A hybrid homogeneously weighted moving average control chart for process monitoring: Discussion

The sensitivity of a monitoring scheme depends on many factors including the variance of the charting statistic which is very important in the computation of the control limits. This paper discusses the computation of the variance of the recently proposed hybrid homogeneously weighted moving average (HHWMA) $\overline{X}$ scheme which was based on an incorrect assumption. The correct variance is used to evaluate the run-length characteristics of the HHWMA $\overline{X}$ scheme. It is observed that the incorrect variance has a significant impact on the sensitivity (or performance) of the HHWMA $\overline{X}$ scheme.     

气管上段腺样囊性癌的临床病理

目的　探讨气管上段腺样囊性癌的临床病理特征及诊断和鉴别诊断要点。方法　收集2000年1月至2014年2月在北京协和医院确诊的4例气管上段腺样囊性癌病例，通过光镜、免疫组织化学及组织化学染色分析其临床病理特征、免疫组织化学特点、诊断及鉴别诊断要点。结果　4例气管上段腺样囊性癌患者中，男1例，女3例，平均年龄47岁(38~57岁）；既往均无腺样囊性癌病史，1例患者既往有结节性甲状腺肿手术史。镜下检查4例均为筛状/管状型腺样囊性癌，3例累及甲状腺组织，3例累及神经组织，未见淋巴结受累。免疫组织化学染色示4例P16、CD117、BCL2、P63、SMA均阳性，Ki67指数平均8%，TTF1和P53均阴性；4例中基底膜样物胶原Ⅳ阳性；组织化学染色示AB/PAS阳性。术后均接受总剂量为48~56 Gy的放疗，随访6~120个月，平均72.5个月，1例术后96个月复发，3例随访期间无复发及转移。结论　气管上段腺样囊性癌是罕见的原发于气管的低度恶性肿瘤，肿瘤生长缓慢，就诊时多数已侵及甲状腺组织，需要与原发于甲状腺的恶性肿瘤相鉴别，特别是在甲状腺穿刺及术中冰冻检查时。结合电子喉气管镜下表现、典型的形态学及免疫组织化学和组织化学染色有助于准确诊断。手术难以切除干净，术后放疗对延缓疾病复发有一定帮助。     

Optimal Control of the Primary Drying Stage of Freeze Drying of Solutions in Vials Using Variational Calculus

The problem of operating freeze drying of pharmaceutical products in vials placed in trays of a freeze dryer to remove free water (in frozen state) at a minimum time was formulated as an optimal control problem. Two different types of freeze dryer designs were considered. In type I freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled together, while in type II freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled independently. The heat input to the material being dried and the drying chamber pressure were considered as control variables. Constraints were placed on the system state variables by the melting and scorch temperatures during primary drying stage. Necessary conditions of optimality for the primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials are derived and presented. Furthermore, an approach for constructing the optimal control policies that would minimize the drying time for the primary drying stage was given. In order to analyze optimal control policy for the primary drying stage of the freeze-drying process in vials, a rigorous multi-dimensional unsteady state mathematical model was used. The theoretical approach presented in this work was applied in the freeze drying of skim milk. Significant reductions in the drying times of primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials were obtained, as compared to the drying times obtained from conventional operational policies.     

8Li次级束的产生

在北京串列加速器次级束流线上通过2 H(7Li,8Li) 1H逆运动学反应产生了用于核天体物理研究的8Li次级束。准直后的次级束纯度达到 80 %以上 ,对于 44MeV的7Li强度约为 3 0s- 1·pnA- 1,可以用来进行逆几何转移反应的实验测量。     

野外大气扩散试验中四面体气球示踪实验的初步评价

1985年11月在瑞士北部进行了一次以探讨“冷池”条件下的扩散和湍流特征为目的的国际野外大气试验,本文介绍其中的四面体气球示踪实验的结果。一共进行了三次由雷达跟踪的四面体示踪实验,释放了10个四面体球。按多轨迹法和单轨迹法分别估算并比较了其中两次示踪实验得到的水平扩散参数σ_y,探讨了风摆效应的贡献。采用“体源模式”并结合单轨迹法估算了微弱风场不定风向条件下的扩散参数,分析了静风,弱风条件下的水平风向标准差和湍流强度。     

再谈历代状元知多少

本文对发表于2001年的《历代状元知多少》一文所提供的历代状元统计数进行了补充修正，历代应有状元总数原为886人，现为914人；历代可考知姓名的状元原为674人，现为682人；多少知道一点生平事迹的原为507人，现为531人。     

1978年前我国高校工农阶层子女入学优惠政策研究

从高校招生的演变历史看，中国在1978年以前对工农阶层子女实行高校入学优惠政策主要源于国家对这一阶层的特殊偏好而实行平均主义分配政策所致。国家通过报考资格政策、优先录取政策和免试推荐入学政策人为地大幅度提高了工农阶层子女在高校大学生中所占的比例。从公平视角看，这项政策不仅违背了公平原则，而且降低了人才选拔的质量。     

Steric requirements for coal swelling by amine bases

A set of six coals ranging in rank from lignite to hvA bituminous was swollen with a series of alkyl-substituted pyridines and a smaller set of 4-alkylanilines. The size and branching of the alkyl groups was varied and the effect of this variation on the dissolution of the amines in the coal and the resulting coal swelling was measured volumetrically. In a few cases, substituents which hindered the amine nitrogen were studied. The lignite and subbituminous coal have a much higher tolerance to branched, bulky groups than do the bituminous coals. The presence of tertiary groups in a solute strongly inhibits their dissolution in bituminous coals. Bituminous coals behave as if extensive parallel packing of structures occurs. Often, they can accept very large planar groups but have a low capacity for branched groups.     

H2S optimization for lignite liquefaction

Two lignite samples, Beulah No. 3 and Big Brown No. 1, were liquefied at 420 °C using H₂ and synthesis gas to determine the optimum beneficial amount of H₂S in the batch autoclave reactor. Under the conditions employed, 50–100 psi partial pressure of H₂S, nominally 4–10 wt% of daf lignite, was optimum for both samples. Synthesis gas outperformed H₂ with and without H₂S for the liquefaction of the two coals.     

"Interactive use of lexical information in speech perception": Correction to Connine and Clifton.

Reports an error in "Interactive use of lexical information in speech perception" by Cynthia M. Connine and Charles Clifton (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1987[May], Vol 13[2], 291-299). In the aforementioned article, Figures 1 and 2 were inadvertently transposed. The figure on p. 294 is actually Figure 2, and the figure on p. 296 is actually Figure 1. The captions are correct as they stand. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1987-23984-001.) Two experiments are reported that demonstrate contextual effects on identification of speech voicing continua. Experiment 1 demonstrated the infuence of lexical knowledge on identification of ambiguous tokens from word–nonword and nonword–word continua. Reaction times for word and nonword responses showed a word advantage only for ambiguous stimulus tokens (at the category boundary); no word advantage was found for clear stimuli (at the continua endpoints). Experiment 2 demonstrated an effect of a postperceptual variable, monetary payoff, on nonword–nonword continua. Identification responses were influenced by monetary payoff, but reaction times for bias-consistent and bias-inconsistent responses did not differ at the category boundary. An advantage for bias-consistent responses was evident at the continua endpoints. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)