生产过程是产品的质量保证

本文从过程和产品的概念入手,阐述了过程与产品的关系,产品是过程的结果。分析了影响产品质量的主要过程以及应对这些主要过程采取的控制方法和要求,只有准确地识别并确定形成产品的每个过程,特别是特殊过程和关键过程,并对其进行有效的控制,才能生产出符合标准、用户要求的产品,也就是说过程是产品的质量保证。     

玻璃熔制过程数学模拟的进展(Ⅰ)

本文分配合料熔化过程、澄清过程、均化过程、耐火材料侵蚀过程以及玻璃液流动过程和火焰空间传热过程来阐述数学模拟的应用和进展情况,并扼要介绍国内研究情况与今后发展重点。     

过程装备技术进展

针对过程装备的发展,着重阐述了过程装备制造技术、过程强化技术、过程装备成套技术在过程工业中的应用情况.     

影响多晶硅生产电耗的因素及控制措施

分析影响多晶硅生产电耗的因素(包括还原过程、氢化过程、电解制氢过程、干法尾气回收过程),提出生产多晶硅过程中降低电耗的措施。     

单元操作的过程强化

过程强化研究渐成热点,过程技术和设备是化工过程强化的两个方面。单元操作是化工过程基本操作,其过程的强化对化工过程有较大的影响。本文综述了化工原理课程中各主要单元操作的过程强化。     

我国化工过程装备技术的发展与展望

综述了我国热力流体过程装备、机械过程装备、传热过程装备、传质过程装备、化学过程装备及压力容器的技术进展,并展望了其发展方向。     

浅谈在土建施工过程中的质量控制

土建的施工过程中由于施工质量的不同,实际的土建施工过程也有所不同。合理的认识土建施工过程中相关的质量控制过程,加强土建施工企业的快速发展,改善相关的施工企业过程控制,加深综合性的施工管理认识过程,对施工中各项问题进行合理化的分析,有针对性的进行施工质量措施分析,提高施工质量控制过程中的相关问题,保证土建施工过程中的相关质量控制过程,保证施工管理质量的合理性。本文将针对目前土建施工过程中可能出现的一系列质量问题进行合理化的研究,对相关问题进行有效化的认识,从而提高土建施工过程中相关的质量控制过程。     

过程强化新技术及强化装置

介绍一种过程强化技术与装置。主要用于提高过程效率,解决现有过程强化方法需借提高流体流速来强化过程因而能耗过高、效果欠佳、应用范围不广或不能连续操作等问题。技术方案要点是:在过程设备上设置与之相配合的振荡装置,通过振荡装置使过程设备内的流体产生扰动,扰动破坏流动边界层,使流体获得附加雷诺数,产生适合过程要求的振荡,以强化过程设备内的工艺过程。其强化装置调节弹性大,适应范围宽,调节活塞驱动机构的运动速度、几何形状与尺寸、空间位置或更换挡板形式就能满足各种过程条件。该装置可用于多种过程以提高效率,节约能源、资金和减小设备体积,如传热、传质、化学反应过程等,可将间歇过程转化为连续过程。     

综合可靠性优化的化工过程参数优化

首先针对化工过程进行参数优化过程,考虑系统可靠性问题,提出了一种综合可靠性优化的参数优化模型,利用系统可用性对过程产品产量进行修正,从而将系统可用性加入到过程模型当中。其次在优化过程中。为了避免因过程模型太复杂而导致计算量大的问题,提出了结合Unisim模拟软件的优化实现方法,利用Unisim计算每次迭代过程中的过程模型和目标函数值,直至优化过程收敛。最后将以上方法应用在某天然气处理过程中。结果表明：综合可靠性优化的参数优化模型,提高了化工过程的经济效益;基于Unisim的优化过程,不需要简化过程模型,能简单、快速、有效地得到优化结果。     

过程FMEA在轮胎制造过程中的应用研究

过程FMEA即过程潜在失效模式分析,主要用来分析和评估工艺生产或产品制造过程可能出现的失效模式,以及这些失效模式发生后,对产品质量及性能的影响程度,从而有针对性地制定出预防措施。将PFMEA这一工具引入轮胎制造过程,并以轮胎成型过程为例,说明应用过程FMEA研究轮胎制造过程的实施方法。     

Confocal microscope—A valuable tool for examining wood-coating interface

The suitability of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in examining a wood-coating interface was evaluated using a clear coating system. A comparison of the images of the wood-clear coating interface obtained using CLSM and light microscopy (LM) showed a marked superiority of CLSM in revealing the details of the physical nature of the interaction between the clear coating and the wood cell walls in the surface layer. The most distinct advantage of CLSM was in its ability to clearly resolve penetration of the coating into very fine cracks in cell walls, details not obtainable with LM. The information presented here demonstrates that CLSM has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of the physical aspects of an interaction between the wood and coating at the interface.     

Failure of tannic acid to inhibit digestion or reduce digestibility of plant protein in gut fluids of insect herbivores

The rate of hydrolysis of the abundant foliar protein, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC), in enzymatically active gut fluid ofManduca sexta larvae is very rapid and is unaffected by the presence of tannic acid, even when tannic acid is present in the incubation mixture in amounts in excess of the amount of RuBPC. When this protein is dissolved in the denatured gut fluids ofM. sexta larvae orSchistocerca gregaria nymphs, large amounts of tannic acid must be added to bring about the precipitation of significant quantities of protein. The ability of insect gut fluid to prevent the formation of insoluble tannin-protein complexes is due to the presence of surfactants. On the basis of our results and a review of the findings of other investigators, we argue that there is no evidence that tannins reduce the nutritional value of an insect's food by inhibiting digestive enzymes or by reducing the digestibility of ingested proteins and, further, that the failure of tannins to interfere with digestion is readily explained on the basis of well-documented characteristics of the digestive systems of herbivorous insects. In challenging the currently popular notion that tannins are digestibility-reducing substances, we do not challenge the general utility of either the apparency theory or resource availability theory of plant defense. In debating the merits of these two analyses of plant-herbivore interactions, however, the demise of tannins as all-purpose, dose-dependent, digestibility-reducing defensive substances must be taken into account.     

机制砂岩性与级配对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响

为了探究不同岩性、不同级配机制砂对混凝土性能的影响,对三种不同岩性机制砂混凝土及天然河砂混凝土的工作性和抗压强度进行研究。此外,对比分析了四种混凝土在干湿循环制度下的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。结果表明,天然河砂混凝土的工作性优于机制砂混凝土,钙质机制砂混凝土的工作性略好于硅质机制砂混凝土。机制砂混凝土的抗压强度优于天然河砂混凝土,在硫酸盐侵蚀循环作用下的力学性能变化趋势与天然河砂混凝土基本一致。在相同级配条件下,机制砂混凝土的抗蚀系数高于天然河砂混凝土;机制砂岩性并不会对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能带来负面影响。级配良好的机制砂可以增强混凝土抗压强度和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。     

Functional properties of proteins in foods

The measurement of functionality of protein food ingredients has developed somewhat haphazardly, probably due to the wide range of proteins used as ingredients and the diversity of foods. Studies of the physiochemical properties of proteins should enable prediction of a proteins response to process environments and prove more fruitful than many of the empirical measurements of functionality. The effects of pH, salt type and concentration on the phase behaviour of the oilseed globulin and arachin, demonstrates the complexity of protein solubility and the inadequacies of simple tests that have arisen. Studies of the effects of salts and conditioning on meat fibres, coupled with measurement of the location of water in pellets from water holding tests enable the latter to be applied with increased confidence. Comparison of the endothermic transitions observed on heating with the development of storage and loss moduli allow the contributions of domains of skeletal muscle myosin to gel structure to be investigated.     

聚氨酯涂覆胶辊的研制

本文论述了彩色金属薄板生产用聚氨酯涂覆胶辊材料的合成原料选择、配方设计和工艺路线、以及力学性能和溶胀性能等．从测试数据看出．与美国进口样品相比．其力学性能和溶胀性能普遍优于后者。     

Factors affecting levels of some phenolic compounds,digestibility, and nitrogen content of the mature leaves ofBarteria fistulosa (Passifloraceae)

Levels of total phenolics, condensed tannins, acid detergent fiber, pepsin/cellulase digestibility, and nitrogen in mature leaves of 26 individuals of the ant-plant,Barteria fistulosa, have been determined. Analysis of the results in terms of the presence or absence of ants and the position of the branch from which the leaves were collected showed no relationship with concentrations of phenolics or fiber and only a weak relationship with digestibility and nitrogen. By contrast, light intensity strongly influenced levels of phenolics, notably condensed tannins, so that mature leaves of individuals growing in direct sunlight were less digestible and appeared to be of lower quality as food for herbivores than did mature leaves of individuals in shaded positions. Possible reasons for the variation in condensed tannin levels are discussed.     

Aggregation pheromone system of adult gregarious desert locust schistocerca gregaria (forskal)

Six electrophysiologically active aromatic compounds, viz., anisole, benzaldehyde, veratrole, guaiacol, phenylacetonitrile, and phenol, were identified in the volatiles of older-adult male desert locust. Young adults and females of all age groups produced none or only trace quantities of these compounds. Comparison of the aggregation responses of young and older adults to the crude, older-adult, volatile extract and different synthetic blends of the six compounds showed that the aggregation pheromone system of the adult gregarious locust consists of phenylacetonitrile, guaiacol, phenol, and benzaldehyde. Like the crude volatile extract of older males, neither the synthetic blend of the six compounds nor the adult pheromone blend evoked any significant aggregation responses from nymphs. These results confirm our previous report of sexual differentiation in the production of adult aggregation pheromone in the desert locust and of the evidence of two distinct aggregation pheromone systems in the two stages of the insect.     

Effect of some floral scents on host finding by thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera)

The role of floral scents in host location by flower-dwelling thrips is investigated by experiment in the field. The scent of anisaldehyde significantly increased the catches of seven species of flower-dwelling thripid, but had no significant effect on three species of cereal thripid and one species of flower-dwelling aeolothripid. The catches of white (without UV) traps were increased by a factor of 3.3 to 8.3 in the presence of the scent.     

Measured kinetics of the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse to produce xylose

Experimental trials of the water hydrolysis of bagasse to produce xylose, arabinose and glucose were conducted using a temperature-controlled microwave digester. The experimental variables were temperature, ratio of water mass to bagasse mass, type of bagasse material and reaction time. The pH of the liquid and concentration of dissolved xylose, arabinose and glucose were measured at the completion of each trial. Kinetic modelling of the global rates of formation of monosaccharide products was performed using schemes based on earlier researchers’ models of acid hydrolysis using mineral acids. For the most plentiful product, xylose, the most accurate kinetic model of the global reactions was determined to be two parallel pathways for hydrolysis of xylan to xylose followed by a single pathway for xylose decomposition. The calculated activation energies of the reactions were within the range reported by other researchers for the hydrolysis of a range of lignocellulosic materials using mineral acids.