Biomass for residential and commercial heating in a remote Canadian aboriginal community |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Queen''s Institute for Energy and Environmental Policy, Queen''s University, 138 Union Street, Robert Sutherland Hall, Kingston K7L 3N6, Ontario, Canada;2. Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jl. Pulomas Barat Kav 88, Jakarta Timur 13210, Indonesia;3. Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada;4. Nuxalk Development Corporation, PO Box 852, Bella Coola V0T 1C0, British Columbia, Canada;1. College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;2. National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Zhengzhou 450001, China;1. Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil;1. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | Most residents of Canada's 300 remote communities do not have access to natural gas and must rely upon higher cost and/or less convenient heat sources such as electric heat, heating (furnace) oil, propane, and/or cord wood. This research sought to determine the techno-economic feasibility of increasing biomass utilization for space and hot water heating in remote, off-grid communities in Canada and abroad using a two-option case study approach: 1) a district energy system (DES) connected to a centralized heat generation energy centre fuelled by wood chips; and 2) a decentralized heating option with wood pellet boilers in each individual residence and commercial building. The Nuxalk First Nation Bella Coola community was selected as a case study, with GIS, ground surveys, and climate data used to design DES routes and determine heat demand. It was determined that biomass has the potential to reduce heat costs, reduce the cost of electricity subsidization for electrical utilities, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and increase energy independence of remote communities. Although results of the analysis are site-specific, the research methodology and general findings on heat-source economic competitiveness could be utilized to support increased bioheat production in remote, off-grid communities for improved socio-economic and environmental outcomes. |
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