A review on some classes of algebraic systems

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we review some algebraic control system. Precisely, linear and bilinear systems on Euclidean spaces and invariant and linear systems on Lie groups. The fourth classes of systems have a common issue: to any class, there exists an associated subgroup. From this object, we survey the controllability property. Especially, from those coming from our contribution to the theory.     

Demonstration of a tool for automatic learning and re-use of knowledge in the activated sludge process.

Wastewater treatment plant operators encounter complex operational problems related to the activated sludge process and usually respond to these by applying their own intuition and by taking advantage of what they have learnt from past experiences of similar problems. However, previous process experiences are not easy to integrate in numerical control, and new tools must be developed to enable re-use of plant operating experience. The aim of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of a case-based reasoning (CBR) approach to apply learning and re-use of knowledge gained during past incidents to confront actual complex problems through the IWA/COST Benchmark protocol. A case study shows that the proposed CBR system achieves a significant improvement of the benchmark plant performance when facing a high-flow event disturbance.     

On the linear correlation between microhardness and mechanical properties in polar polymers and blends

The tensile elastic modulus (E), yield stress (σ_Y) and microhardness (MH) of neat and binary and ternary blends of glassy semicrystalline ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), a glassy amorphous polyamide and a semicrystalline nylon‐containing ionomer covering a broad range of properties were examined. The tests were carried out on dry and water‐equilibrated samples to produce stiffer and softer materials, respectively. From the results, more accurate linear correlations were found to describe adequately the microhardness, modulus and yield stress of these strongly self‐associated polymers through hydrogen bonding. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Josef Maria Bro?ek (1913-2004).

Presents an obituary and information about the life and accomplishments of Josef Maria Bro?ek. Born August 14, 1913, in the ancient town of Melnik, in central Bohemia, today the Czech Republic, Josef spent his childhood in Poland (Warsaw, 1913- 1915) and in Siberia (1915-1920). His education in Czechoslovakia culminated with a thesis on "Memory, Its Measurement and Structure" and a PhD awarded in June 1937. In the history of psychology, his lifetime project bore the title "Historiography of Psychology Around the World," and it covered about 20 geographical areas. Extensive attention was devoted to institutional and organizational developments as journals, academic settings, archives, museums, research groups, conferences, and institutes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On trading wavelengths with fibers: a cost-performance based study

We consider the effect of multiple fibers on wavelength division multiplexing networks without wavelength conversion. We study networks with dynamic wavelength routing and develop accurate analytical models to compare various possible options using single- and multiple-fiber networks. We use results of an analytical model and simulation-based studies to evaluate the blocking performance and cost of multifiber networks. The number of fibers required providing high performance in multifiber networks and their costs are compared. A case is made for using multiple fibers in each link with fewer wavelengths instead of using a single fiber with many wavelengths. In particular, we show that a network with four fibers per link and with four wavelengths on each fiber without any wavelength conversion on any node yields similar same performance as the networks with one fiber per link and 16 wavelengths per fiber on each link and with full wavelength conversion capability on all nodes. In addition, the multifiber network may also offer the cost advantage depending on the relative cost of components. We develop a parametric cost model to show that multiple fibers in each link are an attractive option. Finally, such multifiber networks also has fault tolerance, with respect to a single fiber failure, already built into the system.     

Wear and Creep Characteristics of a Carbon‐Derived Si3N4/SiC Micro/Nanocomposite

In the presented work some properties of a recently developed Si₃N₄/SiC micro/nanocomposite have been investigated. The material was tested using a pin on disc configuration. Under unlubricated sliding conditions using Si₃N₄ pin at 50 % humidity, the friction coefficient was in the range of 0,6 ‐ 0,7. The reduction of humidity resulted in a lower coefficient of friction, in vacuum the coefficient of friction had a value of about 0,6. The wear resistance in vacuum was significantly lower then that in air. The wear patterns on the Si₃N₄+SiC disc revealed that mechanical fracture was the wear controlling mechanism. Creep tests were realized in four point bending configuration in the temperature interval 1200‐1400 °C at stresses 50,100 and 150 MPa and the minimal creep deformation rate was established for each stress level. The activation energy, established from the minimal creep deformation had a value of about 360 kJ/mol and the stress exponent values were in the range of 0.8‐1.28. From the achieved stress exponents it can be assumed that under the studied load/temperature conditions the diffusion creep was the most probable creep controlling mechanism.     

Morphological changes induced by colchicine in the chick optic cup in early stages of development. A stereological study

In this study chick embryo optic cups at HH stage 13 of development were analyzed under normal conditions and after inoculation with colchicine for 1, 2, 4, and 8 h. Several changes were seen after these periods of treatment: 1) modifications of the structure, with thicker regions in the cup and a general decrease in the total volume according to the duration of exposure to the drug (about 4 times less than normal, 5,035 x 10(3) microns 3 vs 1,334 x 10(3) microns 3 after 8 h of treatment); 2) enlargement of the ventricular cavity and its closure, due to failure of approximation of retinal and pigmentary layers; 3) failure of lens development, with delay and impairment of pit formation and deformation of all structures; lens volume was less than normal (about 4 times less, 2,148 x 10(3) microns 3 vs 658 x 10(3) microns 3 after 8 h of treatment); 4) a general segregation of the cells making up the structure, principally in the more active proliferating zones. The local alterations found are described.     

Genetic Identification of Lophius budegassa and L. piscatorius by PCR-RFLP Analysis of a Mitochondrial tRNAGlu/Cytochrome bSegment

Identification of Lophius budegassa(black‐bellied angler) and L. piscatorius(angler) (Lophiiformes) was carried out on the amplification of a 486 bp tRNA^Glu/cytochrome b segment using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Direct DNA sequencing of 6 PCR products was carried out. Six restriction endonucleases (AluI, CfoI, HaeIII, HinfI, Mae, and ScrFI) with different species‐specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were selected. Digestions of PCR products from 30 individuals showed no intraspecific polymorphism. Double digestions (CfoI and HinfI, and HaeIII and ScrFI) were simpler and more rapid than single digestions. This technique is suitable for distinguishing tails of both Lophius species.