新型光电子源离子迁移谱在检测四氯化碳中的应用

紫外光电离源是离子迁移谱中最重要的电离源之一,常被用来电离有机物,产生正离子。利用紫外光照射金属表面产生电子作为离子源,建立了一套光电子源离子迁移谱仪,由于卤化物具有较强的吸附电子能力,该装置可以应用于卤化物的检测。使用CCl4样品,得到了该装置的离子峰强度、半峰宽、分辨率随迁移管电场、离子门脉宽、离子门电压的变化关系,并进行了简单的理论分析。兼顾离子峰强度与分辨率,得到了优化的实验参数,在该参数下测量了CCl4的检测限达到4 ppb,线性范围跨越2个数量级。     

壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱测试系统设计

基于壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强技术,开发了一种新型的等离激元拉曼光谱测试系统,该系统能够有效地提高被测物质的拉曼反射信号强度。壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强技术采用包裹了极薄的二氧化硅或者氧化铝壳层的单层金纳米粒子,能够产生较强的表面增强效应。整个测试系统的硬件部分主要包括双处理器（ARM和DSP）主控板、半导体激光光源、光谱仪、光纤探头和粒子施加装置;软件部分能够自动获取被测物质的拉曼谱图。这里,粒子施加装置用于自动地将壳层隔绝纳米粒子施加到被测样本中。在实验中,将测试系统用于检测食品违禁添加物三聚氰胺和孔雀石绿,以验证壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱技术。实验结果表明,该测试系统具有较高的测试灵敏度和较短的测试时间,广泛地适用于食品安全中痕量物质快速检测。     

飞秒光学频率梳在精密测量中的应用

飞秒光学频率梳通过锁定飞秒锁模激光的重复频率和偏置频率至微波频率基准,在时域上得到重复频率稳定的飞秒脉冲激光,在频域上得到频率间隔稳定的激光频率梳。飞秒光学频率梳作为微波频率与光学频率的桥梁,可以实现对激光频率的直接精密计量,同时作为一种有别于传统连续波稳频激光的特殊激光光源,在激光频率标尺、绝对距离测量和精密光谱测量等光学精密测量领域都有着重要应用。综述了飞秒光学频率梳在若干光学精密测量应用中的研究进展、关键技术和研究动向,分析了其在未来光学测量中的重要作用。     

X射线在超晶格材料衍射中的相干性分析

X射线双晶衍射仪系统中受参考晶体分辨率等因素的影响,X射线的相干长度不超过1 μm.X射线在异质外延晶体材料内衍射时,不超过相干长度范围内厚度外延层中的衍射波会产生相干叠加,否则,产生非相干叠加.分子束外延(MBE)生长了短周期InGaAs/GaAs超晶格,在其摇摆曲线中观察到显示X射线在超晶格结构中衍射相干特征的多级卫星峰及Pendell(o)song干涉条纹,并利用相干光理论对超晶格结构信息诸如周期及"0"级峰位置等进行了分析.     

Morphology Transformation Pathway of Block Copolymer-Directed Cooperative Self-Assembly of ZnO Hybrid Films Monitored In Situ during Slot-Die Coating

Cooperative self-assembly (co-assembly) of diblock copolymers (DBCs) and inorganic precursors that takes inspiration from the rich phase separation behavior of DBCs can enable the realization of a broad spectrum of functional nanostructures with the desired sizes. In a DBC assisted sol–gel chemistry approach with polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) and ZnO, hybrid films are formed with slot-die coating. Pure DBC films are printed as control. In situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering measurements are performed to investigate the self-assembly and co-assembly process during the film formation. Combining complementary ex situ characterizations, several distinct regimes are differentiated to describe the morphological transformations from the initially solvent-dispersed to the ultimately solidified films. The comparison of the assembly pathway evidences that the key step in the establishment of the pure DBC film is the coalescence of spherical micelles toward cylindrical domains. Due to the presence of the phase-selective precursor, the formation of cylindrical aggregates in the solution is crucial for the structural development of the hybrid film. The pre-existing cylinders in the ink impede the domain growth of the hybrid film during the subsequent drying process. The precursor reduces the degree of order, prevents crystallization of the PEO block, and introduces additional length scales in the hybrid films.     

Negative giant surface potential of vacuum-evaporated tris(7-propyl-8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum(III) [Al(7-Prq)3] film

Negative giant surface potential was realized in a vacuum-evaporated film of tris(7-propyl-8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum(III) [Al(7-Prq)₃]. Electroabsorption response of the film presented an inverted polarity to that of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum (Alq₃), suggesting opposite noncentrosymmetry of molecular orientation. Asymmetric dice model with molecular geometric effect has been proposed, and propyl substitution at 7 position of the ligands was indicated to affects the molecular posture on the surface to invert the polarity of noncentrosymmetry. Our results opened a new possibility of controlling molecular orientation in a film for device applications.     

基于Talbot干涉的X射线光栅成像技术研究进展

从技术特点和研究热点的角度,综述了X射线光栅干涉成像技术与系统的国内外最新进展。介绍了具有代表性的基于Talbot-Lau干涉法的X射线光栅成像原理与系统结构,以及物质对X射线的衰减、折射与小角散射的多信息获取技术。综述了国内外对X射线光栅成像技术与系统的优化改进研究,主要包括光栅步进对高位置分辨率的松弛与大视场高分辨率光栅成像技术的实现。介绍了二维光栅与基于光栅的具有时间分辨率的四维成像技术的国内外最新发展动态。展望了X射线光栅成像技术的发展趋势。     

可调谐激光痕量气体检测中的数字滤波技术的优选

为改善可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)系统的检测性能,以浓度为50×10-6和17×10-6的H2S气体检测为例,根据TDLAS系统的噪声特征,选择了4种数字滤波技术并利用Visual C++软件分别编写了程序对二次谐波原始信号进行压噪和有效信号的提取。结果表明,采用非线性最小二乘法与数字平均滤波技术相结合,使系统理论检测极限由原来的30×10-6提高到了5×10-6量级;对于反演后气体的浓度信号则采用Kalman滤波进行再去噪,使信噪比提高了近8倍。比较结果表明,经过上述滤波处理,TDLAS系统的信噪比和检测极限性能有明显改善。本文的上述方法实际应用到我们的TDLAS在线工业排放气体的测量系统中,取得了良好的效果。     

Growth of highly (1 1 1) oriented CuIn0.75Al0.25Se2 thin films

CuIn_0.75Al_0.25Se₂ thin films prepared onto glass substrates at T_S=573 K were single phase, nearly stoichiometric and polycrystalline with a strong (1 1 1) preferred orientation showing sphalerite structure. The results of X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction studies are compared, interpreted and correlated with micro-Raman spectra. The optical absorption studies indicated a direct band gap of 1.16 eV with high absorption coefficient (>10⁴ cm^?1) near the fundamental absorption edge.