固壁旁激光空泡生长和溃灭特性的实验研究

采用两套基于光偏转原理的光纤传感器测量了固壁旁激光空泡脉动全过程及空泡溃灭对靶材造成的破坏。通过实验获得了激光空泡在靶表面两次膨胀收缩的全过程,判定了空泡在两次脉动中对应的最大、最小泡半径和溃灭周期,并推算了空泡泡壁速度随时间的变化关系。此外,在脉冲激光作用下,水中靶材依次受到激光烧蚀压力和激光空泡在固体壁面附近溃灭时产生的射流冲击力的作用,且射流冲击力是造成靶材破坏的主要原因。     

固壁面附近空泡溃灭研究

采用自行研制的基于光偏转原理的力学传感器及压电陶瓷探针式水听器PZT,对激光诱导的空泡在固壁面附近溃灭进行了实验研究。结果表明,在脉冲激光作用下,空泡溃灭将依次产生射流和声脉冲,且射流产生时刻早于空泡溃灭时刻;空泡渍灭过程中泡能转换为声能的比例随脉动次数增加而增大;比较实验所得的声脉冲信号和射流信号,得到了声脉冲是空泡第二次溃灭过程中主要衰减方式的结论。     

固壁旁激光空泡生长和溃灭特性的实验研究

采用2套基于光偏转原理的光纤传感器(OBD),测量了激光空泡脉动全过程及空泡溃灭对靶材造成的破坏。通过实验获得了激光空泡在靶表面2次膨胀收缩的全过程,判定了空泡在2次脉动中对应的最大、最小泡半径和溃灭周期,并推算了空泡泡壁速度随时间的变化关系。实验发现,在脉冲激光作用下,水中靶材依次受到激光烧蚀压力和射流冲击力作用,且射流冲击力是造成靶材破坏的主要原因。     

调Q激光作用水中靶材表面引起的力学效应分析

在分析强激光作用下水中靶材产生的力学效应和力学特性基础上,用基于光偏转原理制做的光纤力学传感器测量了不同激光能量的水下靶材表面的瞬态压力,得到了调Q-Nd：YAG激光等离子体冲击波和空泡射流的压力信号,并从耦合动量角度进行比较,计算出等离子体烧蚀力的冲量和射流的冲量.结果表明,空泡射流的力学效应与等离子体冲击波的一样重要,有时甚至更明显.     

激光空蚀机理的实验研究

采用自行研制的力学传感器,研究了激光等离子体空泡溃灭对固壁的空蚀破坏机理.结果表明:空泡溃灭产生的射流和高压脉冲对空蚀形成起主导作用;高压脉冲和射流对固壁的空蚀破坏效果取决于反映空泡泡心与固壁间距离的无量纲参数γ,并给出了距离界限;这两种作用机制在空蚀过程中存在着此消彼长、相互竞争.     

表面张力对固壁旁空泡生长和溃灭行为的影响

采用两套光偏转测试装置对不同表面张力液体中激光空泡脉动及溃灭特性进行了实验研究,获得了液体表面张力改变对固壁近旁空泡生长和溃灭过程的影响.结果表明,表面张力延缓了空泡的膨胀过程,加速了空泡的溃灭;表面张力对空泡溃灭的影响要强于对膨胀的影响;液体张力越大,空泡脉动周期越短,且空泡对应的最大泡半径越小而收缩所能达到的最小泡半径亦越小.此外,液体张力越大,射流所产生的瞬时冲击力越大,即表面张力加强了液体射流对固壁的空蚀作用.研究结果可为水下激光加工、激光医疗、空化空蚀相关流体力学的研究提供一定的理论和实验支持.     

不同环境压强下激光空泡溃灭射流的实验研究

为了研究环境压强对固壁面附近激光空泡溃灭射流的影响,采用光偏转方法对固体壁面附近空泡溃灭行为进行了实验研究,得到了不同环境压强下空泡的溃灭时间、溃灭射流冲击压强。结果表明,相同激光能量下,环境压强对空泡溃灭时间、射流冲击压强都有非线性的影响关系,环境压强越大,溃灭时间越小,射流冲击压强越大;在空泡溃灭的前期,泡壁加速率较小且受环境压强的影响较小;在溃灭的后期,射流形成,空泡上表面泡壁中心点速率迅速增大,且相应阶段的加速率随着环境压强的增大而增大。这一结果对激光水下加工及空泡动力学的研究有积极的意义。     

中性盐溶液中激光力学效应的研究

针对激光在中性盐溶液中对靶材的力学效应问题,基于压电加速度传感器测振原理,通过对悬臂梁不锈钢靶材振动测试与分析,得到毫秒级可见波长532nm、红外波长1064nm脉冲激光在中性盐溶液中对不锈钢靶材的冲击力.结果表明:中性盐溶液中的不锈钢靶材在激光作用下受到的冲击力达到10MPa数量级;红外激光对靶材的作用力随溶液中激光传输距离的增大而减小,而绿光激光对靶材的作用力在传输距离20mm内基本不变.     

激光空泡脉动特性的实验和理论研究

采用自行研制的基于光偏转原理的高灵敏度光纤传感器研究了激光在水中铝靶表面产生的等离子体空泡及其脉动特性。通过实验获得了激光等离子体空泡在靶表面两次膨胀收缩的全过程；判定了空泡在两次脉动中对应的最大和最小泡半径。进而结合空泡溃灭理论，推算了激光空泡在各次脉动周期中含气量的变化。实验结果表明，激光空泡的含气量越小，空泡收缩越剧烈，气泡所能收缩的最小泡半径越小，其相应溃灭周期也越短。     

激光声特性与激光脉冲能量对应关系研究

分析了激光脉冲能量与激光声特性的对应关系.采用脉冲能量可调的Nd∶ YAG激光器产生激光声信号,利用水听器测量激光声信号.结果表明,激光脉冲能量在70～300mJ范围内变化时,随着激光脉冲能量的增加,激光声信号峰值声压具有线性增加的趋势,等离子体膨胀声波与空泡溃灭声波的时间间隔也相应增加,等离子体膨胀声波的峰值声压比空泡溃灭声波的峰值声压低,激光声信号的主频与脉冲能量的对应关系较弱.     

CMOS存储器瞬时辐照效应规律实验研究

对超深亚微米存储器(32 k SRAM)激光辐照下的剂量率效应进行了初步研究,实验测量了SRAM激光辐照下的效应规律,比较了零时SRAM的状态(读状态和片选无效状态)对效应规律的影响,得到了一些初步的效应规律.     

Acoustic studies of the role of immersion in plasma-mediated laser ablation

Several experiments were performed to understand the increased efficiency of microsecond-domain pulsed visible laser fragmentation of urinary and biliary stones produced by immersion in water. An optoacoustic sensor and a piezoelectric transducer were used to measure the effect of water immersion on the stress wave traveling through a stone during laser-induced ablation. The stress wave signal increased by a factor of 10 with immersion and was proportional to the square root of laser fluence. The temporal and spatial behavior of the stress wave and cavity (bubble) generated in the surrounding water were examined using pump-probe and microsecond-flash photographic techniques. The results suggest that improved fragmentation efficiency can be explained by confinement of a plasma by water.     

激光空泡溃灭辐射声波声谱特性研究

为了对高功率激光与液体物质作用时产生的激光泡溃灭辐射声波的声谱特性进行实验研究,采用压电陶瓷水听器测量了不同情况下的激光泡溃灭声波,对采集的信号经过傅里叶变换后得到相应的声谱进行谱分析.结果表明,激光泡半径大小对应着不同的声波频率,泡半径大的,声波频率较低.这一结果对空化噪声的理论与应用研究是有帮助的.     

强激光清除空间碎片的力学行为初探

给出强激光清除空间碎片过程中 ,随推进深度的变化 ,激光功率密度的改变及相应的推进速度。根据流体力学问题 ,推导出强脉冲激光作用在空间碎片上时的烧蚀率 ,及碎片受到的推力。以空间碎片其中的一种成分铝为例 ,模拟计算出在一个强脉冲的作用下 ,激光的烧蚀质量 ,相应的烧蚀率 ,碎片受到的推力 ,及耦合系数等物理量的数值     

Comparison of the effects of absorption coefficient and pulseduration of 2.12-μm and 2.79-μm radiation on laser ablation oftissue

Erbium and holmium lasers are attractive for minimally invasive surgical applications as they operate at wavelengths where tissues exhibit strong absorption due to their water content and because these wavelengths are transmittable through optical fibers. In this study, the basic physical mechanisms underlying tissue ablation and the laser-induced tissue effects using pulsed Er:YSGG (2.79 μm) and Ho:YAG (2.12 μm) laser radiation are presented and compared, Q-switched (τ=40 ns, E⩽50 mJ) and free-running (τ=250 and 400 μs) Er:YSGG (E=100 mJ) and Ho:YAG (E⩽1 J) laser energy was delivered in water via a 400-μm fiber. The dimension and lifetime of the expanding and collapsing bubbles and the laser-induced pressure in water after each laser pulse were measured with fast-flash videography and time-resolved pressure measurements. Depending on the absorption coefficient, pulse energy, and pulse duration, three different regimes were distinguished: evaporation, tensile-stress-induced cavitation, and explosive vaporization. In vitro tissue effects, ablation depth, and extent of tissue damage on meniscus treated under water and on cornea treated in air were investigated and examined histologically. Er:YSGG radiation, due to its 100 times higher absorption than Ho:YAG radiation, exhibited a high tissue ablation efficiency with a relatively small zone of coagulated tissue (Q-switched 4-10 μm, free-running less than 100 μm), whereas the coagulated tissue zone was 300-1000 μm after free-running and 100-120 μm after Q-switched Ho:YAG laser impact     

激光电化学复合加工的冲击空化检测及试验

为了测量脉冲激光击穿电解液下产生的声压信号,探讨冲击空化效应对激光电化学复合加工的作用和影响,建立了激光电化学复合加工检测系统。采用水听器采集脉冲激光聚焦电解液下产生的声压信号,使用示波器对声压信号进行存储、XVIEWER软件对声压波形分析和计算,最后对激光电化学复合加工的区域进行拍照,并分析冲击空化效应对激光电化学复合加工后的形貌特性和表面质量的作用和影响。结果表明,脉冲激光聚焦电解液下,产生冲击空化效应,向外辐射3个不同声压信号;随着激光能量的增加,激光冲击空化的3个声压变大,空泡的半径和泡能均增加;在激光电化学复合加工中,激光能量增加,产生的等离子冲击波和射流力越大,工件去除的量越多;空泡脉动促进电解液的流动,对加工区域的微观形貌和表面质量起重要作用。这一结果对复合加工的过程和形貌是有帮助的。     

Nd：GdCOB晶体1331.0nm自倍频特性

计算了Nd:GdCOB晶体的相位匹配角。用Datachroom-5000染料脉冲激光作为泵浦源,在Nd:GdCOB晶体中实现了由1331.0nm到665.5nm的自倍频激光运转,阈值能量为14.2mJ;当泵浦能量为25mJ时,665.5nm激光的输出能量为0.62mJ,相应的转换效率为2.5%。     

Experimental study of temperature effect on the growth and collapse of cavitation bubbles near a rigid boundary

The effect of temperature on the dynamics of a laser-induced cavitation bubble is studied experimentally. The growth and collapse of the cavitation bubble are measured by two sensitive fiber-optic sensors based on optical beam deflection (OBD). Cavitation bubble tests are performed in water at different temperatures, and the temperature ranges from freezing point (0 °C) to near boiling point. The results indicate that both the maximum bubble radius and bubble lifetime are increased with the increase of temperature. During the stage of bubble rapidly collapsing in the vicinity of a solid surface, besides laser ablation effect, both the first and second liquid-jet-induced impulses are also observed. They are both increased with liquid temperature increasing, and then reach a peak, followed by a decrease. The peak appears at the temperature which is approximately the average of freezing and boiling points. The mechanism of liquid temperature influence on cavitation erosion is also discussed.     

Nd∶GdCOB晶体1331.0nm自倍频特性

计算了Nd∶GdCOB晶体的相位匹配角.用Datachroom-5000染料脉冲激光作为泵浦源,在Nd∶GdCOB晶体中实现了由1331.0nm到665.5nm的自倍频激光运转,阈值能量为14.2mJ; 当泵浦能量为25mJ时,665.5nm激光的输出能量为0.62mJ,相应的转换效率为2.5%.