Theoretical investigation of intrinsic point defects and the oxygen migration behavior in rare earth hafnates

In this work, the composition-dependent point defect types and formation energies of RE₂Hf₂O₇ (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu and Gd) as well as the oxygen diffusion behavior are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The possible defect reactions and dominant defect complexes under stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions are revealed. It is found that O Frenkel pairs are the predominant defect in stoichiometric pyrochlore hafnates. Hf-RE cation anti-site defects, accompanied by RE vacancies and/or oxygen interstitials, are stable in the non-stoichiometric case of HfO₂ excess. On the other hand, RE-Hf anti-site defects together with oxygen vacancies and/or RE interstitials are preferable in the case of RE₂O₃ excess. The energy barriers for the migration along the V_O48f - V_O48f pathway of pyrochlore hafnates were calculated to be between 0.81 eV and 0.89 eV. Based on these results, a defect engineering strategy is proposed and the pyrochlore hafnates investigated here are predicted to exhibit potential oxygen ionic conductivity.     

基于VMD和BSA-KELM的高陡边坡位移预测模型研究

边坡位移的时间序列曲线存在复杂的非线性特性,传统的预测模型精度不足以满足预测要求。为此提出了基于变分模态分解的鸟群优化-核极限学习机的预测模型,并用于河北省某水泥厂的边坡位移预测。该方法首先采用VMD把边坡位移序列分解为一系列的有限带宽的子序列,再对各子序列分别采用相空间重构并用核极限学习机预测,采用鸟群算法优化相空间重构的嵌入维度和KELM中惩罚系数和核参数三个数值,以取得最优预测模型。最后将各个子序列预测值叠加,得到边坡位移的最终预测值。结果表明：和KELM、BSA-KELM、EEMD-BSA-KELM模型相比,基于VMD的BSA-KELM预测精度更高,为边坡位移的预测提供一种有效的方法。     

Fabrication of crescent-shaped ceramic microparticles based on single emulsion microfluidics

Ceramic microparticles have great potentials in various fields such as materials engineering, biotechnology, microelectromechanical systems, etc. Morphology of the microparticle performs an important role on their application. To date, it remains difficult to find an effective and controllable way for fabricating nonspherical ceramic microparticles with 3D features. This work demonstrates a method that combines UV light lithography and single emulsion opaque-droplet-templated microfluidic molding to prepare the crescent-shaped ceramic microparticles. By tailoring the intensity of UV light and flow rate of fluid, the shapes of microparticles are accordingly tuned. Therefore, varieties of crescent-shaped microparticles and their variations have been fabricated. After sintering, the crescent-shaped alumina ceramic microparticles were obtained. Benefitting from the light absorption and scattering behavior of most ceramic nanoparticles, this system can serve as a general platform to produce crescent-shaped microparticles made from different materials, and hold great potentials for applications in microrobotics, structural materials in MEMS, and biotechnology.     

25%小偏置碰撞策略及测试评估研究

随着汽车事故的增加,且小重叠碰撞事故死亡率居高不下,小偏置碰撞试验逐渐成为焦点。基于IIHS公布的最新车辆碰撞试验结果,统计超过100余款不同类型的25%小偏置碰撞车辆,建立碰撞转角与碰撞区域的数学模型,将25%小偏置碰撞归结为三种不同的碰撞策略,分别是吸能策略、掠过策略和掠过与吸能策略;并进行试验验证,对三种策略的优缺点进行分析。结果表明,小偏置碰撞试验可运用合理的碰撞策略达到法规要求,对25%小偏置碰撞试验具有一定的参考价值。     

“电工学”国家级一流课程建设与实践

根据新时代新工科人才需求特点和电工学课程特点,分析非电专业学生的电类实践需求,提出构建电工学课程为核心的电工电子实践创新能力培养新体系。通过优化教学内容、开展教学模式和考核模式改革、构建教学资源体系和进行教师队伍建设,使我校电工学课程教学质量提升、学生工程实践和创新能力提高、学生满意度增加、一流课程建设成效显著。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测糕点中6种甜味剂

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定糕点中6种常用合成甜味剂的分析方法。方法选用超纯水作为提取溶剂,涡旋和超声提取后,低温离心,取部分上清液加入正己烷除脂,Waters Atlantis■T3色谱柱、甲醇-5 mmol/L甲酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)作为流动相、亲水亲脂平衡型固相萃取柱HLB(hydrophile-lipophile balance)净化。结果6种甜味剂在质量浓度为10~200 ng/mL的曲线范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r均大于0.999,平均加标回收率在85.0%-98.2%之间,相对平均偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为1.3%~6.7%。结论该方法具有前处理简单、灵敏度高、检测速度快等优点,适合糖精钠、甜蜜素、三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、阿力甜、纽甜的检测,但不适用于安赛蜜的检测。     

一种飞行计划航段自动激活方法

飞机从一个航段飞向下一个航段时,需要对下个航段是否激活进行判断.提出了一种新的飞行计划航段自动激活方法,通过获取飞机当前位置及其磁差,并结合临近的3个航路点对应位置的磁差经纬度,分别计算3个航路点与飞机位置对应的磁航向角,通过磁航向角之间做差进行比较,进而判断是否被激活.算法推导完成后,通过基于模型的系统工程工具SCADE SUITE进行了建模,并结合杰普逊航图进行了实际数据采样与仿真.仿真结果表明:该航段自动激活方法能够有效稳定地激活下一航段,比传统方法计算简便,方法实用有效.已在实际飞行中成功应用,达到了预期效果.     

煤炭资源型城市转型模式研究：以徐州贾汪区为例

煤炭资源型城市为我国经济发展提供了重要的资源和能源支持,研究资源型城市转型的经验模式对调整区域经济结构、确保社会稳定和改善生态环境具有重要的实践意义。本文采用文献综述法和实证分析法,研究我国东部煤炭资源枯竭型城市转型所面临的共性难题,并以徐州贾汪区转型探索经历为例,总结城市转型的"徐州贾汪区模式",主要包括放大正向外部效应、长期坚持矿地融合、大力建设矿区社会生态系统恢复力三条路径。研究结果表明,煤炭城市转型发展的共性问题相互联系、相互影响,是一个系统性难题,必须引入系统性思维。我国东部矿区普遍人口密集,农业发达、沉陷积水是最主要的共性特征,煤炭开采产生的社会问题、经济问题、生态问题、环境问题基本相同,转型发展模式值得互鉴。