Effect of heat treatment on structural,morphological, dielectric and magnetic properties of Mg–Zn ferrite nanoparticles

Green combustion was used to prepare a ferrite composition of Mg_0.4Zn_0.6Fe₂O₄ using a blend of fresh lemon juice as a natural fuel-reductant. Effect of heat treatment on phase, morphological, dielectric, and humidity sensor properties is discussed. The formation of a cubic spinel ferrite has been established by XRD-diffraction and vibrational spectroscopic studies. The experimental lattice parameter ranges from 8.3721 to 8.3631 Å. The broadening of octahedral band (υ₂) in the vibrational spectra is an identification for the existence of ferrite nanoparticles in various sizes. The typical crystallite size ranges from 10.2 to 36.9 nm. Using micrographs obtained from field-effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), researchers observed a spherical-shaped microstructure with agglomerated nanoparticles. Dielectric investigations have shown that the current ferrite composition has typical dielectric dispersion. The highest reported value for saturation magnetization (M_s) in the present study is 33 emu/g. Magnetic behaviour is primarily influenced by magnetocrystalline anisotropy, cation distribution, and crystallite size. The existence of void spaces in the sintered samples, as well as their porous nature, rendered them suitable for humidity sensor applications. Sintered samples have good sensing capability at 900 °C. The current findings are integrated in terms of cation distribution and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, assuming fine size effects of ferrite nanoparticles.     

Mapping nonnative plants using hyperspectral imagery

Nonnative plant species are causing enormous ecological and environmental impacts from local to global scale. Remote sensing images have had mixed success in providing spatial information on land cover characteristics to land managers that increase effective management of invasions into native habitats. However, there has been limited evaluation of the use of hyperspectral data and processing techniques for mapping specific invasive species based on their spectral characteristics. This research evaluated three different methods of processing hyperspectral imagery: minimum noise fraction (MNF), continuum removal, and band ratio indices for mapping iceplant (Carpobrotus edulis) and jubata grass (Cortaderia jubata) in California's coastal habitat. Validation with field sampling data showed high mapping accuracies for all methods for identifying presence or absence of iceplant (97%), with the MNF procedure producing the highest accuracy (55%) when the classes were divided into four different densities of iceplant.     

加速水保草业建设 提高生态经济效益

水保种草有山地治理、改土开发、松林改造、封禁培育四种类型，是水土保持主要植物措施之一，见效快，效果好，效益显著。要提高认识，建立基地。做好草的转化利用．     

重庆荣昌夏布的原产地保护与技术自主创新

荣昌夏布具有原产地保护产品的特征，对该产品实施原产地保护工作存在的主要问题为没有统一的生产标准、产品结构单一及产品技术含量不高等。对此问题的解决，一方面要依靠政府的力量．另一方面企业自身要不断实现技术自主创新。     

Effects of molasses grass,Melinis minutiflora volatiles on the foraging behavior of the cereal stemborer parasitoid,Cotesia sesamiae

Olfactory responses of the cereal stemborer parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae to volatiles emitted by gramineous host and nonhost plants of the stemborers were studied in a Y-tube olfactometer. The host plants were maize (Zea mays) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor), while the nonhost plant was molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora). In single-choice tests, females of C. sesamiae chose volatiles from infested and uninfested host plants and molasses grass over volatiles from the control (soil). In dual-choice tests, the wasp preferred volatiles from infested host plants to those from uninfested host plants. There was no discrimination between molasses grass volatiles and those of uninfested maize, uninfested sorghum, or infested maize. The wasp preferred sorghum volatiles over maize. Combining uninfested maize or sorghum with molasses grass did not make volatiles from the combination more attractive as compared to only uninfested host plants. Infested maize alone was as attractive as when combined with molasses grass. Infested sorghum was preferred over its combination with molasses grass. Local growth conditions of the molasses grasses influenced attractiveness to the parasitoids. Volatiles from Thika molasses grass were attractive, while those from Mbita molasses grass were not. Growing the Thika molasses grass in Mbita rendered it unattractive and vice versa with the Mbita molasses grass. This is a case of the same genotype expressing different phenotypes due to environmental factors.     

基于GMM-CNN的鱼道内鱼类游泳行为提取方法

鱼道设计离不开鱼类行为特性的研究,智能监控是观测、记录和量化鱼类行为的主要手段,但由于鱼道紊动的水流环境对鱼体精确跟踪造成了困难。本研究提出一种适用于鱼道研究的鱼类游泳行为提取方法,通过高斯混合模型（GMM）和卷积神经网络模型（CNN）对鱼体图像语义分割,再根据鱼体像素计算上溯轨迹、游泳速度和摆尾幅度。方法的验证以草鱼为试验对象,分别进行基于UNet和SegNet的鱼体语义分割对比试验和鱼类游泳行为提取试验。试验结果表明：（1） UNet模型的图像语义分割结果（MPA=95.9%,MIoU=93.3%）优于SegNet模型（MPA=95.5%,MIoU=92.8%）;（2）应用GMM-CNN模型进行过鱼轨迹跟踪,其坐标平均相对误差（MRE_x=7.1%,MRE_y=2.4%）低于单独使用GMM方法23.1%、11.6%;（3） GMM-CNN模型测算鱼类行为能够准确定位鱼体特征点,应用于提取鱼类游泳行为时具有较高的精确度。基于GMM-CNN鱼类游泳行为提取方法可以为鱼道设计提供技术支持。     

天然帽用草纤维的形态结构及EDS能谱分析

对蓆草、棕丝草、琅琊草、咸草、蒲草等5种帽用草纤维用扫描电镜观察其表面形态和截面结构,发现帽用纤维表面存在大量的气孔和沟槽,测量出气孔的长度20-73μm,宽度8-33μm。截面有较大的空隙,纤维空隙的大小依次是棕丝草、蒲草、琅琊草、蓆草、咸草。对其表面选取微区进行EDS能谱分析,结果表明5种帽用草纤维都含有C、O、Al,且C、O元素的含量都在96.99%以上,其他如Si、Na、Mg、Cl、P等属于微量元素,属纤维素纤维。     

基于群体智慧的软件开发间层模型及其架构实现

减少或者避免重复劳动是应对软件危机的一个重要方法.对软件重用技术进行研究,以避免重复劳动为目标,提出利用群体智慧的间层模型来试图解决软件危机问题.提出的柠檬框架是间层模型的一个实现,具有一定的实用性.同时柠檬框架也是正在进行的一个项目.     

生态雨水设施的污染物积累效应及风险研究进展

对植被浅沟、雨水花园及雨水塘3种具有代表性的生态雨水设施应用于径流中有机质、颗粒物、重金属等污染物控制时,污染物在设施内的积累特性进行了归纳总结,分析了设施长期运行时面临的污染风险,提出了这3种生态雨水设施运行管理与维护的建议:植被浅沟运行寿命应结合我国道路雨水径流水质综合确定,超期运行的植被浅沟应对表层5cm种植土进行更换;雨水花园表层介质重金属含量较高时,可更换0~10 cm深度范围内的种植土,为减少表层磷溶出量,可在表层覆盖树皮以加强对磷的吸附;雨水塘中沉积物的清理周期应按功能区分类确定,对于沉积物中多环芳烃含量较高的干塘应酌情增加清理次数。