关联规则挖掘的两种改进算法

针对Apriori算法的主要问题，提出了关联规则挖掘的两种改进算法：高维分解法通过遍历事务数据库形成高维频繁项目集和关联规则，然后直接分解高维关联规则得到低维关联规则；前缀广义链表法先通过对事务数据库的遍历形成前缀链表，然后再次扫描事务数据库，遍历其前缀链表，根据判断每个事务是否与其中的一条路径完全或部分重合而找到关联规则。这两种算法均能极大地减少事务数据库的遍历和大规模候选序列集的产生，提高挖掘算法的效率，使得关联规则的产生简单化。     

采用频繁项目链表变换的频繁项目集挖掘算法

频繁项目集的产生是关联规则挖掘的关键问题,经典的关联规则挖掘算法是通过对事务数据库的多次扫描实现的.最新的研究已经开始探索合适的数据结构以支持进行极少次数的事务数据库的扫描,进而减少关联规则挖掘过程中巨大的I/O开销以获得更高的效率.文中利用频繁项目链表的数据结构,给出了一种仅需扫描两次事务数据库的关联规则挖掘算法 ,称为FILLT算法.该算法采取分而治之策略,对频繁项目链表实施分割、变换来进行关联规则挖掘.文中最后对这一算法的效率进行了理论分析和实验验证.     

基于粗糙集和单事务项组合的关联规则挖掘算法

Apriori算法必须反复地扫描数据库才能求出频繁项集,效率较低,且不支持更新挖掘。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种基于粗糙集、单事务项组合和集合运算的关联规则挖掘算法。本算法首先利用粗糙集进行属性约简,对新决策表中的每个事务进行“数据项”组合并标记地址,然后利用集合运算的方法计算支持度和置信度即可挖掘出有效规则。本算法只需要一次扫描数据库,同时有效地支持了关联规则的更新挖掘。应用实例和实验结果表明,本算法明显优于Apriori算法,是一种有效且快速的关联规则挖掘算法。     

一种新的动态频繁项集挖掘方法

频繁项集挖掘是关联规则挖掘的重要步骤。在数据动态变化的环境下进行关联规则挖掘具有重要的现实意义。提出一种动态频繁项集挖掘算法,该算法建立在前一阶段挖掘的基础上,能避免过多地扫描数据库而影响挖掘性能,在最后生成全局频繁项集时,不需要全程扫描数据库,根据之前挖掘结果有选择地扫描相关的事务子集。实验表明,该算法挖掘性能远远优于Apriori算法,能有效地实现在数据动态变化环境下的挖掘频繁项集。     

数据挖掘中常用关联规则挖掘算法

文中首先介绍了数据挖掘中关联规则的经典算法——Apriori算法。再从宽度、深度、划分、采样、增量式更新等几个角度对关联规则挖掘进行了分类讨论。然后运用文献查询和比较分析的方法对常见的关联规则挖掘算法进行了概述,主要包括FP—growth算法、DHP算法、Partition算法、FUP算法、CD算法等算法。最后对关联规则挖掘的发展远景进行了展望。     

一种改进的Apriori算法

关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘研究领域中的一个重要任务,旨在挖掘事务数据库中有趣的关联。Apriori算法是关联规则挖掘中的经典算法。然而Apriori算法存在着产生候选项目集效率低和频繁扫描数据等缺点。提出了一种新的Apriori的改进算法,该算法在生成k(k>1)项频繁集时,不需要重新扫描数据库,只是在生成1项频集时,才需要扫描事务数据库,有效地减少了对事务数据库的读操作,在时间复杂度上较经典的Apriori算法有更加优越的性能。     

一种改进的关联规则挖掘算法

提出了一种基于聚类的挖掘关联规则Apriori改进算法，该算法只需扫描一次事务数据库，直接按事务项数生成聚类表，每次只需扫描部分聚类表就可生成频繁项集，减少了扫描数据库的次数和计算成本，从而有效提高挖掘关联规则的效率。     

一种适用于Web日志挖掘的关联规则发现算法

Apriori算法是一种经典的关联规则发现算法。针对Web日志挖掘的特点,在Apriori算法基础上给出一种适用于动态事务数据库挖掘的关联规则发现算法,并对比该算法与Apriori算法的区别。将该算法应用到网站的日志挖掘中,实验证明该算法的性能较原算法有一定的提高。     

基于十字链表的Apriori算法的研究与改进

在关联规则挖掘中,主要的问题是如何高效地产生频繁项集。对近年来一些基于十字链表的Apriori算法进行研究和分析,发现它们的候选频繁项集生成方法有很大的改进空间。提出一个基于十字链表的改进算法,优化候选频繁项集的生成方法,减少对事务数据库的扫描,大大提高了挖掘效率。     

一种基于事务压缩的关联规则优化算法

通过对Apriori算法挖掘过程进行分析,提出了一种基于事务压缩的关联规则挖掘算法.该算法充分利用Apriori性质,通过减少候选集的组合和减少数据库的扫描来提高挖掘的速度和减少数据库的I/O操作时间的开销,有效提高了关联规则的挖掘效率.并在Apriori算法的基础上设计了Apriori改进算法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.