Noncentrosymmetric Tetrel Pnictides RuSi4P4 and IrSi3P3: Nonlinear Optical Materials with Outstanding Laser Damage Threshold

Noncentrosymmetric (NCS) tetrel pnictides have recently generated interest as nonlinear optical (NLO) materials due to their second harmonic generation (SHG) activity and large laser damage threshold (LDT). Herein nonmetal-rich silicon phosphides RuSi₄P₄ and IrSi₃P₃ are synthesized and characterized. Their crystal structures are reinvestigated using single crystal X-ray diffraction and ²⁹Si and ³¹P magic angle spinning NMR. In agreement with previous report RuSi₄P₄ crystallizes in NCS space group P1, while IrSi₃P₃ is found to crystallize in NCS space group Cm, in contrast with the previously reported space group C2. A combination of DFT calculations and diffuse reflectance measurements reveals RuSi₄P₄ and IrSi₃P₃ to be wide bandgap (E_g) semiconductors, E_g = 1.9 and 1.8 eV, respectively. RuSi₄P₄ and IrSi₃P₃ outperform the current state-of-the-art infrared SHG material, AgGaS₂, both in SHG activity and laser inducer damage threshold. Due to the combination of high thermal stabilities (up to 1373 K), wide bandgaps (≈2 eV), NCS crystal structures, strong SHG responses, and large LDT values, RuSi₄P₄ and IrSi₃P₃ are promising candidates for longer wavelength NLO materials.     

Utilizing sensor data to model students’ creativity in a digital environment

While creativity is essential for developing students’ broad expertise in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields, many students struggle with various aspects of being creative. Digital technologies have the unique opportunity to support the creative process by (1) recognizing elements of students’ creativity, such as when creativity is lacking (modeling step), and (2) providing tailored scaffolding based on that information (intervention step). However, to date little work exists on either of these aspects. Here, we focus on the modeling step. Specifically, we explore the utility of various sensing devices, including an eye tracker, a skin conductance bracelet, and an EEG sensor, for modeling creativity during an educational activity, namely geometry proof generation. We found reliable differences in sensor features characterizing low vs. high creativity students. We then applied machine learning to build classifiers that achieved good accuracy in distinguishing these two student groups, providing evidence that sensor features are valuable for modeling creativity.     

Annular‐ring slot antenna designs with circular polarization radiation

The design of a microstrip‐fed annular‐ring slot antenna (ARSA) with circular polarization (CP) radiation is initially studied. To obtain CP radiation with broad 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth that can cover the WiMAX 2.3 GHz (2305–2320 MHz, 2345–2360 MHz) and WLAN 2.4 GHz (2400–2480 MHz) bands, a novel technique of extending an inverted L‐shaped slot from the bottom section of the annular‐ring is proposed. To suppress the harmonic modes induced by the CP ARSA, the technique of integrating a defected ground structure into the annular‐ring slot is further introduced. From the measured results, 10‐dB impedance bandwidth and 3‐dB AR bandwidth of 44.86 and 9.68% were achieved by the proposed harmonic suppressed CP ARSA. Furthermore, average gain and radiation efficiency of ～4.7 dBic and 71%, respectively, were also exhibited across the bands of interest. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:337–345, 2015.     

辐射型漏泄同轴电缆的设计

总结了漏泄同轴电缆的理论研究现状。围绕使用频带和耦合损耗这两个重要电气参数，讨论辐射型漏泄同轴电缆的设计方法。基于周期性槽孔结构的空间谐波的分析，讨论了抑制高次谐波以拓展使用频带的方法。利用时域有限差分方法和Matlab软件计算耦合损耗。     

Second harmonic generation from a ferroelectric film

We derive an expression for transmittivity (T_SHG) of second harmonic generation (SHG) signals from a ferroelectric (FE) film. Intensities of up and down fields in the medium are investigated in relation to T_SHG. The derivations are made based on undepletion of input fields and nonlinear wave equation derived from the Maxwell equations. We present two cases: film without mirrors and with partial mirrors. Expressions for the newly derived nonlinear susceptibility coefficients of SHG for real crystal symmetry [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19 (2002) 2007] are used to get more realistic results. Variations in T_SHG with respect to film thickness are illustrated.     

电力系统谐波检测的现状与发展

准确、实时地对电力系统谐波进行检测有着重要的意义。本文根据电力系统谐波测量的基本方法，对近年来电力系统谐波检测的新方法进行了分析和评述。最后对电力系统的谐波测量进行了总结并提出了看法。     

谐波齿轮机构在商业表格印刷机中的应用

从商业表格印刷机特殊要求出发，以某一具体机型的传动系统为例，提出采用谐波齿轮机构解决纵向套准的问题。并且分析研究了谐波齿轮机构的工作原理及其在商业表格印刷机中的使用。     

Thermal conductance measurements of bolted copper to copper joints at sub-Kelvin temperatures

We have measured the thermal contact conductance of several demountable copper joints below 1 K. Joints were made by bolting together either two flat surfaces or a clamp around a rod. Surfaces were gold plated, and no intermediate materials were used. A linear dependence on temperature was seen. Most of the measured conductance values fell into a narrow range: 0.1-0.2 W K⁻¹ at 1 K. Results in the literature for similar joints consist of predictions based on electrical resistance measurements using the Wiedemann-Franz law. There is little evidence of the validity of this law in the case of joints. Nevertheless, our results are in good agreement with the literature predictions, suggesting that such predictions are a reasonable approximation.     

酸化返出液中分离出的原油脱水时电脱水器跳闸原因及对策

海上油井酸化后,油井返排液沉降分离得到含酸原油,后者进入电脱水器后常引起电脱水器跳闸。其原因是含酸原油(油包水型乳状液)的电导率过高,超过了电脱水器的安全工作电导率κw。对于现场所用的电脱水器,由设计参数计算出κw=0.43μS/cm。从某海上油田3口油井酸化后不同时间的返排液共取样40份,随机选出13份,沉降分离后得到13份含酸原油样,测得电导率范围在0.03～10000μS/cm。认为原油的含水率(应<18%)不是引起跳闸的原因,跳闸的主因是含酸原油的高电导率。研制了一种油溶性的碱性添加剂,其化学成份是碱金属、碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物,以浓溶液形式加入含酸原油中,可使电导率降至κw以下。加入量由实验确定。表2参2。