铜镍锰钴应变电阻合金的研究

为解决我国箔式应变计引进生产线用箔材国产化的问题，本所自行设计研制了一种新型的温度自补偿铜镍锰钴合金。该合金具有良好的性能复现性和工艺稳定性，制片后的各项性能十分优异，特别是其平均热输出系数Ｃｔ和对试件材料的适应性明显优于进口箔，是制造高精度箔式应变计的理想材料。     

中温箔式自补偿应变计的试制

用镍铬改良型合金丝(如卡玛、伊文、镍铬锰硅等)制成的各种温度自补偿式应变计,在中、高温范围内具有良好的性能。但由于丝材直径的限制及绕制时的困难,丝式应变计不能制得很小,很难制出形状复杂的“应变花”,生产效率也很低。因而人们试图采用镍铬改良型合金箔,利用光刻技术等工艺来取得较为理想的应变计。本文对我所采用重庆仪表材料研究所的镍铬改良型合金箔(KJI)制成两种中温(室温至250℃)箔式自补偿应变计及该类材料在使用温度范围内的性能等作了报导。     

浅析称重传感器的温度自补偿

1 电阻应变计的温度自补偿。对电阻应变计的温度效应来说,主要由两个因素引起,一个是应变合金丝（或箔）材料的电阻随温度变化而变化,另一个是传感器弹性体和应变合金丝（或箔）材料线膨胀系数不同引起的附加变形,使应变计电阻也产生了相应的变化.如果不考虑粘合剂的影响,当温度变化△t时,设应变计电阻丝栅电阻的改变量为△R1,则△R1=Rα△t（1）式中：R为应变计电阻;α为应变合金丝栅的电阻温度系数.     

高弹性导电合金Cu—Ni—Sn的研究现状

Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ｓｎ合金是调幅分解强化型合金。本文综述了Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ｓｎ合金的研究现状，对材料的制备，热处理工艺，合金的强化机理，微观结构，性能，及它们在电子工业中的应用作了介绍。     

高弹性导电合金Cu-Ni-Sn的研究现状

Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ｓｎ合金是调幅分解强化型合金。与铍青铜相比，该合金性能优良、价格便宜，因此是一种很有发展前途的铜基弹性材料。本文综述了Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ｓｎ合金的研究现状，对材料的制备、热处理工艺、合金的强化机理、微观结构、性能、及它们在电子工业中的应用作了介绍。     

新型Cu-Ni-Mn-Co系列合金创制成功并通过全国性专家鉴定

重庆仪表材料研究所承担的国家“七五”重点科技攻关项目《箔式电阻应变计自补偿铜镍合金精密箔材》,通过近5年的工作,已园满完成,于10月24～26日在重庆通过全国性专家鉴定。出席会议的有:机械电子、航空航天、轻工、高教和军队等系统的应变电测及其他学术界的知名专家,专家们对会议提供的各项文件资料进行了全面的审查和认真的讨论,一致认为:     

DD3单晶合金对开叶片TLP扩散焊工艺探索研究

以我国第一代镍基单晶高温合金DD3为研究对象，采用为DD3合金配制的非晶态箔状中间层合金D1F，对DD3合金瞬间过渡液相扩散焊(TLP扩散焊)接头组织与性能进行了分析，接头高温持久性能达母材性能指标的90％。同时对DD3单晶合金对开叶片扩散焊可行性进行了探索。     

加工工艺对钎焊箔材抗下垂性能的影响

研究了4004/3003/4004钎焊用铝合金箔材的成品轧制率、软化退火温度以及晶粒尺寸对其抗下垂性能的影响.结果表明:铝复合钎焊箔材的抗下垂性能与成品轧制前的软化退火温度以及成品轧制率有关;随着轧制率的升高,钎焊箔材的抗下垂性能的下垂值呈增加的趋势;冷加工率在10%～20%之间的钎焊箔材的抗下垂性能表现最好;进一步分析可知,箔材的晶粒度与其抗下垂性能有很直接的关系.     

Ni—Cr—Al电极材料的组织与性能

研究了Ｎｉ２Ａｌ－ＸＣｒ、ＮｉＡｌ－ＸＣｒ二个系列合金的显微组织与结构，并对合金的导电率、维氏硬度和三点弯曲性能进行了测试。本文还就不同Ｃｒ含量对合金性能的影响关系以及Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ａｌ合金作为真空断路器（ＶＣＢ）电极材料的应用前景作了进一步讨论。     

热电池及其阳极材料的研究与发展

叙述了热电池的发展过程，以及Ｃａ／ＣａＣｒＯ４和ＬｉＭｘ／ＦｅＳ２电池体系的电化学性能，着重介绍了ＬｉＭｘ／ＦｅＳ２热电池阳极材料的结构与电极性能，指出Ｌｉ－Ｂ合金是一种最有应用前景的阳极材料。     

The effect of short range order on the thermal output and gage factor of Ni3FeCr strain gages

The ability of alloy 70Ni‐27.5Fe‐2.5Cr to form an ordered crystalline structure upon application of elevated temperature and the resulting effects on a variety of physical properties such as magnetism, strength, electrical resistance, and specific heat are well known. This paper demonstrates that strain gages made with 70Ni‐27.5Fe‐2.5Cr foil with an ordered crystalline structure have both high gage factors and high thermal outputs. The thermal output for strain gages made of 70Ni‐27.5Fe‐2.5Cr foil is demonstrated to be about 1,374 μΩ/Ω/K. The gage factor is nonlinear ranging in magnitude from about 5.0 to 3.6 for applied strains of 300 and 1,300 μE, respectively. The magnitude of gage factor and thermal output correspond with transformation of the crystalline structure from a state of disorder to a state of order. Comparisons to strain gages made with 36Ni‐57Fe‐7Cr foil are provided because of its use in the manufacturing of metal foil strain gages and their demonstrated high gage factors and high thermal outputs. Practical application for 70Ni‐27.5Fe‐2.5Cr strain gages is demonstrated by dead‐weight loading of shear‐beam load cells at low applied strain levels to minimise the effect of nonlinear gage factor; and Wheatstone bridge cancellation of high thermal output.     

Non-contact strain measurement using metal foil gauges with the application of the laser speckle method

This paper presents a new method to measure cyclic strain with no contact using metal foil gauges assisted by the laser speckle method. When aluminium foil is pasted on a specimen and the specimen is loaded cyclically, slip bands are produced on the foil surface. There is a fixed relation between density of the slip bands and the strain amplitude or loading cycles depending on the foil material. Thus the fatigue strain of the base metal can be estimated by observing the surface change of the metal foil by the slip bands at a constant number of loading cycles. The method presented in this paper is intended to make a non-contacting strain measurement by the application of the laser speckle technique for the detection of the surface change. This method is based on observation of the changes in a laser speckle pattern depending on the surface roughness and surface property changes of the foil caused by fatigue. The laser speckle pattern can be analysed automatically and quantitatively using an image processing system.     

Influence of Adhesive Interlayer on the Distribution of Shear Stress Distribution Along the Resistive Line in a Three-Layer Package

The effects of an inhomogeneous strain field along the resistive line on the resistance of foil resistors with an adhesive interlayer are analyzed. The boundaries of the applicability of previously developed models are ascertained.     

CuZn37黄铜板料微塑性成形中的尺寸效应研究

为研究金属微塑性成形特点,对厚度不同及粗细两种晶粒尺寸的黄铜箔试样进行了单向拉伸和微弯曲实验,并采用经典塑性理论和应变梯度理论对弯曲回弹角进行了预测.粗晶粒板料试样单向拉伸实验表明,CuZn37黄铜的硬化曲线存在一种明显的尺寸效应,即板料厚度越小,屈服强度越高.弯曲回弹实验结果也存在另一种明显的尺寸效应现象,即板料厚度...     

直流电沉积纳米晶铁-镍-铬合金箔工艺、性能及其机理研究

在含三价铬的水溶液中,以氨基乙酸(gly)为配位剂,直流电沉积制备出Fe-Ni-Cr合金箔,研究了电流密度、铬盐浓度对合金箔成分的影响;采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对合金箔进行表征,并对合金箔的各项性能进行了研究;采用电化学方法对铬电沉积机理进行初探.确定直流电沉积Fe-Ni-Cr合金箔的最佳工艺条件为:电流密度为15A/dm2,铬盐质量浓度为50 g/L,温度为60℃,pH值为1.5.在此条件下可获得厚度为20～30 μm光亮、无裂纹的合金箔,其中Cr、Fe和Ni的质量分数分别为4％～6％、60％～65％、30％～35％.合金箔微观形貌为紧密堆砌的不规则板块状小晶粒;合金箔为纳米晶结构,晶粒尺寸在纳米范围内,主相是Cr与α-Fe或γ-Fe形成的间隙固溶体;合金箔中Cr含量提高,硬度、电阻及耐蚀性均随之提高.通过理论计算gly-Cr3+还原沉积的标准活化能为35.6kJ/mol,该过程由电子转移步骤控制.     

因瓦合金箔电沉积工艺的研究

对硫酸盐-氯化物电解液体系(含有LGJ复配稳定剂和添加剂)中电沉积因瓦合金箔的工艺进行了研究,讨论了电解液组成、电流密度、温度及pH值等因素对合金箔组成的影响,得到了制备因瓦合金箔的最佳镀液组成及工艺条件。阴阳极面积比为2∶1时,通过实验确定镍铁联合阳极面积比为1.8∶1。在上述条件下,实验获得组成稳定(Fe 64±2%)和性能优良的合金箔。通过SEM、EDS和XRD对因瓦合金箔的形貌及结构进行测定分析,表明合金箔晶粒细致、尺寸均匀、结构紧密、表面光滑平整、无孔洞和裂纹、晶粒结构为(111)、(200)、(311)及(222)织构,并表现为较强的(111)择优取向。     

The effect of trimming on strain gauge accuracy

During a programme of fatigue testing welded tubular joints, similar to those in use in North Sea offshore structures, it was necessary to measure the strain as close to the weld toe as possible and also to detect crack initiation. To this end general purpose miniature foil strain gauges were used. The backings of these gauges were trimmed prior to installation to enable placing the measuring grid as close as possible to the weld toe. The investigation described was carried out to assess the accuracy of these strain gauge installations.     

电沉积Zn-Ni-Sn合金工艺研究

采用碱性焦磷酸盐体系在电解铜箔上电镀Zn-Ni-Sn三元合金可改善铜箔表面的综合性能.通过研究主盐含量、pH值、温度、电流密度对镀层质量的影响,选择了合适的添加剂,并对其极化行为进行了研究,优化确定了电镀Zn-Ni-Sn三元合金的镀液组成和工艺条件.经过处理后的电解铜箔耐蚀性、耐热性和粘合强度等性能指标均有明显提高.     

Study on laser‐tungsten inert gas hybrid welding of dissimilar Mg alloy and steel with Ni as interlayer

Dissimilar Mg alloy and Q235 steel lap joints are produced by Laser‐ tungsten inert gas (TIG) hybrid welding with Ni as an interlayer. Fe and Ni are joined together in the form of solid solution, while Mg alloy and Ni foil are joined together by intermetallic compound Mg₂Ni. During tensile testing, the joints fail at the interface between Ni foil and Mg alloy. The shear strength of the Mg/Steel joints with Ni as interlayer is 170 MPa, which is higher than that without interlayer 120MPa.