介质阻挡强电离放电合成高浓度臭氧的实验研究

研究了介质阻挡强电离放电非平衡等离子化学法合成臭氧的过程中折合电场强度,电介质厚度,放电间隙大小以及原料气流量等参数对臭氧产生浓度的影响规律。     

Separation Using Foaming Techniques

Abstract

Separation of various chemical components from each other is often the most difficult step in analytical procedures. The problems attached to separation become further magnified when the species concentations are extremely low. A group of techniques that has proven useful especially in dilute solutions for separating and concentrating metallic as well as nonmetallic ions and complexes, proteins, microorganisms, particulates, etc. is the adsorptive bubble separation techniques. Minerals have indeed been treated using some of these techniques for decades. The success of these processes is primarily dependent upon differences in the natural surface activity of various species or particulates in the system or in their tendency to associate with surfactants. The efficiency of the process is determined by such variables as solution pH, ionic strength, concentration of various activating and depressing agents, and temperature. A proper control of variables offers an opportunity to separate a variety of metallic and nonmetallic species and particulates. In this paper the principles governing various foam separation techniques, particularly froth flotation, are presented along with the recent results on the role of variables that can be controlled to achieve complete removal of species and particulates for analytical purposes.     

Profiling and Imaging of Phospholipids in Brains of Abcd1‐Deficient Mice

ABCD1 is a gene responsible for X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD), and is critical for the transport of very long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA) into peroxisomes and subsequent β‐oxidation. VLCFA‐containing lipids accumulate in X‐ALD patients, although the effect of ABCD1‐deficiency on each lipid species in the central nervous system has not been fully characterized. In this study, each phospholipid and lysophospholipid species in Abcd1‐deficient mice brains were profiled by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Among the phospholipid and lysophospholipid species that are significantly more enriched in Abcd1‐deficient mice brains, VLCFA were present in 75, 15, 5, 4, and 1 species of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, respectively. Most VLCFA were incorporated at the sn‐1 position of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Among the phospholipid species that are significantly less enriched in Abcd1‐deficient mice brains, odd‐numbered saturated or mono‐unsaturated fatty acyl moieties are contained in all phosphatidylcholine species. In addition, a number of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine species contained highly unsaturated fatty acyl moieties. Intriguingly, 44:1 phosphatidylcholine with VLCFA was mainly distributed in the gray matter, such as the cortex, but not in the white matter in the cerebrum and cerebellum. These results show that ABCD1‐deficiency causes metabolic alternation of long‐chain fatty acids and VLCFA. Moreover, our results imply a molecular mechanism for the incorporation of saturated or monounsaturated VLCFA into the sn‐1 position of phospholipids, and also indicate that the distribution of phospholipids with VLCFA may correlate with the development of X‐ALD.     

植物性食品中氯丹残留量快速测定方法

建立用气相色谱仪法快速测定植物性食品中氯丹残留量。试样经丙酮提取,正己烷萃取,使用HP-5色谱柱分离,ECD测定。结果表明,顺式氯丹、反式氯丹与氧氯丹能够很好分离,在0．2-100pg,L线性关系良好（r≥O．999）。在2．0-10．0．g／kg的添加水平范围内的平均回收率为82．8％-94．6％,相对标准偏差为2．0％-6．5％。顺式氯丹、反式氯丹与氧氯丹该方法检出限均为0．5gg／kg。     

负热电离质谱法测定核燃料裂变产物中钼同位素比值

钼同位素⁹⁵Mo、⁹⁷Mo、⁹⁸Mo、¹⁰⁰Mo是核燃料的重要裂变产物,为了测定辐照后核燃料元件裂变产物中钼同位素比值,以SrCl₂为发射剂,采用负热电离质谱法测定MoO₃^-。在单铼带模式下,钼涂样量为0.1 μg时可获得约2 h稳定离子流,同位素比值测定相对标准偏差（RSD）小于0.5‰。实验使用5个法拉第杯一次跳峰完成7个钼同位素测定,分别采集跳峰前后的m/z 143信号,并选作同位素比值分母,避免信号随时间波动引入误差。通过评价天然钼本底水平,表明质谱测定过程中铼带和试剂本底的干扰可忽略;通过求解六元一次方程组,可扣除MoO₃^-基团中氧同位素干扰;通过测定锆、钌、钼混合样品,表明该方法可减小锆、钌同量异位素干扰。实验对天然钼及裂变产物钼同位素比值进行了测定,通过数据修正扣除燃料元件中天然钼干扰,可获得燃料元件裂变产物中钼同位素比值。     

氟喹诺酮类抗生素的表面解吸常压化学电离质谱行为研究

采用表面解吸常压化学电离质谱（DAPCI-MS）技术对5种氟喹诺酮类化合物进行多级串联质谱研究,获得了各化合物的多级质谱信息。通过比较各化合物质谱裂解途径的异同,发现在正离子检测模式下,氟喹诺酮类化合物在碰撞诱导解离过程中均产生中性丢失44 u（CO₂）、28 u（CO）、20 u（HF）、18 u（H₂O）的离子峰。如果结构中含有哌嗪环取代基,脱羧后可观察到哌嗪环的重排反应,生成丢失43 u（C₂H₃NH₂）和57 u（CH₃-CH₂-N[CDS1]CH₂）的碎片离子,这可作为“诊断”其他氟喹诺酮类化合物和结构类似物的特征。该方法无需样品预处理,不使用有机溶剂,分析速度快,是一种无污染、无毒、原位、无损的分析方法,可为痕量药物分析提供新的思路。     

Lipid and Phospholipid Profiling of Biological Samples Using MALDI Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry

Here we describe a study of the feasibility of lipid and phospholipid (PL) profiling using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) for two different applications. In this work PL profiles of different mammalian tissues as well as those of whole cell organisms were examined. In particular, comparative analysis of lipid and PL profiles of tissues from mice fed different diets was done and, in another application, MALDI FTMS was used to analyze PL profiles of genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Computational sorting of the observed ions was done in order to group the lipid and PL ions from complex MALDI spectra. The PL profiles of liver tissues from mice fed different diets showed a cross correlation coefficient of 0.2580, indicating significant dissimilarity, and revealed more than 30 significantly different peaks at the 99.9% confidence level. Histogram plots derived from the spectra of wild type and genetically modified yeast resulted in a cross correlation coefficient 0.8941 showing greater similarity, but still revealing a number of significantly different peaks. Based on these results, it appears possible to use MALDI FTMS to identify PLs as potential biomarkers for metabolic processes in whole cells and tissues.     

铼基电镀铂工艺研究

以热表面电离质谱计用铼带为基底材料,对比了多种电镀铂体系。结果表明,磷酸盐体系电镀效果最好。分析了各种工艺参数对镀层质量的影响,确定了铼基电镀铂的最佳工艺条件为:H2PtCl6(以Pt计)0.2g/L,(NH4)2HPO440g/L,Na2HPO4140g/L,十二烷基磺酸钠0.01g/L,温度85°C,阴极电流密度4A/dm2,电镀时间20min。适当的真空热处理有助于获得光亮平整、结合力良好的镀层。X射线能谱分析表明,铂镀层厚度可达微米级。     

Quantification of Pentafluorobenzyl Oxime Derivatives of Long Chain Aldehydes by GC–MS Analysis

Negative ion mass spectrometric techniques, for compounds having good ionization properties, such as pentafluorobenzyl derivatives, are believed to be more sensitive than positive ion methods. Preparation of PFB oximes of fatty aldehydes from crude lipid extracts is problematic due to the release of free aldehydes from plasmalogens during derivatization. Accordingly, in these studies plasmalogens were removed by silicic acid column chromatography prior to pentafluorobenzyl derivatization. This simple purification step to remove plasmalogens is shown to facilitate the quantification of long-chain aldehydes by analysis of their pentafluorobenzyl oxime derivatives utilizing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the negative ion chemical ionization mode. The limit of detection for long chain fatty aldehydes using this method is 0.5 pmol and it is linear over two orders of magnitude. Silicic acid column chromatography followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry demonstrated that plasmalogens were removed (the detection limit for this analyses was ≤0.3 pmol). Furthermore, we have exploited the utility and sensitivity of this method to identify increases in hexadecanal and octadecanal in 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole treated human neutrophils. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.