俄罗斯科学家发明使用微生物净化受石油污染土壤的新方法

俄罗斯彼尔姆国立科技大学的科研人员发明了借助红球菌属细菌净化受石油污染土壤的新方法。在彼尔姆州，由于大量开采石油，部分地区土壤受污染程度非常严重，地下水系也受到了严重威胁。科学家们经多年研究，发现了红球菌属细菌（Rhodococcus）对所有类型的石油碳氢化合物（从气态到固态）具有非常好的降解作用，它们甚至可以将粘稠的重油分解成具有表面活性的物质。     

印制电路板的清洗技术(二)

清洗印制电路板的传统方法是用有机溶剂清洗，由CFC-113与少量乙醇(或异丙醇)组成的混合有机溶剂对松香助焊剂的残留物有很好的清洗能力，这种有机溶剂对极性污垢和非极性污垢都有很好的溶解能力，但由于CFC-113对大气臭氧层有破坏作用，目前已被禁止使用，目前可选用     

光纤化学传感器监测石油污染

地表主要污染源之一为石油产品的存贮及配送设施。汽油、柴油、煤油及飞机燃料等均存贮在地面或地下油罐中，全世界这类油罐数以百万计而且大多数都使用了数十年，有可能产生泄漏。这种泄漏常常是缓慢的，大多数常规手段无法立即探查到。例如地面油罐的液面测量就没有效果，因为缓慢泄漏造成的变化与整个油罐容积相比微不足道，难以察觉。但是长期缓慢泄漏污染了地下及油罐周围的土壤，甚至使土壤饱和并污染了地下水。许多地区都已报道过大型油罐场下面的地下水面漂浮着数英尺的石油产品。以往检测水中的碳氢化合物是在现场或实验室对采样进…     

超声去除土壤中石油污染物的效果

土壤被石油污染之后,使得地里的植物不容易生长的很好,在他们之间存在食物的关系,这就会让人类的身体状况受到影响,所以,我们要实施有用的方法去进行治理。目前,根据研究数据统计,通过超声处理的办法来加强石油的污染物把土壤表面的污染物解决吸收,在超声的功率越来越强下,使得黏土的颗粒所吸附的稠油的数量就会减少,尤其是超声空化的作用,能够把土壤中所残存的油族等组分给去掉,其结果很是显著。     

用染料激光系统探测土壤污染

用染料激光系统探测土壤污染一种用於现场探测土壤和地下水中石油碳氢化合物的快速筛选仪器（ＲＯＳＴ）系统（以染料激光为基础的仪器），将可消除钻孔和取样的麻烦，用这种仪器可以通过激光感生荧光法就地探测石油碳氢化合物的污染。在普通取样法中，一般要化几千美元钻...     

现代数字石油矿区的构建与创新

为了更有效的提高储量和产量，同时降低成本，大型石油公司纷纷开始建设数字石油矿区。数字石油矿区对可持续发展有重要的意义，可以最大化地优化资源配置和产业结构，但是当前的数字石油矿区设计，指导性不强，还有很大的缺陷。本文从当前数字石油现状出发，将办公自动化技术和当前流行的虚拟现实技术引入数字石油矿区的设计之中，提出了一种新的数字石油设计的构想。     

低折射率液芯光纤喇曼光谱的实验研究

低折射率液体ＣＣｌ４溶于Ｃ６Ｈ５Ｂｒ，Ｃ６Ｈ６，ＣＳ２等有机溶剂中，充入空心石英光纤，获得了１０２倍以上的喇曼光谱。实验结果表明，有机溶剂浓度既影响ＣＣｌ４某些喇曼光谱线的强度（散射系统），也影响光纤数值孔径的大小。低折射率液体的光纤喇曼光谱存在着一个最佳溶液浓度。本文给出了实验结果，并进行简要讨论     

石油危机冻醒西方信息社会初露曙光

众所周知，阿拉伯国家与以色列的矛盾由来已久，而美国等西方国家对以色列则情有独钟。阿拉伯人心想：“我武力上打不过你，但我有石油，你让我没好日子过，我也让你过不好。”于是，上个世纪70年代，阿拉伯国家运用石油武器对支持以色列的国家实行石油禁运，削减石油产量，还从西方石油公司手中收回石油定价权。     

组合光谱法简化了石油勘探

石油和燃料维持世界正常运转，但它们也严重地污染了土壤和水。激光诱导荧光光谱已成为探测这些污染的可靠工具，尤其对土壤层的现场监测。现在Ｅｒｌａｎｇｅｎ－Ｎｕｒｎｂｅｒｇ大学的研究人员通过引入一个相对简单且有效的定标方法改进了这个过程。来自于亮沙土的背向散射光比来自暗泥土的要强得多，这一直是使用激光诱导荧光进行现场监测的一个颇为重要的问题，因为它使荧光信号产生颇大的改变。一些科学家对这些进行了研究，通过把漫反射率光谱组合进这项技术，研究人员能够弥补不同类型土壤引起的变化，从而简化了定标。激光诱导荧光…     

特色技术创新推进石油通信企业战略转型

石油通信专网是在公众网通信能力严重不足，而油田生产又迫切需要通信服务的历史条件下形成的。30多年来，石油通信专网在石油企业的发展建设中发挥着巨大的作用。近年来，在通信行业和石油企业内部发生的巨大变革，使石油通信企业陷入了前所未有的困境。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.