Aligned Co3O4–CoOOH heterostructure nanosheet arrays grown on carbon paper with oxygen vacancies for enhanced and robust oxygen evolution

Developing efficient and stable non-noble metal oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts for sustainable overall water-splitting is extremely desirable but still a great challenge. Herein, we developed a facile strategy to fabricate Co₃O₄–CoOOH heterostructure nanosheet arrays with oxygen vacancies grown on carbon paper (Co₃O₄–CoOOH/CP). Benefiting from the unique 3D architecture, large surface area, synergistic effects between Co₃O₄, CoOOH and oxygen vacancies, the obtained self-supporting Co₃O₄–CoOOH/CP presents excellent electrocatalytic OER activity (low overpotentials of 245 and 390 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm⁻²) and robust long-term stability in alkaline condition. The present strategy provides the opportunities for the future rational design and discovery of high-performance non-noble metal based electrocatalysts for advanced water oxidation and beyond.     

Improved error performance for generalised spatial modulation with enhanced spectral efficiency

The existing analytical average bit error rate (ABER) expression of conventional generalised spatial modulation (CGSM) does not agree well with the Monte Carlo simulation results in the low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) region. Hence, the first contribution of this paper is to derive a new and easy way to evaluate analytical ABER expression that improves the validation of the simulation results at low SNRs. Secondly, a novel system termed CGSM with enhanced spectral efficiency (CGSM‐ESE) is presented. This system is realised by applying a rotation angle to one of the two active transmit antennas. As a result, the overall spectral efficiency is increased by 1 bit/s/Hz when compared with the equivalent CGSM system. In order to validate the simulation results of CGSM‐ESE, the third contribution is to derive an analytical ABER expression. Finally, to improve the ABER performance of CGSM‐ESE, three link adaptation algorithms are developed. By assuming full knowledge of the channel at the receiver, the proposed algorithms select a subset of channel gain vector (CGV) pairs based on the Euclidean distance between all CGV pairs, CGV splitting, CGV amplitudes, or a combination of these.     

Enhanced photo-electrochemical activity of ZnO/Cu2S nanotube arrays photocathodes

ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays are fabricated firstly by a facile and capping-agent-free method, and the photo-electrochemical performance has been studied systematically. The results show that ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays achieve enhanced photo-electrochemical water splitting performance and the photocurrent densities of ZnO/Cu₂S are 7.9 times than that of ZnO at 0 V versus Ag/AgCl. The performance of the ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays can be adjusted by changing the amount of Cu₂S microcrystals. The results confirm that the enhanced photo-electrochemical performance of ZnO/Cu₂S is due to the significantly improved visible light absorption, effective separation of photo-induced carriers due to the well band energy match and the formed p-n junction between ZnO and Cu₂S.     

Flower‐shaped ultra‐wideband fractal antenna

A flower‐shaped ultra‐wideband fractal antenna is presented. It comprises a fourth iterative flower‐shaped radiator, asymmetrical stub‐loaded feeding line, and coplanar quarter elliptical ground planes. A wide operating band of 12.12 GHz (4.58‐16.7 GHz) for S ₁₁ ≤ ? 10 dB is achieved along with an overall antenna footprint of 15.7 × 11.4 mm². In addition, other desirable characteristics, that is, omnidirectional radiation patterns, peak gain upto 5 dB, and fidelity factor more than 75% are achieved. A good agreement exists between the simulation and measured results. The obtained results illustrate that this antenna has wide operating range and compact dimensions than available structures.     

基于三相幅度测量的相控阵天线快速校准方法

提出了一种基于三相幅度测量的相控阵天线快速校准方法。该方法将天线阵列进行分组,利用每种分组在三种配相下的阵面合成场幅度测量值,可解算出各个天线单元的初始幅相值。该方法仅需幅度测量,避免了相位测量误差影响单元幅相值的计算精度,而且所需幅度测量次数仅为(2N+1)次,可显著提高校准时效性。另外,利用分组思想,同时改变多个单元相位,使总辐射场的幅度变化显著,提升校准准确性。仿真结果表明:校准后相位均方根误差为2.2°,幅度均方根误差为0.2 dB。     

Annular‐ring slot antenna designs with circular polarization radiation

The design of a microstrip‐fed annular‐ring slot antenna (ARSA) with circular polarization (CP) radiation is initially studied. To obtain CP radiation with broad 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth that can cover the WiMAX 2.3 GHz (2305–2320 MHz, 2345–2360 MHz) and WLAN 2.4 GHz (2400–2480 MHz) bands, a novel technique of extending an inverted L‐shaped slot from the bottom section of the annular‐ring is proposed. To suppress the harmonic modes induced by the CP ARSA, the technique of integrating a defected ground structure into the annular‐ring slot is further introduced. From the measured results, 10‐dB impedance bandwidth and 3‐dB AR bandwidth of 44.86 and 9.68% were achieved by the proposed harmonic suppressed CP ARSA. Furthermore, average gain and radiation efficiency of ～4.7 dBic and 71%, respectively, were also exhibited across the bands of interest. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:337–345, 2015.     

Measurement of Electrophysiological Signals In Vitro Using High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Biological environments use ions in charge transport for information transmission. The properties of mixed electronic and ionic conductivity in organic materials make them ideal candidates to transduce physiological information into electronically processable signals. A device proven to be highly successful in measuring such information is the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). Previous electrophysiological measurements performed using OECTs show superior signal-to-noise ratios than electrodes at low frequencies. Subsequent development has significantly improved critical performance parameters such as transconductance and response time. Here, interdigitated-electrode OECTs are fabricated on flexible substrates, with one such state-of-the-art device achieving a peak transconductance of 139 mS with a 138 µs response time. The devices are implemented into an array with interconnects suitable for micro-electrocorticographic application and eight architecture variations are compared. The two best-performing arrays are subject to the full electrophysiological spectrum using prerecorded signals. With frequency filtering, kHz-scale frequencies with 10 µV-scale voltages are resolved. This is supported by a novel quantification of the noise, which compares the gate voltage input and drain current output. These results demonstrate that high-performance OECTs can resolve the full electrophysiological spectrum and suggest that superior signal-to-noise ratios could be achieved in high frequency measurements of multiunit activity.     

磁场天线的扭转振动及运动感应噪声研究

拖曳天线的运动感应电磁噪声对其收信深度及接收性能占据主导作用,其中横向振动与纵向振动是主要的,同时扭转振动也不可忽略.建立了磁场天线的扭转振动模型,得到了流体圆周切变力作用下磁场天线的扭转振动响应,分析了扭转振动感应电磁噪声的产生机理,给出了计算公式及仿真结果.研究结果为水下电磁噪声的深入研究提供了理论基础.     

Antenna-array pattern nulling using a differential evolution algorithm

A new method based on the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed for antenna-array pattern synthesis with prescribed nulls. The array excitation amplitudes are the only controlling parameters, and the objectives are to synthesize array patterns with nulls imposed on directions of interferences while keeping the sidelobe levels (SLLs) below prescribed levels. Many factors such as the excitation dynamic range ratio, null depth level, null width, and SLLs are taken into account in the synthesis. Simulation results of several typical problems are compared with published results to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 14: 57–63, 2004.     

用CMOS工艺实现非接触IC卡天线的集成化设计

论述了用CMOS工艺实现非接触式IC卡天线的集成化需要考虑的各个方面,建立了集成天线的模型,给出了合理的设计方案,并通过实验验证了模型和设计方案.实验结果表明,采用片上天线完全可以提供非接触式IC卡工作所需要的能量.在频率为2 2 .5 MHz、感应强度为6×10 - 4 T的磁场中,面积为2 m m×2 mm的集成天线可以为10 kΩ的负载提供1.2 2 5 m W的能量.