烫金工艺在水性油墨印品中的应用

目的通过研究烫金温度、压力和时间等工艺条件不同时对水性油墨印品烫金图案抗氧化性能的影响,以提高印品烫金质量。方法实验研究并制备适合烫金的水性黑色油墨,通过凹版印刷在单面铜版纸表面采用不同的烫金条件进行烫印,研究烫金图案的抗氧化性能。结果当烫金温度为100℃、烫金时间为2 s、烫金压力为4 N时,水性油墨印品烫金图案抗氧化性能最佳。结论烫金温度、时间、压力对水性油墨印品烫金图案抗氧化性能影响较大。     

转移印刷中离型剂膜层厚度研究

离型剂膜层的最佳厚度,可使转印油墨在转印过程中的附着力达到理想值。在室温(25℃)条件下,利用不同涂布压力和涂布速度,在PET塑料薄膜表面涂布了不同厚度及不同质量配比的离型剂,干燥后再涂布了转印油墨。针对不同实验条件下得到的涂布薄膜进行了剥离实验,结果表明:离型剂涂布速度为0.1 m/s,涂布压力为300 N,膜层厚度为9μm,质量配比为3∶1时,转印油墨的剥离效果最理想。     

基于丝网印刷的亚克力基材烫印质量研究

目的解决亚克力基材烫印工艺中产生的橘皮、裂纹、糊版等质量问题。方法利用丝网印刷与热转印相结合的新技术,通过大量的实验及数据分析调整丝网工艺和烫印工艺,确定烫金浆和辅助剂的调配比例,干燥温度和时间,以及烫金温度。结果实验结果表明,烫金浆、固化剂和稀释剂的质量比为10∶2.5∶1.2时,烫金效果最好,不会出现亚克力烫金箔的橘皮现象;烫金浆的最佳烘干温度为80℃,最佳烘干时间为45 min,烘干、烫印温度为130~150℃时烫金效果最好,不会出现亚克力烫金箔的裂纹或糊版现象。结论烫金浆与辅助剂的质量比、烫金浆的干燥温度和干燥时间及烫印温度是决定亚克力烫金质量的关键因素。     

烫印的奇妙世界

烫印包含烫银和烫金又分热烫与冷烫。热烫顾名思义就是利用发热原理将产品图案印在承印物上的工艺。冷烫是由热烫而命名的,因其不需要加热,类似卡通贴的原理,利用胶水和压力共同完成将图案转移到承印物上的工艺,统称为冷烫。烫印种类多种多样,因材料、工艺要求的不同,所选烫印工艺也会发生改变,因工艺需求而进行技术选择,例如无料烫印、混合烫印、套烫等。烫印又分为烫金与烫银,烫金只是烫印工艺的一种名词,并不意味着颜色呈现标准。烫金也可以是其他颜色的电化铝,只要是呈现为金属光色的产品都可称为烫金,烫银的工作原理与烫金工艺大同小异,只是呈现的颜色不同。烫金纸的选择会根据承印物的不同而变化,不同材质的承印物需要使用相对应的烫金纸才能发挥出最理想的效果,由于烫印技术的应用广泛,可以满足很多承印物的印刷需求,因此也应运而生了很多种类的电化铝,使其更能完美的体现在承印物上与承印物更为契合。烫金烫银工艺简单阐述就是利用热力和压力的共同作用使烫金纸上的图案受到影响,从而转移到承印物体上体现出金属美感的一种印刷方法。     

PET柱镜光栅立体成像技术研究进展

目的 介绍柱镜光栅立体成像技术的原理、特点及其研究和应用进展。方法 综述柱镜光栅立体成像技术中,柱镜光栅微结构设计、PET柱镜光栅挤出成型工艺、“Magic 3D”软件设计制作的研究现状及应用进展。重点阐述柱镜光栅立体成像技术的分类及其制作方法,并对柱镜光栅立体成像技术在包装中的应用进行阐述。结论 近年来,柱镜光栅立体成像技术方面取得了大量研究成果,推动了酒类包装、食品包装行业的迅速发展。良好的柱镜光栅加密处理使平面图像产生立体感,被包装产品的质量安全得到有效管控。柱镜光栅立体成像技术在酒类包装、食品包装等方面得到了广泛应用,也是未来电子包装、医药包装、广告领域的发展方向之一。     

UV油墨光引发剂在食品包装材料中的残留分析

目的研究UV油墨光引发剂在食品包装材料中的残留行为。方法以2种常用的UV油墨光引发剂EDB和907为研究对象,分别以PET薄膜和铜版纸为承印材料,通过IGT印刷适性仪控制印刷膜层厚度,IGT UV干燥器控制紫外光固化时间,研究光照能量、墨层厚度和油墨浓度对光引发剂在食品包装材料中残留的影响。结果光引发剂残留量会随着光照能量的增加而减少,随着墨层厚度增加而增加。对于PET薄膜,油墨含量高时光引发剂的残留量比油墨含量低时大,而铜版纸结果相反,油墨含量高时光引发剂的残留量较小。结论在实际UV油墨印刷中,应提高光照能量,对于不同的承印材料应采用含量不同的油墨,以减少光引发剂的残留,降低其迁移风险,增加食品包装的安全性。     

热转移印刷中承印物热力学性能的研究

热转移印刷中温度及压力是影响印刷质量的关键因素,通过对热转移印刷中承印物的热力学性能研究,分析了承印物在高温条件下的蠕变曲线,以及热转移印刷中转印温度、转印时间及印刷压力对热转移印刷质量的影响,为实际印刷操作中转印温度的控制,转印时间及印刷压力的确定提供理论依据。     

电化铝烫印的质量控制措施

一、控制好印刷墨色质量关 可以说,印刷质量是烫印质量的源头环节。笔者在以往生产工艺实际中发现,印刷底色时,若油墨里的干燥剂用量过多的话,容易使印品墨层出现晶化现象,造成电化铝烫印不上;调墨时,若亮光浆、撤粘剂、调墨油、止干油、防粘剂等加入过量以及印刷油墨涂布量过多,都容易烫印不上或拉脱底色油墨层。印刷时也要注意适当控制好墨层的厚度,并尽量采用“深墨薄印”工艺,即把油墨色相调深一些,使印刷墨层相应减薄一点,这样既能符合印刷色相的要求,又有利于电化铝膜层的良好附着,实现顺利、牢固的烫印。此外,应尽量在墨层干燥、附着牢固的情况下进行烫印。     

水性 UV 油墨的制备及表征

目的为了确定水性UV油墨的制备、表征及其配方。方法采用高速分散法将连接料、颜料、去离子水和助剂分散均匀即可制得水性UV油墨,探讨了连接料的含量、光固化时间对水性UV油墨附着牢度的影响,以及光引发剂用量、墨膜厚度对墨膜光固化时间的影响。结果连接料的较佳质量分数为60%,墨膜的适宜固化时间为6 s,光引发剂的较佳用量为2%,墨膜的适合厚度为10μm。当m(连接料)∶m(颜料)∶m(乙醇和水)∶m(光引发剂)=6∶1∶2.8∶0.2时,水性UV油墨的综合性能较佳。结论该水性UV油墨具有干燥速度快、无污染、印刷质量高等优点,可广泛应用于包装印刷行业。     

基于承烫基材表面烫印图文氧化现象的分析与研究

目的 为有效降低烫印图文氧化现象的发生提供解决思路。方法 通过对比分析不同印刷层油墨、储存环境、承烫基材材质以及烫印箔技术工艺对烫印图文氧化现象的影响,得出具体方案。结果 水性油墨易引起烫印图文氧化,且颜色越深氧化现象越严重;温度高、湿度大的环境不利于烫印制品的储存;承烫基材材质粗糙度大、透气度高则更易出现烫印图文氧化现象;剥离强度较低的烫印箔有益于降低烫印图文氧化的发生概率。结论 为有效降低烫印图文氧化现象的发生,需要综合考虑印刷油墨类型、颜色深浅、储存环境、承烫基材材质各个因素,同时建议选用剥离强度较低的烫印箔进行烫印。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.