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典型严重事故非能动安全壳冷却系统效果分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
先进压水堆采用非能动安全壳冷却系统(PCCS)在事故下维持安全壳完整性,包括重力喷洒形成安全壳外部水膜冷却和空气冷却流道中空气对流传热。针对严重事故下PCCS效果研究,建立了非能动压水堆安全壳及非能动安全壳冷却系统的传热分析模型(包括对流传热及蒸发/冷凝传热),并耦合反应堆主系统模型及专设安全设施模型。通过与西屋公司PCCS大尺度试验结果的比对验证了模型的可用性,进而针对非能动先进压水堆选取全厂断电、热段小破口失水始发事故作为典型严重事故序列,模拟了事故进程、主系统响应及安全壳的响应,分析了PCCS对安全壳的降温、降压作用。结果表明,安全壳压力72h内未超过安全限值,保持安全壳完整性。 相似文献
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安全壳压力响应分析是验证非能动安全壳冷却系统(PCS)设计的重要内容,需考虑PCS的传热传质等各种现象的影响。本文应用DAKOTA程序耦合WGOTHIC程序对大型先进压水堆非能动安全壳压力响应进行敏感性分析,通过偏相关系数,定量评价了重要现象识别和排序表(PIRT)中各种现象对安全壳压力的影响程度。研究结果表明:质能释放现象、安全壳内初始环境条件、冷凝/蒸发现象显著影响安全壳压力。该研究结果为安全壳设计、安全分析和安全审评提供技术支持。 相似文献
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《中国核电》2019,(1)
CAP1400非能动安全壳冷却系统(Passive Containment Cooling System,PCS)仍采用与AP600和AP1000相同的先进非能动设计理念。本研究针对CAP1400的非能动安全壳冷却系统,设计并建造了非能动安全壳冷却系统综合性能试验平台(Containment safety vErification via integRal Test facility,CERT),开展了试验研究。对CAP1400非能动安全壳冷却系统综合性能试验验证需求,试验装置的设计特点、研究内容及代表性的试验结果进行了介绍。通过PCS综合性能试验的开展,研究了非能动安全壳冷却系统的事故响应特性及关键物理现象,为CAP1400的安全评审及相关安全分析程序验证提供了试验结果支撑。 相似文献
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AP/CAP系列核电厂设计了安全壳非能动冷却系统(PCCS),可以实现事故后72 h内对安全壳非能动冷却。但是,72 h后如顶部水箱不能及时补水,仅靠安全壳自身的散热能力很难将全部的余热带走,安全壳仍有超压风险。针对目前核电厂安全壳余热导出能力有限时长的短板,对一套创新的安全壳内热量非能动导出系统搭建试验台架以验证其载热性能。在设计基准事故(DBA)条件下,开展安全壳内不同压力、温度和气体组分条件下系统载热性能的试验研究。结果表明,DBA条件下该套系统的载热能力完全满足设计要求。本文进一步给出了适用于低过冷度条件的含不凝性气体管外冷凝换热系数关联式。 相似文献
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在非能动安全壳冷却系统(PCS)设计基准事故的排热过程中,安全壳内壁面蒸汽冷凝现象和安全壳外壁面水膜蒸发现象是两种非常关键的排热途径。本文应用GOTHIC8.0程序模拟了安全壳内壁面蒸汽冷凝和安全壳外壁面水膜蒸发传热过程,并通过蒸汽冷凝试验和水膜蒸发试验数据,对GOTHIC程序的模拟结果进行了分析和评价。研究结果表明:GOTHIC程序的蒸汽冷凝模型可较好地模拟蒸汽冷凝传热现象;水膜蒸发模型明显低估了水膜蒸发换热量,这对设计基准事故安全壳完整性分析是非常保守的,建议对GOTHIC程序进行适当开发,更好地模拟水膜蒸发换热过程。 相似文献
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To evaluate the system pressure of an external water wall type containment vessel, which is one of the passive systems for containment cooling, the evaporation and condensation behavior under a noncondensable gas presence has been experimentally examined. In the system, steam evaporated from the suppression pool surface into the wetwell, filled with noncondensable gas, and condensed on the containment vessel wall. The system pressure was the sum of the noncondensable gas pressure and saturated steam pressure in the wetwell. The wetwell temperature was, however, lower than the supression pool temperature and depended on the thermal resistance on the suppression pool surface. The evaporation and condensation heat transfer coefficients in the presence of air as noncondensable gas were measured and expressed by functions of steam/air mass ratio. The evaporation heat transfer coefficients were one order higher than the condensation heat transfer coefficients because the local noncondensable gas pressure was much lower on the evaporating pool surface than on the condensing liquid surface. Using logal properties of the heat transfer surfaces, there was a similar trend between evaporation and condensation even with a noncondensable gas present. 相似文献
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针对大型非能动先进压水堆安全壳卸压排放过程中涉及的重要热工现象,采用系统性的关键现象识别及重要性分析方法,得到了大型非能动先进压水堆卸压排放过程中的现象过程识别与排序表(PIRT)。结果表明:排放管线及鼓泡器中对安全壳卸压排放过程影响程度较高的现象为临界和摩擦流、两相压降、几何尺寸及流动状态;乏燃料水池中对安全壳卸压排放过程影响程度较高的现象为冷凝、传热、几何尺寸、流体混合、不凝性气体及热分层。利用关键现象识别及重要性分析结果与现有缩放实验台架的搭建经验及研究结果,得到了安全壳卸压排放过程验证性试验装置搭建中应该遵循的相似准则,从而为安全壳卸压排放验证性试验装置的搭建提供设计基础和理论依据。 相似文献
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本文选取重大专项综合性能试验开展的主蒸汽管道断裂事故全过程瞬态模拟工况作为基准工况,应用GOTHIC程序进行了详细的三维建模,模拟了试验壳大空间和热阱储热、蒸汽在壳体内壁面冷凝、壳体外壁面水膜蒸发等传热传质过程。通过对比试验数据和程序计算结果,研究试验壳大空间的热工响应特性和程序模型的适用性。研究结果表明:程序模型能很好地分析试验壳温度、压力变化趋势,尤其是在蒸汽大流量喷放后阶段,程序分析结果和试验结果符合很好。另外,喷口的射流类型会显著影响大空间温度分层现象,进而影响蒸汽在试验壳体内壁面的冷凝过程。该研究结果可为后续应用GOTHIC程序分析非能动核电厂安全壳响应的可行性提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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All next-generation light water reactors utilize passive systems to remove heat via natural circulation and are significantly different from past and current nuclear plant designs. One unique feature of the AP-600 is its passive containment cooling system (PCCS), which is designed to maintain containment pressure below the design limit for 72 h without action by the reactor operator. During a design-basis accident (DBA), i.e., either a loss-of-coolant or a main-steam-line break accident, steam escapes and comes in contact with the much cooler containment vessel wall. Heat is transferred to the inside surface of the steel containment wall by convection and condensation of steam and through the containment steel wall by conduction. Heat is then transferred from the outside of the containment surface by heating and evaporation of a thin liquid film that is formed by applying water at the top of the containment vessel dome. Air in the annular space is heated by both convection and injection of steam from the evaporating liquid film. The heated air and vapor rise as a result of natural circulation and exit the shield building through the outlets above the containment shell. All of the analytical models that are developed for and used in the COMMIX-1D code for predicting performance of the PCCS will be described. These models cover governing conservation equations for multicomponents single-phase flow, transport equations for the k − two-equation turbulence model, auxiliary equations, liquid-film tracking model for both inside (condensate) and outside (evaporating liquid film) surfaces of the containment vessel wall, thermal coupling between flow domains inside and outside the containment vessel, and heat and mass transfer models. Various key parameters of the COMMIX-1D results and corresponding AP-600 PCCS experimental data are compared and the agreement is good. Significant findings from this study are summarized. 相似文献
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大型先进压水堆通过堆内熔融物滞留(IVR)策略来缓解严重事故后果以降低安全壳失效风险。其中堆腔注水系统(CIS)被引入来实现IVR。本文使用严重事故分析软件计算大型先进压水堆在冷管段双端断裂事故下的事故进程、热工水力行为、堆芯退化过程和下封头熔融池传热行为,评估能动CIS的事故缓解能力。计算结果表明,事故后72 h,下封头外表面热流密度始终低于临界热流密度(CHF),表明IVR策略有效。此外,计算分析了惰性气体、非挥发性和挥发性裂变产物的释放和迁移行为。计算发现,IVR下更多的放射性裂变产物分布在主系统内,壁面核素再悬浮形成气溶胶的行为被消除,安全壳壁面上沉积的核素被大量冷凝水冲刷进入底部水池。总体来说,IVR策略能更好地管理放射性核素分布,减小放射性泄漏威胁。 相似文献
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After TMI and Chernobyl accidents, many efforts have been made to enhance the nuclear safety with passive features. Among such passive features, the passive containment cooling system (PCCS) has been suggested by Westinghouse in the AP600 plant. The containment with PCCS is a dual containment, and consists of a stainless steel vessel and a concrete wall. In the gap between these structures, air and water can counter-currently pass and cool the steel surface. This paper experimentally investigates evaporative heat and mass transfer at the surface of a falling water film with counter-current air flow in a vertical duct with one-side heated plate. Experiments included various conditions of mass flow rate of film and air. Experimental results show the strong effects of water temperature and air mass flow rate, but little effect of the water flow rate. Also, simple analyses based on heat and mass transfer analogy were performed to evaluate the experimental results. With experimental data, a new correlation on evaporative mass transfer coefficient was developed, and with the correlation, the containment pressure and temperature was calculated for the design basis accident of AP600 by the use of CONTEMPT4/MOD5 code implementation. 相似文献
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第3代大型先进压水堆设置非能动余热排出系统,包括大容积高位水箱及其内置的非能动余热排出热交换器(PRHR HX)和自动降压系统(ADS)喷洒器,在运行过程中呈现出复杂的气液两相热工水力现象和独特的传热、传质特性。近年来随着非能动安全系统工程需求和相关研究的兴起,国内外开展了一些针对大容积非能动冷却水箱及其内置关键部件热工水力特性的相关研究,本文对上述问题的研究现状进行综述。对于PRHR HX,评价特殊C型管束在单相自然对流、两相沸腾条件下的传热特性,分析经典传热模型及改进经验关联式的适用性;对于ADS 1~3级喷洒器高温高压蒸汽喷放冷凝过程,综合分析其喷放冷凝流型、特征参数、冷凝换热系数等关键传热、传质特性。以上研究大幅丰富了第3代大型先进压水堆大容积水箱的设计理论,并进行了实际工程应用。本文在此基础上,对相关研究未来发展方向进行展望。 相似文献