多轴向经编复合材料预制件的几何模型

为更好地了解复杂多轴向经编复合材料预制件的细观结构,在对多轴向经编复合材料预制件结构特征进行研究的基础上,通过合理假设,从细观几何角度出发,建立了带有短切毡的多轴向经编复合材料预制件单元结构模型.利用这个模型推导几何结构特征参数和加工工艺参数之间的关系,得出多轴向经编复合材料预制件理论纤维体积分数公式.以不同规格的多轴...     

Development of low-loss lead-germanate glass for mid-infrared fiber optics: II. preform extrusion and fiber fabrication

For lead-germanate glass fibers, reducing the content of hydroxyl (OH) groups and the formation of metallic Pb species is essential to pave the way for their applications as low-loss mid-IR fiber optics since OH and metallic Pb species cause intense absorption and scattering loss, respectively, in the mid-IR spectral range. The first part of this study reported the optimization of the glass melting procedure to obtain low amount of OH while preventing formation of metallic Pb species in lead-germanate glass. Here, the second part of this study reports the investigation of the process conditions to fabricate low-loss lead-germanate glass fiber through further understanding of the co-effects of glass melting and heat treatment atmospheres on the formation of nano- and micron-scale metallic Pb species in both the as-produced and heat treated lead-germanate glasses. Finally, using this advance in knowledge, we successfully fabricated low-loss lead-germanate glass fibers with no presence of reduced metallic Pb particles by optimizing dehydration agent, glass melting, preform extrusion and fiber drawing conditions. The optimized fabrication conditions reduced the unstructured fiber loss by almost one order to <0.3 dB/m at 1.55 μm.     

Densification rate and mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites with layer-designed preform

In this work, carbon fiber needle-punching preforms were designed into two structure according to the density change along the thickness direction. One structure is designed to two layers with low-density layer and high-density layer, and the other is to three layers with low-density exterior layer and high-density interior layer. Then the effect of the preform with different structure on the densification rate and compressive properties of C/C composites was investigated. The results show that both two designed preforms can effectively avoid surface blocking, and lead to the faster densification rate of C/C composites during the chemical vapor infiltration processes. These results are attributable to the change of pore size distribution and pyrocarbon thickness, which was caused by fiber architecture designs. Meanwhile, these structural changes can improve the compressive strength of C/C composites, especially for the three-layer preforms. When the density of preforms is 0.45?g/cm³, C/C composites with three-layer preform has the highest compressive strength. The damage of most C/C composites with two and three-layer preforms is caused by shear or delamination failure, while that of C/C composites with common preforms usually caused by matrix collapse. Cracks in C/C composites with two and three-layer preforms always happened on the low-density layer, and consequently ceased or changed propagation direction in the interface between two layers.     

130转向节成型问题的探讨

通过改进预锻模膛的设计，利用镦粗成型、反挤成型的原理，有效解决了130转向节板部模锻成型时充不满的问题。     

B4C包覆ZTA颗粒增强铁基复合材料制备与性能

ZTA (ZrO₂增韧Al₂O₃)陶瓷颗粒表面包覆B₄C微粉,将其制备成蜂窝状结构陶瓷预制体。采用传统重力浇注工艺将陶瓷预制体与熔融的高铬铸铁(HCCI)金属溶液进行复合,获得ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料。对复合材料中ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强相与高铬铸铁基体之间的界面及复合材料的耐磨料磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明,ZTA陶瓷颗粒与高铬铸铁界面结合处形成了明显的过渡区域,界面过渡区域的存在提高了陶瓷颗粒与金属基体的结合,从而提升了复合材料的整体稳定性能。同时,三体磨料磨损试验表明该复合材料的耐磨料磨损性能是高铬铸铁的3.5倍左右。     

碳纤维预制体结构对C/C复合材料及其螺栓力学性能的影响

以2D碳纤维预制体为增强体, 采用电耦合和等温化学气相渗联合工艺制备C/C复合材料, 研究不同预制体结构对C/C复合材料及其螺栓力学性能的影响。结果表明, 不同预制体结构增强的C/C复合材料表现出不同的力学行为。对于针刺结构, 随着针刺密度由35 pin/cm ²降至25 pin/cm ², C/C复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度分别由60.1、119.9 MPa增大至69.5、176.8 MPa; 随着碳纱丝束由12 K变为3 K, C/C复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度分别由69.5、176.8 MPa增大至105.5、184.4 MPa。对于12 K双向缝合结构, C/C复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度分别为68.1、123.7 MPa。不同碳纤维预制体结构增强的C/C复合材料力学性能的差异主要取决于长纤维的完整性、大孔的分布和数量等因素。C/C复合材料的螺栓性能由于体材料性能和加工过程中缺陷的影响, 其拉伸强度略低于其体材料, 并表现出更为明显的脆性断裂模式。     

光棒废料改性环氧树脂复合材料的制备和性能

将光棒废料烘干、破碎、煅烧和研磨,分别由KH-570和A-151表面改性制备KH-570/SiO₂和A-151/SiO₂废料粉末,再把改性前后的粉末分别与EP共混固化制备出复合材料。疏水性测试、FT-IR和SEM观测的结果表明,两种偶联剂对废料颗粒的改性效果较好,其中A-151的改性效果更好。几种复合材料拉伸性能的排序为A-151/SiO₂/EP＞KH-570/SiO₂/EP＞未改性粉末/EP,且粉末填充质量分数为20%的材料拉伸性能最优,其拉伸强度分别为49.37 MPa、45.57 MPa、44.36 MPa,比纯EP固化物分别提高了19.9%、10.7%和7.8%,断裂伸长率的提高量最大,比纯EP固化物分别提高了0.92%、0.82%和0.46%。改性效果好的废料粉末填充制备的复合材料,其耐热性能更优。     

Design,preparation, and structure of particle preforms for Si3N4（p）/Si3N4 radome composites prepared using chemical vapor infiltration process

A particle preform was designed and prepared by conglomerating and cold-pressed process, which was condensed by chemical vapor infiltration （CVI） process to fabricate silicon nitride particles reinforced silicon nitride composites. The conglomerations are of almost sphericity after conglomerated. There are large pores among the conglomerations and small pores within themselves in the preform according to the design and the test of pore size distribution. The pore size of the preform is characterized by a double-peak distribution. The pore size distribution is influenced by conglomeration size. Large pores among the conglomerations still exist after infiltrated Si3N4 matrix. The conglomerations, however, are very compact. The CVI Si3N4 looks like cauliflowershaped structure. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

Sol-Gel法制备非晶态SiO2玻璃光纤预制棒“干胶”工艺研究

为采用Sol-Gel法制备低廉的SiO2光纤预制棒芯棒,讨论了以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,乙醇和水的混合物为溶剂,盐酸和甲酰胺为添加剂,用Sol-Gel法制备非晶态SiO2干胶的制备工艺.用XRD衍射仪等进行测试,结果表明,干胶的显微结构为SiO2非晶态,主要化学成分是Si和O.同时探讨了添加剂、热处理温度等制备工艺对生成的非晶态SiO2光纤预制棒"干胶"性能的影响.实验表明,溶胶加热温度在90℃、凝胶热处理温度为110℃、溶液配比为正硅酸乙酯:乙醇:水=1:4:8、加入适量的盐酸和甲酰胺,SiO2干胶透明度、纯度和减少裂纹扩展情况最佳.     

复合材料预制件单面双针缝合装备技术研究

缝合技术能有效改善复合材料层间强度、提高损伤容限,通过缝合连接可以制备整体成型结构件。基于工业缝纫机工作原理,通过研究引线针、钩线针在形成线圈过程中的配合,建立了双针运动行程关系,并设计了凸轮曲柄连杆机构实现双针协同运动,将单面双针缝合头与三轴联动平台结合缝合预制件。探索双针夹角对线圈成型的影响,实验结果显示双针夹角为45°~60°时稳定形成线圈概率最高,达到90%,夹角过大或过小都会使线圈形成概率降低,实验验证了单面双针缝合装备结构设计的合理性,为装备优化提供了理论依据。