Al65Bi28Cu7偏晶合金的液-液相分离及凝固行为

利用电阻率法研究铜模冷却条件下Al₆₅Bi₂₈Cu₇偏晶合金的液-液相分离过程,并分析Al₆₅Bi₂₈Cu₇偏晶合金核壳结构的形成机理。研究结果表明,电阻率与温度关系曲线(ρ-T曲线)的异常变化证实了Al₆₅Bi₂₈Cu₇偏晶合金熔体的凝固先后经历了液-液相分离、偏晶反应和共晶反应,在偏晶反应温度以上ρ-T曲线出现的非线性变化主要来源于熔体内的浓度起伏。Al₆₅Bi₂₈Cu₇偏晶合金能够形成富Bi相包裹富Al相的核壳结构。     

三元Pb-Sb-Sn合金的快速凝固及组织特征

实现了三元Pb-12%Sb-4%Sn和Pb-15%Sb-10%Sn合金在深过冷条件下的快速凝固,实验中获得的最大过冷度分别为65 K(0.13TE)和70 K(0.13TL)。XRD分析表明,这两种合金在实验过冷度范围内均由(Pb)固溶体、(Sb)固溶体和SbSn金属间化合物三相组成。在小过冷条件下,Pb-12%Sb-4%Sn共晶合金的三相以层片状交替分布,协同生长。随着过冷度增大,(Sb)作为初生相以小平面方式生长,且三元层片共晶组织显著细化。对于Pb-15%Sb-10%Sn合金,其凝固组织由初生相、二相共晶和三元共晶组成,初生SbSn相以具有小平面特征的枝晶方式生长。在实验基础上,对三元Pb-Sb-Sn合金的形核特征和生长规律进行了理论分析。     

Zn、Y对普通凝固Mg-Zn-Y合金组织性能的影响

为了获得一种高质量的含有二十面体准晶相的准晶合金,采用金属型铸造方法制备了Mg-Zn-Y合金.利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和维氏硬度仪研究了Zn、Y元素对合金组织与性能的影响,并分析了准晶相的形成机制.结果表明,在普通凝固条件下准晶相可以直接在液相中形核并长大,合金硬度及准晶相的形貌、大小和分布与Zn、Y元素的含量密切相关.随着Zn含量的增加,Mg-x Zn-4.5Y合金硬度逐渐增大,组织中的准晶相由花瓣状向条状转变,且层片状共晶及α-Mg相逐渐消失.随着Y含量的增加,Mg-48Zn-y Y合金硬度逐渐增大,花瓣状准晶相数量逐渐增多,且层片状共晶组织变得更为致密.通过调节Zn、Y元素含量可以获得高质量准晶合金Mg-48Zn-13Y.     

Solidification structures of high niobium containing TiAl alloys

To understand the effect of alloy stoichiometry on the microstructural development and mechanical behavior of γ-TiAlbased materials, it is necessary to have a determination of the phase relationships for the TiAl alloy system near the γ phase field.Cast structures and phases of Ti-(43-47)Al-8Nb-(1-2)Mn (at%) alloys have been studied by using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Their solidification path and microstructure development during the solidification were analyzed. The experimental results show that the alloys with different Al contents form different macrostructures and microstructural morphologies. This indicates that the solidification paths are different with different Al contents. The alloy with 43Al forms equiaxed grain structure, and the solidification path is as follows: L → L β→β→α β→α β cores →α2 γ B2 cores. Whereas the alloy with 47Al forms columnar grain structure, and the solidification path is as follows: L → L β→α β L →α γ β cores →α2 γ B2 cores. The β phase is their primary solid phase and can be retained to ambient temperature. The alloy with 43Al solidifies completely into β phase. The peritectic reactions L β→α and L α→γ appear when the Al content increases to 47Al.     

Effect of AlP master alloy on grain refinement of primary silicon in eutectic Al-Si alloys

To obtain the finer primary silicon crystals, the proprietary Al-P master alloy was adopted to modify the eutectic Al-Si alloys and the most suitable modification process was made in the experiments. The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analysis indicate that the Al-P modifier has more advantages over Cu-P and Fe-P modifier in easily addition, no elemental alteration and less undercooling of primary silicon‘s solidification, which suggests the Al-P master alloy is an effective modifier of eutectic Al-Si alloys.     

Effect of AlP master alloy on grain refinement of primary silicon in eutectic Al-Si alloys

To obtain the finer primary silicon crystals, the proprietary Al-P master alloy was adopted to modify the eutectic Al-Si alloys and the most suitable modification process was made in the experiments. The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analysis indicate that the Al-P modifier has more advantages over Cu-P and Fe-P modifier in easily addition, no elemental alteration and less undercooling of primary silicon′s solidification, which suggests the Al-P master alloy is an effective modifier of eutectic Al-Si alloys.     

Al-Pb偏晶合金凝固过程中贫Pb层的形成机理

对Al-Pb偏晶合金开展了快速定向凝固实验,试样组织观察表明,在试样表面形成了一贫Pb层;建立了偏晶合金定向凝固过程中液-液相变的理论模型,模型中考虑了液滴的形核、扩散长大、液滴的空间迁移以及熔体的对流运动的影响。根据实际凝固条件进行了相关模拟计算,结果表明在凝固界面前沿存在一过冷区,在过冷度的峰值点附近弥散相液滴形核;贫Pb层的形成是形成相与坩埚的润湿性、液滴的径向迁移和熔体的对流运动共同作用的结果.     

电脉冲孕育处理对ZL201合金凝固组织的影响

采用新型孕育处理方法—电脉冲孕育处理(简称EPM)技术,对ZL201熔体进行处理,研究其改善合金组织的能力。脉冲电场处理工艺对凝固组织影响的实验结果表明:EPM孕育处理技术可细化ZL201的凝固组织,增加等轴晶数量;合金熔体经EPM孕育处理后,凝固组织中α相之间的共晶组织量有所减少,共晶组织形态呈粒状化,分布均匀。并据此结果,对电脉冲孕育处理技术细化凝固组织及Al2Cu量减少的机理进行了分析。     

Estimation of rod-like phase spacing in melt-grown eutectic composites

Directional solidification of rod-like eutectic is an important route to produce in situ composites. The rod-like phase spacing of composites is a crucial parameter in determining the properties of the materials. In this study, the rod-like phase spacing of melt-grown in situ eutectic composites is estimated by the method that is established based on the classical Jackson-Hunt theory and completed by considering the minimum undercooling principle in eutectic solidification at steady state. The density difference between the solid phases is also considered when calculating the diffusion field in the liquid. It is found that the rod-like phase spacing of in situ eutectic composites is generally a not unique value but displays a finite range under fixed growth conditions. Also, the range width, which decreases with increasing growth rate and vice versa, is only dependent on the intrinsic properties of an alloy at a given growth rate. By comparing with the experimental observations, the results show that the predicted spacings are in reasonable agreement with experimental data for nonfaceted-nonfaceted Succinonitrile-(D)camphor, MnSb-Sb, and Al-Al₃Ni alloys and faceted-nonfaceted MnBi-Bi system when growing in a coupled manner.     

Mg-Y4-Nd3合金的組織與摩擦磨損性能

研究了Mg-Y4-Nd3合金鑄態和T6處理(525℃固溶處理8 h,250℃時效處理16 h)后的顯微組織、力學性能和摩擦磨損性能。結果表明:鑄造Mg-Y4-Nd3合金共晶相分布在α-Mg固溶體晶界上,呈不連續網狀分布。經過固溶時效處理后,合金為等軸晶組織,共晶相基本固溶到-αMg基體中,時效析出沉淀相呈彌散分布。兩種處理合金的抗拉強度都隨溫度的升高而降低,伸長率均隨溫度的升高而升高,同溫度下,T6處理的合金抗拉強度高于鑄態合金。T6處理的合金在干滑動摩擦條件下,隨著載荷的增加,摩擦系數降低,磨損量增加,磨損機制由磨粒磨損伴有氧化磨損向剝層磨損過渡,在高載荷下磨損表面出現塑性變形擠出現象。     

TiA(l)-10Nb合金铸态组织演化规律的研究

研究Ti-(44～54)Al-10Nb合金铸态组织的演化规律,并确定全β凝固的TiAl-10Nb合金的成分范围.实验结果表明:Ti-(44～53)Al-10Nb合金的凝固组织为典型的柱状晶组织,Ti-54Al-10Nb合金的宏观组织为等轴组织;在其凝固组织(纵截面)上部存在较多的缩松,这主要是由于Nb元素的添加量加多,...     

Microstructure Characteristics and Apparent Viscosity of Hypereutectic Al-24%Si Alloy Melt During Semi-solid State Stirring

The microstructural evolution and apparent viscosity of hypereutectic Al-24%Si alloy during semi-solid state shearing were studied with a Searte type viscometer. When the alloy melt was continuously stirred from 720℃ to eutectic temperature, the primary Si crystals were gradually changed from elongated platelets to near-spherical shapes. It was found that some nondendritic a-phase formed when the melt was stirred below 585℃. The experiment showed that the semi-solid stirring had strong effect on inhibiting the anisotropic growth of Si crystals during solidification. The apparent viscosity of the alloy melt increased slowly with the decreasing of temperature before the formation of nondendritic α-phase, which caused the dramatic increase of apparent viscosity.     

Competitive growth of different phases in eutectic alloys under directional solidification

Directional solidification technique is widely applied not only to the research on the basic solidification theory, but also to manufacturing high-performance products, such as superalloy turbine blades with single crystal structure in aeronautical engines. In the field of eutectic solidification, eutectic structure can be designed more flexibly and serve at different properties compared to the single-phase structure. Furthermore, eutectic structure of in-situ composite produced by directional…     

Microstructure Evolution of Semi-solid Processed Hyper-eutectic Al-30%Si Alloy

Semi-solidmetalformingtechnologyhasachievedgreatprogressinthepasttenyearsbecauseitoffersmanypotentialadvamagessuchasformingnet-shapeparts,decreaseofmicrosegregation,reductionofporosity[1--3].Thistechnologyhasbeenappliedinproductionofsomehypo-eutectic...     

Solidified morphology and mechanism of bulk nanocrystalline Fe80P13C7 alloy at isothermal undercooling

The molten Fe80P13C7 alloys can achieve a large undercooling up to 320 K by fluxing technique.With the help of fluxing technique,the molten Fe80P13C7 alloys can be solidified at different undercooling(△T)through isothermal undercooling experiment.It is indicated that the microstructure of the solidified Fe80P13C7 alloy specimens is refined significantly with the increasing undercooling and the grain size is about 20μm,10μm,200 nm and 70 nm for△T=50 K,150 K,250 K and 320 K,respectively.The solidification morphologies of the solidified Fe80P13C7 alloy specimens under different undercooling are quite different.When△T=50 K,it presents a traditional solidification microstructure under a undercooling condition,composed of the primary dendrite and anomalous eutectic within the dendrites.When△T=150 K,a cell-like solidification morphology can be found,which can be proposed to be formed based on the nucleation and growth of spinodal decomposition mechanism.When△T=250 K,there is a strong direction of the solidification under an optical micrograph,two zones can be divided,and the microstructure of each zone presents a network which results from a liquid spinodal decomposition.When△T=320 K,the microstructure presents a random network completely.Microhardness test shows that the hardness of the solidified specimens increases with the undercooling.     

Ni_（78.6）Si_（21.4）合金的深过冷与凝固组织演化

深过冷技术研究是凝固科学中重要的研究领域之一.文中采用玻璃熔融净化与循环过热法使Ni78.6Si21.4合金获得了318K的过冷度,研究了其凝固组织随初始过冷度（ΔT）的演化规律,并对凝固组织中的亚稳相进行了分析.研究发现：当ΔT〈193K时,凝固组织为Ni3Si＋（Ni3Si＋α-Ni）非规则共晶;193K〈ΔT〈250K,凝固组织为α？Ni＋（Ni3Si＋α-Ni）非规则共晶;ΔT〉250K时,凝固组织为完全的非规则共晶;随过冷度的增加,过冷合金熔体中依次出现了亚稳相Ni31Si12相和Ni3Si2相.     

Sn对AX55铸造合金组织与蠕变性能的影响

为了提高Mg-5Al-5Ca(AX55)铸造镁合金基体组织和共晶组织的耐热性能,以Sn为变量设计了AX55-x Sn(x=0,0. 5,1. 0,1. 5)合金,研究了T61和T62对合金组织、硬度与蠕变性能的影响.结果表明,随着Sn含量的增加,合金基体中析出的Al2Ca相增多,使得α-M g基体得到强化.在共晶骨架相附近析出的CaMgSn相可使共晶组织得到强化.在175℃/70 MPa蠕变100 h条件下,AX55-x Sn合金的最小蠕变速率和蠕变总量随Sn含量的提高而降低. AX55-1. 5Sn合金性能最佳,且其最小蠕变速率为5. 21×10-8s-1,100 h总蠕变量为0. 065%.相比T61,T62能够提高AX55-x Sn合金的基体硬度和蠕变性能.     

AEC4112耐热镁合金冷凝过程中的物相变化研究

通过差热分析(DSC)及重熔-水淬实验,结合OM,SEM,XRD,EDS等检测手段,对AEC4112耐热镁合金冷凝过程中的物相变化进了行研究。结果表明:凝固过程中,AEC4112镁合金在604℃⁵84℃的温度区间内发生液-固转变,在584℃附近析出Al2RE相和Al11RE3相,在528℃584℃的温度区间内发生液-固转变,在584℃附近析出Al2RE相和Al11RE3相,在528℃⁵05℃区间内形成Al2Ca相;且其凝固过程为L→α-Mg,L→α-Mg+Al2RE,L+Al2RE→Al11RE3,L→α-Mg+Al2Ca。