费全文 | 43192篇 |
免费 | 5644篇 |
国内免费 | 3058篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 4627篇 |
技术理论 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 3504篇 |
化学工业 | 9656篇 |
金属工艺 | 4603篇 |
机械仪表 | 1982篇 |
建筑科学 | 1194篇 |
矿业工程 | 773篇 |
能源动力 | 1612篇 |
轻工业 | 2451篇 |
水利工程 | 422篇 |
石油天然气 | 1813篇 |
武器工业 | 426篇 |
无线电 | 7090篇 |
一般工业技术 | 5893篇 |
冶金工业 | 2462篇 |
原子能技术 | 450篇 |
自动化技术 | 2935篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 217篇 |
2023年 | 823篇 |
2022年 | 1196篇 |
2021年 | 1470篇 |
2020年 | 1602篇 |
2019年 | 1529篇 |
2018年 | 1403篇 |
2017年 | 1687篇 |
2016年 | 1717篇 |
2015年 | 1745篇 |
2014年 | 2361篇 |
2013年 | 2580篇 |
2012年 | 2922篇 |
2011年 | 2883篇 |
2010年 | 2094篇 |
2009年 | 2316篇 |
2008年 | 2259篇 |
2007年 | 2733篇 |
2006年 | 2544篇 |
2005年 | 2096篇 |
2004年 | 1776篇 |
2003年 | 1753篇 |
2002年 | 1508篇 |
2001年 | 1369篇 |
2000年 | 1230篇 |
1999年 | 971篇 |
1998年 | 853篇 |
1997年 | 761篇 |
1996年 | 587篇 |
1995年 | 574篇 |
1994年 | 498篇 |
1993年 | 336篇 |
1992年 | 337篇 |
1991年 | 250篇 |
1990年 | 224篇 |
1989年 | 212篇 |
1988年 | 98篇 |
1987年 | 67篇 |
1986年 | 56篇 |
1985年 | 43篇 |
1984年 | 47篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 34篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 25篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1951年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
We study the effect of Josephson coupling between adjacent superconducting layers on the BCS energy spectrum. We find that the interference between the gap functions of two layers can lead to vanishing condensation energy for perpendicular momenta corresponding to the formation of standing waves. We therefore predict a conventional energy spectrum for large interlayer spacings, if the gap of the single layers has no nodes, and in all cases a gapless spectrum for small spacings. Within the experimental error, our numerical results account for the low-temperature dependence of the penetration depth reported in Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O6.9. 相似文献
12.
New technologies such as power electronics have made it possible to change continuously the impedance of a power system not only to control power flow but also to enhance stability. A power system incorporating a variable impedance apparatus such as a variable series capacitor (VSrC) and high-speed phase shifter (HSPS) is called VIPS (Variable Impedance Power System) by the authors. This paper proposes a novel control method of VIPS apparatus such as VSrC and HSPS installed at an interconnecting point for stabilizing inter-area unstable and/or oscillatory modes. The proposed design method of the control system is a kind of hierarchical decentralized control method of a large-scale power system based on a Lyapunov function. Under the proposed control scheme, each subsystem can be stabilized independently by local controllers such as AVR, speed governor and PSS, and then the whole interconnected system can be stabilized by VIPS apparatus taking into account interactions between subsystems. The effectiveness and robustness of the VIPS apparatus control are shown by numerical examples with model systems including a large-scale power system. 相似文献
13.
K. Konstantinov N. Balchev G. Gyurov I. Stambolova I. Khristova 《Journal of Superconductivity》1993,6(6):381-386
The superconducting properties and the phase and chemical composition of Bi
x
Pb0.3Sb0.1Sr
y
Ca2Cu3Oz (x=1.5, 1.6, and 1.7;y=1.9, 2.0, and 2.1) materials synthesized by one-step and multistep thermal treatments have been investigated. The multistep annealing between 825–875°C promotes the 2223 phase. The change of Bi concentration has little effect on the 2223 phase formation, regardless of the kind of thermal treatment used, but increasing the Sr concentration (y> 2) strongly inhibits this phase. It has also been established that the loss of Pb after synthesis depends on the initial Bi concentration. The loss of Pb decreases when the initial Bi content is lower. 相似文献
14.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERI- MENT OF UNSTEADY THERMAL FIELD OF ROTOR PLATE FOR EDDY CURRENT RETARDER 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
LIU Chengye HE Ren 《机械工程学报(英文版)》2008,21(4):71-75
The physical model based on heat transfer theory and virtual boundary method for analyzing unsteady thermal field of rotor plate for eddy current retarder used in automobile is established and boundary conditions are also defined. The finite element governing equation is derived by Galerkin method. The time differential item is discrete based on Galerkin format that is stable at any condition. And a new style of varying time step method is used in iteration process. The thermal field on the rotor plate at the radial and axle directions is analyzed and varying temperature at appointed points on two side-surfaces is measured. The testing and analytical data are uniform approximately. Finite element method can be used for estimating thermal field of the rotor plate at initial design stage of eddy current retarder. 相似文献
15.
Sanghoon Lee Chris Podilchuk Vidhya Krishnan Alan C. Bovik 《The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing》2003,34(1-2):149-166
By exploiting new human-machine interface techniques, such as visual eyetrackers, it should be possible to develop more efficient visual multimedia services associated with low bandwidth, dynamic channel adaptation and robust visual data transmission. In this paper, we introduce foveation-based error resilience and unequal error protection techniques over highly error-prone mobile networks. Each frame is spatially divided into foveated and background layers according to perceptual importance. Perceptual importance is determined either through an eye tracker or by manually selecting a region of interest. We attempt to improve reconstructed visual quality by maintaining the high visual source throughput of the foveated layer using foveation-based error resilience and error correction using a combination of turbo codes and ARQ (automatic reQuest). In order to alleviate the degradation of visual quality, a foveation based bitstream partitioning is developed. In an effort to increase the source throughput of the foveated layer, we develop unequal delay-constrained ARQ (automatic reQuest) and rate compatible punctured turbo codes where the punctual pattern of RCPC (rate compatible punctured convolutional) codes in H.223 Annex C is used. In the simulation, the visual quality is significantly increased in the area of interest using foveation-based error resilience and unequal error protection; (as much as 3 dB FPSNR (foveal peak signal to noise ratio) improvement) at 40% packet error rate. Over real-fading statistics measured in the downtown area of Austin, Texas, the visual quality is increased up to 1.5 dB in PSNR and 1.8 dB in FPSNR at a channel SNR of 5 dB. 相似文献
16.
On the basis of new concept using a solid disperse phase we have developed an efficient catalytic solid-phase-system for epoxidations of alkenes using urea–hydrogen peroxide (urea–H2O2) complex and cetylpyridinium dodecatungstate ((CetylPy)10[H2W12O42]) catalyst on fluorapatite (FAp). The recovered solid catalyst phase was reused to keep the catalytic activity after several times. In the conceptual idea it is a key point that in situ solid-phase-activation of the catalyst with urea–H2O2 proceeds to form microcrystals of the active species dispersed on the solid phase. The dispersion of the catalyst on FAp in the case of tungstic acid (H2WO4) was suggested by EPMA analysis. We proposed the peroxo type of species keeping the parent polyoxometalate framework as novel active species from FT-IR spectroscopic studies. FAp phase plays important roles of dispersing the active species on its surface to have high catalytic activity and of stabilizing the active species to lead to high reusability. 相似文献
17.
The effect of oxygen content on superconductivity of the 2212 and 2223 phase has been studied. By comparing the excess oxygen, the modulation vector, the XRD patterns, and the electric resistivity of 2212 and 2223 phase samples obtained with different post-annealing conditions, i.e., annealing at 600°C or quenching from 860°C, it was found that the super-conductivity is markedly influenced by both the defect distribution in non-Bi layers and the interstitial oxygens incorporated in the Bi-O layers. A tentative explanation for this is given. 相似文献
18.
Phase separation during polymerization was studied in a model system consisting of a diepoxide based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), variable amounts of ethylenediamine (EDA) and the mass of castor oil (CO) necessary to obtain a mass fraction equal to 0-15 in a final system where the stoichiometric ratio of amine to epoxy equivalents, r, was equal to 1. A two-step polymerization process was performed by curing first a system with r = 0-5, during variable times before phase separation, and then carrying the system to r = 1. Thermodynamic analysis of samples with different r values led to a linear relationship between the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter and r. The concentration (P) and average size (D?) of dispersed-phase particles followed opposite trends, i.e. P increased while D? decreased, when either r was increased or the time of curing in the first step of a two-step process was decreased. This was explained by assuming that the competition between nucleation and growth was determined by the viscosity at the cloud point, ηcp. Low values of ηcp favoured growth over nucleation and led to fewer but larger particles. 相似文献
19.
Polyurethanes were prepared from pure 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,4-butane diol (BDO) or 1,2-ethane diol (EDO) and α,ω-hydroxyl poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) by reaction injection moulding (RIM). Hard segment (MDI + BDO or EDO) level was 45–50 wt%. The PPO had about 20% ethylene oxide copolymerized in at the chain ends to provide 80% primary OH end groups. Mn was varied from 2000 to 4000. Dibutyl tin dilaurate catalyst and mould temperature were varied. Dynamic mechanical, wide-angle X-ray, differential scanning calorimeter, molecular weight and tensile elongation measurements were made on the RIM polyurethanes. At low reaction rates (low catalyst or temperature) highly crystalline, well phase separated but low molecular weight polymers were produced. At high catalyst or temperature levels more poorly phase separated but high molecular weight, tough polymers resulted. Higher Mn PPO gave better phase separation and EDO gave higher melting temperatures. Preventing hard segment crystallinity by substituting asymmetric MDI or glycols resulted in phase compatibility. 相似文献
20.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) studies of 19F nuclei in a random copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene were performed at 9.14 MHz and 20.0 MHz. The free induction decays (FIDs) were analysed in terms of two T2 components attributed to the amorphous and crystalline portions of the polymer. The changes in crystallinity as well as the effects of the ferroelectric transition were observed during cycles of heating and cooling between 20°C and 140°C. The crystalline component of the FID lengthens by a factor of 2 at 100°C on heating and decreases by this factor at 60°C on cooling, thus exhibiting the thermal hysteresis of this ferroelectric transition. The spin-lattice relaxation was also investigated. From measurements at 9.14 MHz the observed longitudinal relaxation time T1 appears to be dominated by the dynamics of the amorphous phase and exhibits no anomaly through the phase transition. However, from measurements at 20 MHz, well defined minima of T1 were observed, which are associated with the ferroelectric transition (especially after repeated annealing of the samples). Results are discussed in terms of the crystalline phase structure, which appears dynamically disordered above the ferroelectric phase transition. An analogy is considered with the plastic phase transitions encountered in molecular crystals. 相似文献