YOLSO: You Only Look Small Object

Small object detection is challenging and far from satisfactory. Most general object detectors suffer from two critical issues with small objects: (1) Feature extractor based on classification network cannot express the characteristics of small objects reasonably due to insufficient appearance information of targets and a large amount of background interference around them. (2) The detector requires a much higher location accuracy for small objects than for general objects. This paper proposes an effective and efficient small object detector YOLSO to address the above problems. For feature representation, we analyze the drawbacks in previous backbones and present a Half-Space Shortcut(HSSC) module to build a background-aware backbone. Furthermore, a coarse-to-fine Feature Pyramid Enhancement(FPE) module is introduced for layer-wise aggregation at a granular level to enhance the semantic discriminability. For loss function, we propose an exponential L1 loss to promote the convergence of regression, and a focal IOU loss to focus on prime samples with high classification confidence and high IOU. Both of them significantly improves the location accuracy of small objects. The proposed YOLSO sets state-of-the-art results on two typical small object datasets, MOCOD and VeDAI, at a speed of over 200 FPS. In the meantime, it also outperforms the baseline YOLOv3 by a wide margin on the common COCO dataset.     

积极降压对脑小血管病防治策略的影响

2017年,美国心脏病学会和美国心脏协会提出将高血压诊断标准降为130/80 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133 kPa),这与其他指南有所不同。降压治疗的核心目标在于靶器官的保护,近年来降压治疗与脑小血管病预防的相关问题日益受到临床重视。目前研究结果表明,降压治疗对腔隙性卒中患者的二级预防以及白质病变进展的预防可能有一定积极意义,但确切的降压目标值并未确定。血压与临床结局可能呈现J型关系,血压过低或过高可能均有害,而取得最大获益的降压目标有待进一步探索。     

Results from the ORPHEUS dark matter detector

The ORPHEUS dark matter detector consists of 450 g superconducting tin granules with diameters of 28 and 36 μm. The detector has been operating in the shallow site of the underground laboratory in Bern (70 m.w.e). First preliminary results on WIMP detection sensitivity will be presented.     

Non-equilibrium particle motion in the vicinity of a single blade

The motion of sand particles close to a single moving blade was investigated using Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) during the period in which the free bed surface profile was evolving to an equilibrium shape. The area affected by the blade was divided into active and inactive regions and these were analysed separately. The characteristic heart-shape of the active region in the plan view was determined. An approximately 10-particle-diameter wide velocity transition zone is found between the two regions. While the tracer particle is in the inactive region moving away from the blade, the time dependence of the axial displacement is well described by a logarithmic relationship. The probability of particle movement towards the centre of the blade was quantified using a “central tendency” index. The calculated central tendency shows maxima at each side of the blade. The separation of the two maxima, which indicates the width of the active region, increases with fill level but is independent of rotational speed.     

可拓检测的方案生成

以可拓学理论为基础，论述了可拓检测的有关定义和概念，提出了可拓检测的方案生成方法及过程，同时探讨了检测方法的优化和评价方法。     

构造作用对油气生成和运聚的影响

有机质从埋藏开始，就处于极其复杂的地球物理化学场中，环境提的能量，一是热量，二是机械能，机械能，主要是通过机械力作用传递给系统的，另外还以机械波的形式赋予系统一定的机械能。当发生断褶构造运动时，机械力对油气运移的影响尤为突出，它经能量的迁移转化，促成了包括机械力降解和地应力驱动等一系列的连锁反应，制造了一次次高效的成油（生运）事件，本文以突变论为着眼点，按照改造控制建造的思路，大胆提出构造运动制造生排烃事件，成就含油气系统的假说。     

The GENIUS-test-facility—first results on background from Rn daughters

GENIUS-TF (Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 511 (2003) 341; Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 481 (2002) 149.) is a test-facility for the GENIUS project (GENIUS-Proposal, 20 November 1997; Z. Phys. A 359 (1997) 351; CERN Courier, November 1997, 16; J. Phys. G 24 (1998) 483; Z. Phys. A 359 (1997) 361; in: H.V. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, H. Pas. (Eds.), First International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model, Castle Ringberg, Germany, 8–14 June 1997, IOP Bristol (1998) 485 and in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 13 (1998) 3953; in: H.V. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, I.V. Krivosheina (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model BEYOND’ 99, Castle Ringberg, Germany 6–12 June 1999, IOP Bristol (2000) 915), a proposed large scale underground observatory for rare events which is based on operation of naked germanium detectors in liquid nitrogen for an extreme background reduction. Operation of naked Ge crystals in liquid nitrogen has been applied routinely already for more than 20 years by the CANBERRA Company for technical functions tests (CANBERRA Company, private communication, 5 March 2004.), but it never had found entrance into basic research. Only in 1997 first tests of application of this method for nuclear spectroscopy have been performed, successfully, in Heidelberg (Klapdor-Kleingrothaus et al., 1997, 1998; J. Hellmig and H.V. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, 1997).

On May 5, 2003 the first four naked high-purity germanium detectors (total mass 10.52 kg) were installed in liquid nitrogen in the GENIUS Test Facility at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. Since then the experiment has been running continuously, testing for the first time the novel technique in an underground laboratory and for a long-lasting period.

In this work, we present the first analysis of the GENIUS-TF background after the completion of the external shielding, which took place in December 2003. We focus especially on the background coming from ²²²Rn daughters. This is found to be at present by a factor of 200 higher than expected from simulation. It is still compatible with the scientific goal of GENIUS-TF, namely to search for cold dark matter by the modulation signal, but on the present level would cause serious problems for a full GENIUS—like experiment using liquid nitrogen.     

Effect of electric field on the hydrodynamics of fluidized nanoparticles

The effect of electric field on the hydrodynamics of nanoparticles was studied in a fluidized rectangular bed, with electrodes attached to two parallel walls. It was shown that the electric field of the order of 3 times the gravity markedly decreased the bed expansion and increased the solids volume fraction of nanoparticles fluidized by air. In these experiments, a light diode assembly was utilized to infer the local solids volume fractions within a rectangular bed of 10 nm silica particles. These experimental measurements yielded a two dimensional solids volume fraction distribution within the rectangular bed. The experimental results provided some new insights into the distribution of solids within the bed. The agglomerate diameters were computed using a momentum balance with the drag given by the Ergun equation and the empirical Richardson-Zaki method. Both methods yielded agglomerate diameters of the order of 100 μm and showed dependence on the strength of the electric field. The electric field decreased the granular temperature of the nanoparticles.     

Research on charge ordering and magnetic properties in La0.3Ca0.7Mn1-xWxO3 system

The perovskite manganite sample La0.3Ca0.7Mn1-xWxO3 （x = 0.08, 0.12） was prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The effect of W doping on the Mn site to La0.3Ca0.7MnO3 charge ordering phase and the changing process of magnetic properties were studied through the measurement of the M-T curve, M-H curves, and ESR curves of the sample. The results showed that when x = 0.08, the charge ordering （CO） phase exists in the system, the transition temperature Tco= 275 K, and the system exhibits PM when T 〉 275 K. The system transforms from spin-disordering paramagnetism to spin-ordering antiferromagnetism in the charge ordering state with the temperature decreasing from 275 K to 230 K. The long-range antiferromagnetism forms and AFM/CO states coexist between 230 K and 5 K. There is a little ferromagnetic component in the AFM/CO background in a low temperature range. When x = 0.12, the CO phase in the system has almost melted completely. There is a little remnant of the CO phase below 150 K. The system exhibits paramagnetism when T 〉 150 K and transforms from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism when T〈 150 K.     

Two-Dimensional Physical and Numerical Modeling of a Pile-Supported Earth Platform over Soft Soil

This paper focuses on the mechanisms occurring in a granular earth platform over soft ground improved by rigid piles. Two-dimensional physical model experiments were performed using the Schneebeli’s analogical soil to investigate the load transfer mechanisms by arching and the settlement reduction and homogenization. Experimental outputs are compared to results obtained on a numerical model using a plane strain continuum approach. The impact of the constitutive model complexity to simulate the platform material behavior was first assessed, but no large difference was recorded. As far as the proposed model, which takes the main features of the observed behavior satisfactorily into account, the numerical procedure could be validated and the parametric studies extended numerically. Both approaches of this study underlined the main geometrical and geotechnical parameters which should inevitably be taken into account in a simplified design method, namely the capping ratio, the platform height, and the platform material shear strength.