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1.
Sehar Tasleem Muhammad Tahir Wesam Alsayeh Khalifa 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(27):14148-14189
Photocatalytic H2 generation using semiconductor photocatalysts is considered as a cost-effective and eco-friendly technology for solar to energy conversion; however, the present photocatalysts have been recognized to depict low efficiency. Currently, porous coordination polymers known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constituting flexible and modifiable porous structure and having excess active sites are considered to be appropriate for photocatalytic H2 production. This review highlights current progress in structural development of MOF materials along with modification strategies for enhanced photoactivity. Initially, the review discusses the photocatalytic H2 production mechanism with the concepts of thermodynamics and mass transfer with particular focus on MOFs. Elaboration of the structural categories of MOFs into Type I, Type II, Type III and classification of MOFs for H2 generation into transition metal based, post-transition metal based, noble-metal based and hetero-metal based has been systematically discussed. The review also critically deliberate various modification approaches of band engineering, improvement of charge separation, efficient irradiation utilization and overall efficiency of MOFs including metal modification, heterojunction formation, Z-scheme formation, by introducing electron mediator, and dye based composites. Also, the MOF synthesized derivatives for photocatalytic H2 generation are elaborated. Finally, future perspectives of MOFs for H2 generation and approaches for efficiency improvement have been suggested. 相似文献
2.
异质谷间转移电子器件的计算机模拟 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
薛舫时 《固体电子学研究与进展》1995,15(2):118-124
使用弛豫时间近似求出了描述两能谷间电子交换的方程。在此基础上建立了双能谷电子的连续性方程和油松方程。对具体的GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs异质谷间转移电子器件结构求解了这些方程组,得到了直流工作时器件内的电场分布、双能谷中载流子的布居以及两个能谷的电流分布。这些结果正好和常规Gunn器件相反,说明了两种器件的不同工作机理。最后通过对低Al组份势垒结构的计算说明了X谷电子注入对器件工作的重要作用。 相似文献
3.
介绍了间接跃迁的半导体AlP与GaP形成的超晶格,由于零折叠效应,实现了能带由间接带隙向直接带隙的转变,从而增加了带间的光跃迁几率,并推导了该几率的表达式。 相似文献
4.
对省煤器开裂管进行了化学成分及宏、微观分析。分析结果表明,在高温高压条件下,在其焊缝溶合区出现粗大的魏氏组织,管材中的珠光体组织产生了不同程度的球化,而母材组织又存在严重的带状组织。在过热条件下熔合区极易出现裂纹,并由此快速扩展,造成省煤器管开裂。 相似文献
5.
Metin Kul Muhsin Zor Ahmet Senol Aybek Sinan Irmak Evren Turan 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2007,91(10):882-887
The CdO:F samples have been deposited onto microscope glass substrates at 250 °C by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. With the incorporation of fluorine into CdO, the direct optical transition has shifted towards the shorter wavelengths, and the transparency of the material has increased at a given wavelength above the fundamental absorption edge. The shift in the absorption edge is explained by means of the Moss–Burstein effect, which is also supported with the results of the current–voltage characteristics. Here, a correlation has been established between the band broadening and the increase in conductivity due to the increase in carrier density. 相似文献
6.
M. Liu Q. Fang G. He L.Q. Zhu S.S. Pan L.D. Zhang 《Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing》2006,9(6):876
High-k HfOxNy thin films have been grown by radio frequency (rf) reactive sputtering of metal Hf target in N2/Ar/O2 ambient at different substrate temperatures. The chemical compositions of the films have been investigated as a function of substrate temperature by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS measurements showed that nitrogen concentration increases with an increase in substrate temperature. Room-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) with photon energy 0.75–6.5 eV was used to investigate the optical properties of the films. SE results demonstrated that refractive index n increases with an increase in substrate temperature. Based on TL parameters which were obtained from the best fit results used in a simulation of the measured spectra, meanwhile, we conclude that the energy band gap (Eg) decreases with an increase in substrate temperature. 相似文献
7.
Band gaps and defect levels in functional oxides 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Most ab-initio calculations of the electronic structure use the local density approximation, which gives good structural data but severely underestimates the band gaps of semiconductors and insulators. This paper presents calculations of the band structures and oxygen vacancy levels of some important oxide semiconductors and insulators, using density functional methods which do give more accurate band gaps. The materials SnO2, Cu2O, SrCu2O2, CuAlO2, SrTiO3, HfO2, ZrO2, La2O3, ZrSiO4, and SiO2 are covered. 相似文献
8.
文章报道了空间多光谱扫描仪红外波段多元光导碲镉汞探测器的研制与优值。重点研究并解决了多元器件光谱曲线不一致性的问题,简述了器件的优值波段响应率RΔλ1,波段探测率DΔλ和单色响应率Rλ的测试定标方法,以及器件按空间环境使用要求经历老炼和环境条件试验的情况。测试结果表明多元件性能稳定可靠,各项指标均达到了空间多光谱扫描仪的技术要求。 相似文献
9.
我们研制了一种8毫米波变张角、半径突变的多模圆锥馈源。计算出其模比并推导出其辐射方向图公式;给出其在两个主平面——E平面与H平面上的辐射方向图和波束场分布特性的测试结果以及电压驻波比VSWR的测量结果;同时给出频带和旁瓣特性。分析与测试共同表明,在34.5GHz~37GHz频带里,该多模馈源的辐射图在大于24dB范围内获得幅度等化且不出现旁瓣,因此具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
10.