氮化硅陶瓷在四大领域的研究及应用进展

氮化硅陶瓷不仅具有较高的力学性能还具有良好的透波性能、导热性能以及生物相容性能,是公认的综合性能最优的陶瓷材料。作为轴承球的致密氮化硅陶瓷广泛应用在机械领域;作为透波材料的多孔氮化硅陶瓷广泛应用在航空航天领域;随着对氮化硅陶瓷材料的深入研究,其在导热性和生物相容性方面的优异特性逐渐被科研工作者认识并得到开发和应用。本文详细阐述了氮化硅粉体的制备方法,并综述了氮化硅陶瓷作为结构陶瓷在机械领域和航空航天领域的研究进展,此外还介绍了其作为功能陶瓷在半导体领域、生物制药领域的研究和应用现状,最后对其未来发展进行了展望。

Research and Application Progress of Silicon Nitride Ceramics in Four Major Fields

Silicon nitride ceramics not only have high mechanical properties, but also have strong wave-transmitting properties, high thermal conductivity and biocompatibility, which are regarded as the most excellent ceramic materials. Dense silicon nitride ceramics as bearing balls are widely used in the fields of the engineering industry; porous silicon nitride ceramics as wave-transmitting materials are extensively applied in the fields of the aerospace industry. With the continuous in-depth research on silicon nitride ceramic materials, their excellent properties of high thermal conductivity and biocompatibility have been gradually developed by researchers and their application fields are broadened. This article describes in detail the preparation methods of silicon nitride powder, and reviews the research progress of silicon nitride ceramics as structural ceramics in the areas of machinery, military, and aerospace industries. In addition, it also introduces the application of silicon nitride ceramics as functional ceramics in the fields of semiconductors and biopharmaceuticals. Finally, the future development of silicon nitride ceramics has prospected.