基于BP神经网络的熔盐电导率预测研究

NdF3-LiF-Nd2O3体系熔盐电导率是稀土熔盐电解的基础参数,由于高温环境使其在电解过程中的变化规律难以获得。研究针对试验结果所取得的样本进行训练,通过BP神经网络预测了NdF3-LiF-Nd2O3体系熔盐电导率,并分析了温度、LiF浓度和Nd2O3浓度对熔盐电导率的影响。研究结果表明,预测值处在1.825 6³.119 7 S/cm之间,与实验值误差在3%左右,同时,预测值与实际值的变化趋势基本一致。研究表明BP神经网络对熔盐电导率的预测能够满足熔盐体系电导率研究的要求。     

Nd2O3-NdF3-LiF熔盐体系中电导率及钕溶解度的测定

研究了Nd2O3-NdF3-LiF熔盐体系中电导率及钕的溶解度，并根据实验数据拟合了回归方程，分析TN度、LiF浓度、Nd2O3浓度对两种物理性质的影响。结果表明，升高温度，提高LiF浓度以及降低Nd2O3浓度可以提高熔盐体系的电导率；而降低温度，降低LiF浓度以及提高Nd2O3浓度可以减少钕在熔盐中的溶解度。所得研究结果可为电解氟盐法生产钕选择合理的电解质成分提供依据。     

NdF3—LiF—Nd2O3体系表面张力数学模型的研究

用拉筒法研究了低NdF3浓度下NdF3-LiF体系的表面张力,采用二因子二次回归正交设计,得出表面张力（σ）与NdF3含量（C）、温度（t) 的回归方程,讨论了NdF3含量、温度对表面张力的影响,并考察了加入Nd2O3对体系表面张力的影响。     

过热度与添加剂对工业电解质电导率的影响研究

本文研究了过热度、分子比和LiF对工业冰晶石的电导率影响，同时模拟工业电解质，用KF替代NaF研究了KF的添加对电解质电导率的影响，从而得到过热度、分子比、LiF和KF对工业电解质电导率影响的结论。     

NdF_3-LiF二元系相图测定和计算的再研究

氟盐-氧化钕熔盐电解是目前稀土金属钕工业生产的主要方法,优化工艺的确定、产品质量的保证以及更好综合性能熔盐组成的选择直接有赖于NdF3-LiF二元系相图的分析和应用。为了获得精确的NdF3-LiF二元系相图和热力学信息,采用差热分析法(DTA)测定不同配比NdF3-LiF二元熔盐体系的初晶温度,同时通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征方法观察确认初晶温度的准确性,并依据DTA测试结果绘制出实验相图;再根据CALPHAD法利用FactSage软件中的Compound、Solution、Equilib、OptiSage和Phase diagram等模块优化计算最终确定出NdF3-LiF二元系的相图,发现实际的NdF3-LiF熔盐体系符合正规溶液;在1000~1100℃下,LiF的活度系数趋于稳定,而NdF3的活度系数随温度升高有明显增多的趋势,其电离形成离子的多寡与电解过程密切相关。另外,用计算机处理拟合出相图中NdF3-LiF二元系初晶温度的数学模型,讨论提出了工业熔盐电解钕适合的配比为w(NdF3)∶w(LiF)=10∶1或者是比之略小的w(NdF3)∶w(LiF)=9∶1。     

熔盐电解钕中金属的溶解和泥渣的形成探讨

采用金属质量差法,对金属钕在NdF3与LiF质量比为10∶1.2的NdF3-LiF电解质中的溶解度进行测定,分析了金属钕在电解质中溶解损失随温度的变化情况,使用X射线衍射分析法测定了溶解度实验后的金属外层包裹物以及钕电解槽中泥渣中的物相,对泥渣的成因和如何提高电流效率进行了探讨。结果表明,钕的溶解度随温度升高而增大,金属溶解后生成NdOF和NdF2,溶解产物参与了渣泥的生成;通过降低电解温度到1040±10℃,并以95 g.min^-1的加料速度控制好加料,可以提高电流效率。     

钕电解相关物质理论分解电压的计算

本文计算了NdF3-LiF-Nd2O3体系各物质的理论分解电压。结果表明,采用惰性阳极,理论分解电压按Nd2O3、NdF3、LiF顺序依次增大,温度升高,理论分解电压降低;采用活性阳极(石墨)时,Nd2O3与石墨反应生成CO和CO2,其理论分解电压较小,反应较易发生,尤以生成CO的反应更易发生。但当电流密度较高或Nd2O3浓度较低时,可能生成碳氧氟化合物及氟碳化合物,并发生阳极效应,各物质的理论分解电压也随温度的升高而降低。     

NdF_3-LiF-Nd_2O_3体系表面张力数学模型的研究

用拉筒法研究了低NdF3 浓度下NdF3-LiF体系的表面张力 .采用二因子二次回归正交设计 ,得出表面张力 (σ)与NdF3 含量 (C)、温度 (t)的回归方程 ,讨论了NdF3含量、温度对表面张力的影响 ,并考察了加入Nd2 O3 对体系表面张力的影响     

电解法制备铝钪合金的物理化学性质研究

熔盐体系的物理化学性质对熔盐电解有很大影响,本文以冰晶石为电解体系,研究了添加不同含量的Al2O3、LiF及Sc2O3对电解质的初晶温度、密度和电导率的影响。结果表明：Alzos、Sczos的添加有助于降低电解温度,实现节能降耗;Sc2O3的加入对电解质的密度和电导率影响较小,可以保证使电解过程稳定进行;LiF的加入可有效降低初晶温度,提高电导率,是一种性能优良的添加剂。本研究结果为工业电解铝钪合金的电解质体系的选择提供了理论依据,具有重要的现实意义。     

PrF_3-NdF_3-LiF-Pr_6O_(11)-Nd_2O_3体系熔盐电导率性能研究

采用连续变化电导池常数法(CVCC法)系统研究了PrF_3-NdF_3-LiF-Pr_6O_(11)-Nd_2O_3体系熔盐的电导率。研究发现,该体系熔盐的电导率随温度的升高而增大;随LiF含量的增加而降低。在0～0.6%的REO浓度范围内,熔盐电导率随REO浓度的增加而增加;在0.7%～1.4%的REO浓度范围内,熔盐电导率随REO浓度的增加变化不明显;在1.5%～2%的REO浓度范围内,熔盐电导率随REO浓度的增加而降低。研究结果为优化稀土电解质组分,实现稀土电解生产的节能降耗提供理论支撑。     

NdF3-LiF-Nd2O3体系粘度的研究

采用坩埚扭摆法研究了 Nd F3- L i F熔盐体系的粘度 ,讨论了 Nd F3含量及温度对体系粘度的影响 ,并考察了加入 Nd2 O3对体系粘度的影响。合理地解释了个别组分熔盐粘度出现异常的现象     

NdF3-LiF-Nd2O3系熔盐密度的研究

用阿基米德法研究了ＮｄＦ３－ＬｉＦ体系熔盐的密度。采用二因子二次回归正交设计，得出密度（ρ）与ＮｄＦ３含量（ｃ）、温度（ｔ）的回归方程，讨论了ＮｄＦ３含量及温度对熔体密度的影响，并考察了加入Ｎｄ２Ｏ３对体系密度的影响。     

钕电解阳极过电位的测定

用慢扫描示波法测定了钕电解的阳极过电位 .考察了温度、阳极电流密度、Nd2 O3添加量、电解质组成等因素对阳极过电位的影响 ,探讨了降低阳极过电位的可能途径 .结果表明 ,阳极过电位随阳极电流密度的增加而增大 ,随温度的升高而减小 ,一定范围内 ,阳极过电位与阳极电流密度的对数呈线性关系 ,满足塔菲尔方程 ;电解质中LiF和Nd2 O3浓度增加 ,阳极过电位降低 ;适当控制阳极电流密度、升高温度、增加电解质中LiF和Nd2 O3的浓度并尽可能减小极间距 ,均有利于降低阳极过电位     

Density and ionic structure of NdF3-LiF melts

NdF3-LiF melts are commonly used in the electrolysis process of metallic neodymium production. Research on the density and ionic structure of the electrolyte is important for its close connection with the electrolysis mechanism and process. In this paper, the density of LiF-NdF3 melts was studied by the Archimedes method. The results showed that the density decreased with increasing temperature and LiF contents. The changing law was discussed and explained in terms of the micro ionic structure of the melts....     

Study on F-F Transitions of Powdered Neodymium Compounds by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Wettability and interfacial behaviour of NdF3-LiF-Nd2O3 on TiB2-based ceramics

Wettability of TiB2-based ceramics by NdF3-LiF-Nd2O3 melt was studied using sessile drop technique in this paper. Wetting ex-periment was carried out under inert atmosphere at 1050 ℃. Chemical reactions which occurred on the solid-liquid interface and solid-gas interface during wetting process were discussed by thermodynamic calculations combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Micromorphoiogy and element distribution of fracture surface at the interfacial region of solid/liquid system were analyzed by scanning elec-tron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Contact angles of the drop were determined as a function of time in order to describe the wetting process, and wetting phenomenon was interpreted fi'om a viewpoint of interface structure. The results showed that wetting was a dynamic wetting process with characteristics of reactive wetting. Penetration and oxidization phenomena during the experiment had great effect on wetting process.     

Effects of Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er Dopant on Electrical Properties of BaTiO3 Ceramics

BaTiO3 ceramics doped with various quantities of Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Gd2O3, Dy2O3 and Er2O3 were prepared respectively ( the adulterate concentrations were 0. 001,0. 002, 0. 003, 0.005, 0. 007 mol fraction) through a sol-gel method and their electrical properties were researched. It is found that each adulteration of Nd2O3, Sm2O3 Gd2O3,Dy2O3 and Er2O3 all can make the resistivity of BaTiO3 ceramics decline , especially Sm2O3 and Gd2O3. When the addition of Sm2O3 is 0. 001 mol, the resistivity is the smallest, declining from 4.0 × 1012 to 6.5 × 103 Ω different kind of rare earth exhibits different regularity. The grain resistance of BaTiO3 ceramics doped with Sm2O3 or Gd2O3 exhibits a NTC effect, at the same time the grain boundary resistance has a PTC effect, and the grain boundary resistance is much larger than the grain resistance, so the PTC effects of BaTiO3 ceramics doped with Sm2O3 or Gd2O3 originate from the grain boundary. The additions of Nd2O3 , Gd2O3 or Er2O3 make the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of BaTiO3 ceramics change evidently, especially Nd2O3. The dielectric constant is larger than that of pure BaTiO3 ceramics, on the other hand, the dielectric loss is much lower, which is useful in capacitor fields.     

14-3-3 facilitates Ras-dependent Raf-1 activation in vitro and in vivo

14-3-3 proteins complex with many signaling molecules, including the Raf-1 kinase. However, the role of 14-3-3 in regulating Raf-1 activity is unclear. We show here that 14-3-3 is bound to Raf-1 in the cytosol but is totally displaced when Raf-1 is recruited to the plasma membrane by oncogenic mutant Ras, in vitro and in vivo. 14-3-3 is also displaced when Raf-1 is targeted to the plasma membrane. When serum-starved cells are stimulated with epidermal growth factor, some recruitment of 14-3-3 to the plasma membrane is evident, but 14-3-3 recruitment correlates with Raf-1 dissociation and inactivation, not with Raf-1 recruitment. In vivo, overexpression of 14-3-3 potentiates the specific activity of membrane-recruited Raf-1 without stably associating with the plasma membrane. In vitro, Raf-1 must be complexed with 14-3-3 for efficient recruitment and activation by oncogenic Ras. Recombinant 14-3-3 facilitates Raf-1 activation by membranes containing oncogenic Ras but reduces the amount of Raf-1 that associates with the membranes. These data demonstrate that the interaction of 14-3-3 with Raf-1 is permissive for recruitment and activation by Ras, that 14-3-3 is displaced upon membrane recruitment, and that 14-3-3 may recycle Raf-1 to the cytosol. A model that rationalizes many of the apparently discrepant observations on the role of 14-3-3 in Raf-1 activation is proposed.