Polymer electrets and their applications

Polymer electrets have revealed great potential application in electromechanical devices because of the low weight, large quasi-piezoelectric sensitivity, and excellent flexibility. For an electret, a permanent and macroscopic electric field exists on the surface, principally led by a macroscopic electrostatic charge on the surface or a net orientation of polar groups inside the object. Here, progress in the development of polymer electrets is reviewed. After a brief retrospect of the research courses and those typical polymer electrets that are classified into fluorine polymer and nonfluorine polymer, we present a survey on the charging methods, including corona, soft X-ray, contact, thermal and monoenergetic particle beams. The latest representative applications (i.e., power harvesting, sensors, field effect transistors, and biomedicine) based on polymer electrets are also summarized. Finally, we complete this review with a discussion on perspectives and challenges in this field.     

西藏燕麦主要种植区灌溉定额空间分布及影响因素

燕麦为西藏自治区典型牧草之一,由于种植区地域辽阔,灌溉试验结果受限,西藏燕麦主要种植区的灌溉定额尚不明确。本文在西藏燕麦主要种植区内选取28个典型站点进行资料收集,遵循农业气候相似原则进行区域划分,基于水量平衡法揭示了西藏燕麦主要种植区灌溉定额的空间分布特征,并根据统计学原理分析了其影响因素。研究表明:燕麦主要种植区的灌溉定额呈由西藏中部至东部呈现先递增后递减的趋势,50%水文年下的燕麦灌溉定额在56~265 mm之间变化。降雨量是影响研究区内燕麦灌溉定额的主要因素(R²为0.515),ET₀次之(R²为0.152);其它气象因素中,日照时数对研究区燕麦灌溉定额影响较大(R²为0.462),且呈正相关关系;相对湿度对燕麦灌溉定额影响较小。西藏燕麦主要种植区的灌溉定额及其空间分布可为西藏自治区灌溉用水管理提供支撑。     

基于形态特征提取的急性下壁心肌梗死BiLSTM网络辅助诊断算法

急性下壁心肌梗死是一种病发急、进展快、致死率高的心脏疾病,该文提出一种新颖的基于形态特征提取的BiLSTM神经网络分类的急性下壁心肌梗死辅助诊断算法,可大幅度提高医生对急性下壁心肌梗死疾病的诊断效率并有助于及时确诊.算法包括:对胸痛中心数据库心拍信号进行降噪及心拍分割;根据临床心内科医学诊断指南提取了12导联波形距离特征和分导联波形幅值特征;依据提取的特征搭建LSTM与BiLSTM神经网络进行心拍的分类识别;使用PTB公开数据库和胸痛中心数据库多临床中心进行交叉验证.实验结果表明,加入胸痛中心真实临床数据后,基于形态特征提取BiLSTM神经网络的急性下壁心肌梗死辅助诊断算法准确率达到99.72％,精度达到99.53％,灵敏度达到100.00％,同时F1-Score达到99.76.该算法比其他现有算法准确率提高至少1％,该项研究具有非常重要的临床应用价值.     

智慧标识网络服务机理研究进展及安全性分析

随着互联网规模的不断扩大以及应用场景的多元化,传统网络无法很好地满足新业务的动态多样化需求,因此国内外对未来网络展开了深入研究.本文首先介绍了未来互联网体系架构的研究现状.其次,介绍了具备"三层、两域"特征的智慧标识网络(Smart Identifier NETwork,SINET)体系架构,然后重点阐述了SINET服务机理在服务的命名与解析、路由机制、服务缓存、移动性、传输控制机制、可扩展性、绿色节能等关键技术方面取得的研究进展,并进一步详细分析了SINET服务机理的安全性.最后总结了SINET面临的挑战,对SINET服务机理在大规模场景部署中可能存在的问题做出讨论.     

IRS辅助的SWIPT系统中基于能效优先的波束成形设计与优化

以智能反射面(intelligent reflecting surface,IRS)辅助的无线携能通信(simultaneous wireless information and power transfer,SWIPT)系统为背景,研究了该系统中基于能效优先的多天线发送端有源波束成形与IRS无源波束成形联合设计与优化方法。以最大化接收端的最小能效为优化目标,构造在发送端功率、接收端能量阈值、IRS相移等多约束下的非线性优化问题,用交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)求解。采用Dinkelbach算法转化目标函数,通过奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)和半定松弛(semi-definite relaxation,SDR)得到发送端有源波束成形向量。采用SDR得到IRS相移矩阵与反射波束成形向量。结果表明,该系统显著降低了系统能量收集(energy harvesting,EH)接收端的能量阈值。当系统总电路功耗为?15 dBm时,所提方案的用户能效为300 KB/J。当IRS反射阵源数与发送天线数均为最大值时,系统可达最大能效。     

有机-无机压电材料TMCM-MnCl3的研究

有机-无机压电材料是一种分子铁电体，具有柔性、结构灵活、易成膜、全液相合成及环保节能等优点，可满足新一代薄膜器件及可穿戴设备的需求。该文以三甲基卤代甲基铵(TMXM, X=F, Cl, Br)为有机部分，MnCl₂为无机部分，通过溶液蒸发法制备了具有钙钛矿分子结构的有机-无机压电材料三甲基氯三氯化锰(TMCM-MnCl₃)，并对其分子结构组成、压电、热学、声学及铁电性进行表征。结果表明，TMCM-MnCl₃的压电常数为106 pC/N，居里温度为130 ℃，声阻抗值约为16.5 MRayl，低于压电陶瓷PZT-4(大于33 MRayl)，具有广阔的应用前景。     

TEMPO氧化修饰的天然多糖纳米纤维增强复合材料及其功能化研究进展

纤维素和几丁质具有相似的结构，是自然界中储量丰富的两类天然多糖。经2, 2, 6, 6-四甲基哌啶氮氧化物(TEMPO)氧化修饰制备的纤维素和几丁质纳米纤维，不仅具有多糖类物质的良好亲水性、生物可降解性、生物相容性及丰富的官能团(羟基、羧基、乙酰氨基和氨基等)所带来的特定化学性质，而且还具有纳米纤维的纳米尺寸效应、大比表面积、高表面活性、高结晶度和手性液晶相结构等特点，已成为生物质纳米材料领域的研究重点之一。本文对TEMPO氧化修饰制备天然多糖纳米纤维的方法及剥离机制进行了总结，同时重点综述了TEMPO氧化修饰的天然多糖纳米纤维在薄膜、凝胶、导电、医用、电磁屏蔽及环境等复合材料的增强和功能升级等方面的研究进展，强调了纤维素和几丁质纳米纤维的官能团及纳米尺寸在复合材料中的增效机制。最后，对天然多糖纳米纤维的发展方向及其在各领域应用的机遇与挑战进行了展望。     

Optical design of the Lyman alpha based beam emission spectroscopy(LAB)diagnostic on the HL-2A tokamak

In this article, we present the optical design of a novel diagnostic on the HL-2 A tokamak, i.e. the20-channel edge Lyman-alpha beam emission spectroscopy, which is a promising solution for edge density turbulence research on tokamaks, as it offers the possibility of density fluctuation measurement with a 3.3 mm spatial resolution while maintains a high temporal resolution of1 μs. The optical path, including the reflective collection optics, the high-dispersion spectrometer, and the linear detector array, is carefully optimized to obtain a good image quality and a high throughput. The maximum root mean square radius of the collection optics is 64 μm.The detected photon flux is estimated to be about 10~(11) photons/s/channel.     

掺钪AlN材料特性及HBAR器件性能研究

该文基于掺钪AlN薄膜制备了高次谐波体声波谐振器(HBAR),研究了钪(Sc)掺杂浓度对AlN压电薄膜材料特性及器件性能的影响。研究表明,当掺入Sc的摩尔分数从0增加到25%时,压电应力系数e₃₃增加、刚度 下降,导致Al₁-_xSc_xN压电薄膜的机电耦合系数 从5.6%提升至15.8%,从而使HBAR器件的有效机电耦合系数 提升了3倍。同时,当Sc掺杂摩尔分数达25%时,Al₁-_xSc_xN(x为Sc掺杂摩尔分数)压电薄膜的声速下降13%,声学损耗提高,导致HBAR器件的谐振频率和品质因数降低。     

Effect of cooking temperature on texture and flavour binding of braised sauce porcine skin

To investigate the effect of cooking temperature (55, 65, 75, 85 and 95 °C) on texture and flavour binding of braised sauce porcine skin (BSPS), sensory acceptance, microstructure and flavour-binding capacity were investigated during the processing of BSPS. Samples cooked at 85 and 95 °C showed better texture and aroma scores. Hardness and chewiness of BSPS were obviously improved at 85 and 95 °C than control group. Collagen structure was significantly destroyed over 85 °C. The porcine skin collagen heated at 85 and 95 °C showed relatively higher flavour-binding capacity than other samples. The improvement of texture of BSPS was mainly attributed to the degradation of collagen. Higher aroma scores of BSPS were related to intense binding abilities with aroma compounds at 85 and 95 °C. Cooking at 85 or 95 °C could be an optimal cooking temperature for BSPS.