气液固三相管流耦合水击振动特性的参数影响分析

以气液固三相管流为研究对象,采用矢通量分裂法并结合Lax-Wendroff格式和迎风Warming-Beam格式,对浆液池-管道-阀门系统的耦合水击振动响应进行了数值计算,分析了含气率、固液密度比以及固液弹模比等参数对系统振动特性的影响。结果表明:增加含气率可有效地降低压力和应力波速,同时削弱流体压力波动和管道振动强度;当固液密度比增大时,管系振动强度随之增大,系统振动能量的增量主要集中在流体里,造成流体压能升高较快;随着固液弹模比的增加,管系压能和振动强度均增加,但增幅很小;当固液弹模比增加到某种程度后,其对系统压能和振动强度的影响可忽略。     

不同参数下液体振动管密度计计量特性的研究分析

正液体振动管密度计影响校准结果的主要参数有温度、压力、流量特性、液体黏度等参数,下面将分别开展讨论。一、温度压力影响实验表明,被测介质温度发生变化时会引起密度计传感器、振动管弹性模量等发生变化,会导致整个系统振动率发生变化,进而使测量密度值产生误差。当流体温度增加时,振动管长度随着热胀冷缩效应增加,从而使振动频率下降,而流体温度增加时,密度值必然下降,振动频率增加。流体压力变化同样会引起振动系统频率发生变     

气液两相入流条件下离心泵内部流动诱导特性实验研究

搭建了泵送气液两相流实验台,以比转速n_s=132.2的离心泵为模型进行气液两相入流条件下的流动诱导特性研究,获得了在不同进口含气率下的外特性和压力脉动、振动信号的频谱和概率密度图。研究结果表明:气液两相入流条件下,离心泵在小流量工况时的性能对气体更加敏感;模型泵在入流含气率超过8%以后,性能急剧下降且可测试的工况范围变窄并比较紊乱,能达到的最大入流含气率为10%;气液两相入流条件下,泵出口压力脉动主频仍为叶频,叶频处幅值随着进口含气率的增大而增大,含气率越大低频区的宽频特性越明显;压力脉动信号和振动信号均服从正态分布,随着进口含气率的不断增大,压力脉动的概率密度函数(PDF)幅值逐渐减小而压力幅值跨度逐渐变宽,振动的PDF幅值呈先增大,然后减小,在进口含气率为5%时达到最小(仍大于纯水工况),然后再增大的趋势,两者均可作为流态监测的重要依据。     

R30在矩形微通道内沸腾换热数值模拟

利用FLUENT软件,采用VOF两相流模型对制冷剂R30在横截面为0.5 mm×0.5 mm、长为500 mm矩形微通道内的沸腾换热进行了数值模拟。以制冷剂入口温度、压力和质量流率作为变量,得出了典型流型、壁面平均温度、换热系数、截面含气率等参数的变化规律。结果表明,提高制冷剂入口温度和压力有利于增强R30在微通道内的沸腾换热,换热系数随着质量流率的增大而增大,随着截面含气率的增大而减小。     

温湿效应下嵌入式共固化复合材料阻尼性能

将温湿环境实验与阻尼性能测试技术相结合,搭建了温湿环境中嵌入式共固化复合材料阻尼性能的实验测试平台,提出使用最小二乘技术求解相对阻尼系数的新方法,分别探讨了温度和湿热耦合参数对嵌入式共固化碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺复合材料阻尼系数的影响曲线。结果表明:嵌入式共固化复合材料的相对阻尼系数随温度的升高先增加再减小后增大;湿热耦合作用下相对阻尼系数随湿度和温度的提高而增大。为该新型复合材料阻尼结构的设计和全天候应用奠定了基础。      

一种小型流体阻尼隔振器的设计与实验

针对惯导敏感元件的振动隔离问题,提出一种小型流体阻尼隔振器,采用金属膜片作为弹性元件,通过黏性流体间隙流动产生阻尼耗能。给出计算金属膜片挠度的解析式,建立隔振器动力学模型,获得刚度-阻尼并联的两参数模型的动刚度表达式,进而分析两参数原理模型的振动传递特性,给出根据隔振性能指标设计刚度、阻尼的方法。根据测试与理论计算结果,二者的加速度传递率曲线吻合良好,且实验结果表明可将共振峰值抑制在6 dB以下。     

铁基多孔含油固定结合面法向动态特性研究

实验研究了多孔含油材料固定结合面法向刚度和阻尼特性,运用带有调节系数的等效单自由度结合面单位面积参数识别方法对其进行识别。该方法采用相对位移法,将任意质量为m的振动系统等效为质量是Me的标准单自由度系统。方便快速地识别出结合面的单位面积刚度和阻尼系数,识别精度高。通过等效单自由度参数识别方法,分别识别了45号钢无介质结合面和铁基多孔材料(含油介质)结合面的法向刚度和阻尼系数。对比表明实验所用铁基多孔材料含油结合面法向动态特性优于45号钢无介质结合面,在相同的法向预紧力下,前者单位面积刚度增加40%左右,同时前者单位面积阻尼系数增大5-6倍。     

参数激励下深海立管多模态耦合振动特性分析

由于浮体升沉运动影响,引起立管在水平方向上发生参数激励振动。参激振动可以引起平衡位置的不稳定性,如果系统参数组合落在不稳定区域,将导致立管振动破坏。针对简谐参数激励,建立立管横向振动方程,考虑立管内部张力沿轴线变化,立管固有频率和振型发生变化,参激振动出现模态耦合效应。采用Floquet理论分析了立管无阻尼和有阻尼时的参激稳定性,计算了临界参数激励下的动力响应。与单模态参激振动对比表明,同等阻尼下,模态耦合参激振动不稳定区域显著增大,更易发生参激共振。多模态耦合参激振动发生时,小激励也能激起大响应,特别是弯曲应力将显著增大。     

涡轮流量传感器测量水平气液两相流的实验研究

在气液两相流实验装置上,对3台具有不同导程叶轮的涡轮流量传感器测量水平气液两相泡状流的特性进行了实验研究.发现随着体积含气率的变化,3台传感器的流量特性曲线、仪表系数迁移量、重复性误差均会发生明显变化.具有较小导程叶轮的传感器,其性能优于其它两台传感器.对造成涡轮流量传感器测量特性改变与误差的原因进行了分析讨论,并对体积含气率变化影响涡轮流量传感器特性的物理机理进行了分析.     

双层连续管固态流化开采水合物的内管分析

为研究双层连续管内管举升水合物的井筒多相流动规律，建立了采用双层连续管固态流化开采天然气水合物的井筒多相流动模型，采用有限差分法对模型进行求解。基于以上模型，对南海某实例井采用双层连续管固态流化开采天然气水合物的井筒多相流动行为进行了模拟。研究结果表明，随着流体上升，双层连续管内管温度和压力逐渐降低；在海底 1 600 米至 700 米时，固相含量以及液相含量相对稳定，含气率为 0；当流体上升至 700 多米的高度时，固相水合物开始逐渐分解。当钻井液密度与排量过高或者过低，都会使得井底压力脱离安全窗口，威胁到井控安全。因此，合理地选用钻井参数，对确保井控安全尤为重要。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。