Spatial ecology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Lake Winnipeg and its potential for management actions

Common carp feeding and spawning behaviours negatively impact the functioning of marsh ecosystems. In the Netley-Libau Marsh, situated on the southern end of Lake Winnipeg, water level regulations, nonpoint source nutrient pollution, and the non-native common carp are thought to be the main contributors to the degradation of the marsh habitat. Using acoustic telemetry, we analysed the movement rate, frequency and timing of suspected spawning migrations, spatial ecology, and aggregation of common carp in the Lake Winnipeg drainage over a three year time period. Common carp moved the farthest during the open water period when water temperature was >5 °C. Their annual migration into Netley-Libau Marsh was correlated to ordinal date. Common carp left the marsh in late spring/early summer, presumably feeding in Lake Winnipeg, before moving to overwintering sites situated in Traverse Bay and Lake Winnipeg, where they arrived typically by October and formed aggregations. These findings will inform habitat and fisheries managers in the effort to undertake evidence-based management actions. The predictability of the movements and the tendency for common carp to aggregate indicates that exclusion techniques and commercial fishing may represent viable management solutions.     

基于GMM-CNN的鱼道内鱼类游泳行为提取方法

鱼道设计离不开鱼类行为特性的研究,智能监控是观测、记录和量化鱼类行为的主要手段,但由于鱼道紊动的水流环境对鱼体精确跟踪造成了困难。本研究提出一种适用于鱼道研究的鱼类游泳行为提取方法,通过高斯混合模型（GMM）和卷积神经网络模型（CNN）对鱼体图像语义分割,再根据鱼体像素计算上溯轨迹、游泳速度和摆尾幅度。方法的验证以草鱼为试验对象,分别进行基于UNet和SegNet的鱼体语义分割对比试验和鱼类游泳行为提取试验。试验结果表明：（1） UNet模型的图像语义分割结果（MPA=95.9%,MIoU=93.3%）优于SegNet模型（MPA=95.5%,MIoU=92.8%）;（2）应用GMM-CNN模型进行过鱼轨迹跟踪,其坐标平均相对误差（MRE_x=7.1%,MRE_y=2.4%）低于单独使用GMM方法23.1%、11.6%;（3） GMM-CNN模型测算鱼类行为能够准确定位鱼体特征点,应用于提取鱼类游泳行为时具有较高的精确度。基于GMM-CNN鱼类游泳行为提取方法可以为鱼道设计提供技术支持。     

First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin

We use aging techniques, ploidy analysis, and otolith microchemistry to assess whether four grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella captured from the Sandusky River, Ohio were the result of natural reproduction within the Lake Erie Basin. All four fish were of age 1 +. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that these fish were not aquaculture-reared and that they were most likely the result of successful reproduction in the Sandusky River. First, at least two of the fish were diploid; diploid grass carp cannot legally be released in the Great Lakes Basin. Second, strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios were elevated in all four grass carp from the Sandusky River, with elevated Sr:Ca ratios throughout the otolith transect, compared to grass carp from Missouri and Arkansas ponds. This reflects the high Sr:Ca ratio of the Sandusky River, and indicates that these fish lived in a high-strontium environment throughout their entire lives. Third, Sandusky River fish were higher in Sr:Ca ratio variability than fish from ponds, reflecting the high but spatially and temporally variable strontium concentrations of southwestern Lake Erie tributaries, and not the stable environment of pond aquaculture. Fourth, Sr:Ca ratios in the grass carp from the Sandusky River were lower in their 2011 growth increment (a high water year) than the 2012 growth increment (a low water year), reflecting the observed inverse relationship between discharge and strontium concentration in these rivers. We conclude that these four grass carp captured from the Sandusky River are most likely the result of natural reproduction within the Lake Erie Basin.     

超声处理对鲢鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白性质的影响

以鲢鱼为原料,研究了超声处理对鲢鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白性质的影响．结果表明：经超声处理后,肌原纤维蛋白的溶解度、起泡性及泡沫稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、热稳定性均随超声时间的延长先提高后下降,且随超声频率的增大而提高．超声处理15min后,与未经超声处理的蛋白相比,80kHz作用下的蛋白溶解度提高了37．59％,起泡性和泡沫稳定性分别提高了59．16％和56．09％,乳化性和乳化稳定性分别提高了51．11％和53．84％,热稳定性提高了32．59％．经超声处理后,鲢鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白的性质可以得到有效的改善．     

鲤鱼(Cyprinus Carpio) 促性腺激素基因的克隆、原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法,从鲤鱼脑垂体获得了两种GtH β亚基的cDNA, 克隆在pMD18-T载体.经测序确证后,将这两个基因克隆到原核表达载体pET -32(a)中,转化E.coli表达菌BL21(DE3),以IPTG诱导融合蛋白的高效表达.利用初步纯化后的抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,制备多克隆抗体.应用制备的兔抗血清与抽提的鲤鱼脑垂体的总蛋白分别进行Western-blot及ELISA分析,结果显示获得的多抗能特异识别各自的天然蛋白.该结果为纯化天然GtH蛋白提供了有效的检测手段,为进一步制备GtH单克隆抗体奠定了基础.     

基于GC-IMS技术分析留兰香薄荷及其饲喂草鱼的挥发性组分

为了区分留兰香薄荷茎叶饲喂草鱼与对照草鱼肌肉挥发性组分的不同,作者以鱼-花（薄荷）共生闭环系统中的新鲜留兰香薄荷（Mentha spicata L.）茎叶按鱼体质量的10%配合常规饲料饲喂草鱼,利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术测定留兰香薄荷及薄荷饲喂草鱼、对照草鱼的挥发性有机物（Volatile organic compounds,VOCs）指纹图谱,并进行定性分析。研究发现,在留兰香薄荷茎叶中可检测到VOCs 129种,可定性的以醇、酮和醛类为主的VOCs有30种,其中叶片中含量相对较多;在薄荷饲喂草鱼和对照草鱼中检测到VOCs 83种,能定性出45种;由指纹图谱结合定性分析发现,薄荷饲喂草鱼中双戊烯、苯乙醇、芳樟醇等含量比对照草鱼的高,而具有臭味的邻甲酚以及海水味、腥臭味的反式-2-戊烯醛含量大幅降低,且检测到留兰香薄荷VOCs中有6种芳樟醇、异戊醛向其饲喂草鱼中转移明显,使原有的2-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-乙基呋喃的含量大幅降低;进一步通过主成分分析证实,薄荷饲喂草鱼与对照草鱼之间VOCs差异显著,可以各自聚为一类。结果表明,留兰香薄荷叶片中VOCs的含量远高于茎;薄荷饲喂草鱼VOCs的含...     

ε-聚赖氨酸与魔芋葡甘聚糖复配保鲜剂对草鱼片的保鲜效果

通过测定草鱼片贮藏期间感官评分、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸反应物值、总挥发性盐基氮含量、菌落总数等指标的变化,研究ε-聚赖氨酸和魔芋葡甘聚糖复配液对草鱼片在(4±1)?℃条件下冷藏12?d期间物理化学特性和保鲜效果的影响.结果表明:对照组草鱼片贮藏9?d时菌落总数达6.25?(lg(CFU/g)),感官评分较低;贮藏12?d...     

Comparative studies of quality changes in white and dark muscles from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated (4 °C) storage

Differences between white and dark muscles from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in sensory assessment, total viable counts (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), biogenic amines (BAs), nucleotide degradation products and colours were investigated under air and vacuum conditions during refrigerated (4 °C) storage. Compared with white muscle, dark muscle had a higher lipid content, but lower crude protein and moisture content. TVC, TVB‐N, pH, and L* value were higher in white muscle, while K value and a* value were higher in dark muscle. Under both conditions, white and dark muscles had significant (P < 0.05) differences in tyramine and cadaverine content. Although dark muscle was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in ATP content, it had higher rate of IMP degradation and K value increase. Taking sensory and microbial indexes into consideration, dark muscle appeared to have a longer shelf life than white muscle under both conditions.     

Antimicrobial effects of cinnamon bark oil on microbial composition and quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets during chilled storage

In this study, 11 essential oils were initially screened for antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas veronii, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Shewanella putrefaciens, and Pseudomonas jessenii. Cinnamon bark oil exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity and was used as a natural preservative in grass carp fillets stored at 4 ± 1 °C. Sensory assessment, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), color, biogenic amines, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related compounds, K-value, and presence of microbiota were analyzed during storage. Cinnamon bark oil treatment was found to be effective in enhancing organoleptic quality, inhibiting microbial growth, and delaying the increase of TVB-N, putrescine, cadaverine and K-value. Based on sensory analysis, shelf-life of grass carp fillets was 8 days for the control and 12 days for the treatment group. According to high-throughput sequencing, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were the predominant microbiota in fresh grass carp. As storage time progressed, the microbial composition of both control and treatment samples became less diverse. Pseudomonas followed by Aeromonas were dominant in spoiled control samples. However, there were significant differences in microbial composition between control and treatment samples at the end of storage. Cinnamon bark oil treatment inhibited the growth of Aeromonas and Shewanella, and Pseudomonas was the only predominant microbiota found in spoiled treatment samples.