基于四元数旋转的开关型矢量中值滤波器

矢量中值滤波器是一种经典和高效的矢量滤波器,主要用于消除彩色图像中的冲击噪声。然而VMF没有区分细线条和噪声的能力,它往往把细线条当成噪声而过滤掉。本文利用四元数旋转理论,模仿Laplacian算子,提出一种用于检测彩色图像中的冲击噪声的算法,并结合传统的VMF构造出一个新颖的开关型矢量中值滤波器。实验结果表明,新的滤波器不仅能有效地保护细线条和边界等细节信息,而且其滤波性能也明显胜过传统的VMF和一些经典的及最近开发的矢量滤波器。     

基于CIELAB空间的开关型矢量中值滤波器

矢量中值滤波器VMF（Vector median filter）是一种经典和高效的矢量滤波器,主要用于消除彩色图像中的脉冲噪声.然而VMF没有区分细线条和噪声的能力,往往把细线条当成噪声而过滤掉.本文先将彩色图像从RGB空间变换到均匀颜色空间CIELAB中,然后模仿Laplacian算子,提出一个用于检测彩色图像中的脉冲噪声的算法,并结合传统的VMF构造出一个新颖的开关型矢量中值滤波器.实验表明,新的滤波器不仅能有效地保护细线条和边界等细节信息,而且其滤波性能也明显胜过传统的VMF和一些经典的、及最近开发的矢量滤波器.     

Adaptive two-pass median filter based on support vector machines for image restoration

In this letter, a novel adaptive filter, the adaptive two-pass median (ATM) filter based on support vector machines (SVMs), is proposed to preserve more image details while effectively suppressing impulse noise for image restoration. The proposed filter is composed of a noise decision maker and two-pass median filters. Our new approach basically uses an SVM impulse detector to judge whether the input pixel is noise. If a pixel is detected as a corrupted pixel, the noise-free reduction median filter will be triggered to replace it. Otherwise, it remains unchanged. Then, to improve the quality of the restored image, a decision impulse filter is put to work in the second-pass filtering procedure. As for the noise suppressing both fixed-valued and random-valued impulses without degrading the quality of the fine details, the results of our extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed filter outperforms earlier median-based filters in the literature. Our new filter also provides excellent robustness at various percentages of impulse noise.     

一种改进的脉冲噪声滤波方法

由于数字图像在生成与传输过程中容易受到脉冲噪声的污染,往往造成后续处理难以为继。为了改善图像质量,需要对图像进行去噪处理。针对传统中值滤波及其它非线性滤波方法在去除图像脉冲噪声时存在的不足,本文提出了一种改进的去噪方法:在滤波之前进行一次脉冲噪声检测,确定受到噪声污染的像素点,并进行记录标识;然后根据检测结果进行改进的中值滤波:只对判断为噪声点的像素进行处理,不仅考虑了标准中值,也分情况利用了中值的前一个值和中值的后一个值的信息。实验表明,改进方法不仅在滤除脉冲噪声方面相比其他非线性滤波有很大改进,而且它可以更好地保护图像的细节特性,对图像的后续处理有很好的价值。     

基于局部能量的改进开关中值滤波

针对脉冲噪声感染的图像,借鉴开关滤波的思想,提出了一种新的改进算法。该算法通过分析Max-min噪声检测算子的图像灰度局部极值点的误判缺陷,在极值检测的基础上,增加了由局部能量信息为判别依据的第二级噪声检测过程,实现了对噪声的精确检测。同时,在去除噪声时只利用信号点参与中值滤波,并让噪声点逐步转化为信号点,减少了噪声在邻域的传播。实验表明,该算法对脉冲噪声具有很好的噪声滤除和细节保护能力,与传统中值滤波及其他开关滤波算法相比,该算法具有更优的滤波性能,即使是在噪声密度较高的情况下,也能取得令人满意的效果。     

一种基于排序阈值的开关中值滤波方法

提出了一种基于排序阈值的开关中值滤波方法以克服图像滤波中去噪与细节保护的矛盾。该方法利用滤波窗口内像素点的排序信息，在极值中值滤波方法的基础上，将受脉冲噪声污染图像中的像素点进一步分为噪声点、边缘细节区和平坦区3种类型。通过对多种图像测试的统计结果，获得合适的分类器参数，然后利用类型判决，进行开关中值滤波，即对噪声点和平坦区进行中值滤波以得到良好的噪声滤除效果，而对边缘细节区不做处理以获得良好的细节保护效果。比较了标准中值滤波、极值中值滤波和本方法的结果。实验结果表明，本方法具有更好的效果。     

一种变分自适应中值滤波算法

针对自适应中值和变分滤波方法脉冲噪声去除能力的不足，提出了一种新的变分自适应中值滤波方法。首先采用自适应中值滤波器对脉冲噪点进行标识，然后对标识的噪点构建由逼近条件和边缘保持正则化条件构成的代价函数，通过变分方法对代价函数寻优求解，对噪点进行恢复。最后进行了仿真试验，并与标准中值滤波，开关中值滤波，自适应中值滤波，和变分滤波方法进行了比较。试验结果表明，在信噪比和细节保留方面明显优于上述滤波方法，可以有效去除高达90%的脉冲噪声。     

A new impulse detection and filtering method for removal of wide range impulse noises

A new impulse detection and filtering algorithm is proposed for restoration of images that are highly corrupted by impulse noise. It is based on the minimum absolute value of four convolutions obtained by one-dimensional Laplacian operators. The proposed algorithm can effectively remove the impulse noise with a wide range of noise density and produce better results in terms of the qualitative and quantitative measures of the images even at noise density as high as 90%. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than many of the existing switching median filters in terms of noise suppression and detail preservation.     

中子集型自适应中值滤波器

消除脉冲噪声通常采用中值滤波算法。尽管有许多中值滤波方法做了很大改进,但是,在噪声密度较高的情况下,图像滤波的结果仍然不能令人满意,因此,提出了一种新型中值算法。首先对滤波窗口中的像素进行分类,然后确定其中多元素子集的中子集,并且根据多元素子集的个数来决定是进行滤波还是扩大滤波窗口。最后,在仿真中,将该算法分别和几种中值滤波算法在数值和视觉上进行比较,实验结果显示,该算法能够有效地降低脉冲噪声并且保留了原始图像的更多细节。     

基于上下中值型噪声检测的自适应中值滤波器

基于噪声检测的中值滤器已广泛用于消除图像中的脉冲噪声。然而,在高噪声密度情况下,过多的像素被错误地分类,这个缺陷将会对图像滤波产生负面影响,为了克服这个缺陷,提出了一种上下中值型噪声检测器。基于这种噪声检测方法,又提出了一种自适应中值滤波算法。实验结果显示,该算法能够有效地消除脉冲噪声,并且保留了原始图像的更多细节。     

Image restoration in the presence of impulse noise by adaptive equidistant median filter

After widely studying the methods in literatures for impulse noise removal, aiming at overcoming their deficiencies and further improving the denoising performance, we propose an adaptive equidistant median filter for image restoration in the presence of impulse noise. As an improved and effective alternative to the square neighborhood, the circular neighborhood is proposed for noise detection and removal processing. A noise detector based on adaptive local statistics is proposed, followed by a noise removal technique gaining support from adaptive equidistant median proposed subsequently. Furthermore, the noise removal processing is performed adaptively so as to be robust for various noise densities. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method has substantially improved the performance in noise detection and removal, and is superior than the state-of-the-art filters with excellent capability of noise removal and structural information preservation.

     

一种新的基于噪声点检测的脉冲噪声去噪算法

中值滤波是广泛应用于去除脉冲噪声的一种非线性去噪方法,但是单一地使用中值滤波方法去除脉冲噪声会造成图像细节信息的丢失,从而使图像变得模糊。基于噪声点检测的脉冲噪声滤波方法可以在滤除噪声的同时有效地保持图像的细节信息。该文在此基础上提出了一种新的基于噪声点检测的脉冲噪声滤波算法,该算法在检测噪声点时用被检测点的中值滤波结果作为判定该点是否为噪声点的依据。而在滤除被检测到的噪声点时,采用的是迭代的中值滤波算法。从实验结果中可以看到,与其它中值滤波算法相比,该文的算法在去除脉冲噪声时能取得较好的效果。     

类型2模糊系统模型组合的噪声滤波器

通过对区间类型2模糊系统（interval Type-2 FLS）和高斯类型2模糊系统（Gaussian Type-2 FLS）进行组合,提出了适合图像脉冲噪声滤波的TFLS滤波器。用噪声密度不同的数字图像测试TFLS滤波器的性能,同时与区间类型2模糊系统FLS滤波器等进行对比。实验结果表明：TFLS滤波器在去除图像的脉冲噪声的同时,能较好地保留图像中的边缘细节信息,较显著改善图像视觉质量,客观评价指标PSNR值也有较明显提高。     

A robust neuro-fuzzy network approach to impulse noise filtering for color images

Based on an integration of a simple impulse detector and a robust neuro-fuzzy (RNF) network, an effective impulse noise filter for color images is presented. It consists of two modes of operation, namely, training and testing (filtering). During training, the impulse detector is used to locate the noisy pixels in the color images for optimizing the RNF network. During testing, if a pixel is detected as a corrupted one according to the impulse detector, the trained RNF network will be triggered to output a new pixel to replace it. The proposed impulse noise filter is distinguished by two properties. The first is the use of a simple impulse detector, which is efficient and yet effective in detecting the noisy pixels in color images. The other is the use of a novel membership function in the design of the adaptive RNF network, making the network robust to impulse noise. As demonstrated by the experimental results, the proposed filter not only has the abilities of noise attenuation and details preservation but also possesses desirable robustness and adaptive capabilities. It outperforms other conventional multichannel filters.     

The solutions of equation-based noise detector for an adaptive median filter

Techniques of noise detection have been widely applied in impulse noise reduction. However, the phenomenon of pixel misclassification is very obvious in high noise density. In order to improve pixel identification, in this paper, the new noise detector is proposed. Based on solutions of equations, an estimated block of every 8×8 block of a noise image is generated. Then, according to relationships between these noise blocks and their estimated blocks, corrupted and uncorrupted pixels are identified. During image filtering, a noise-detection-based adaptive median algorithm is presented. Experimental results show that the proposed filter can well reduce the impulse noise and preserve more details of original images.     

Machine learning and directional switching median-based filter for highly corrupted images

In this paper, two-stage machine learning-based noise detection scheme has been proposed for identification of salt-and- pepper impulse noise which gives excellent detection results for highly corrupted images. In the first stage, a window of size $3\times 3$ is taken from image and some other features of this window are used as input to neural network. This scheme has distinction of having very low missed detection (MD) and false positives rates. In the second stage, decision tree-based algorithm (J48) is applied on some well-known statistical parameters to generate rules for noise detection. These noise detection methods give promising results for identification of noise from highly corrupted images. A modified version of switching median filter (directional weighted switching median filter) is proposed for noise removal. Performance of noise detector is measured using MD and false alarm FA. Filtering results are compared with state-of-the-art noise removal techniques in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measure. Extensive experiments are performed to show that the proposed technique gives better results than state-of-the-art noise detection and filtering methods.     

等级阈值的彩色图像矢量中值滤波

为消除彩色图像中的脉冲噪声,提出一种新的基于等级阈值的矢量中值滤波器。该滤波器设计了一组随滤波窗口内当前像素排序位置而等级变化的阈值,并根据当前像素与经典矢量滤波器输出的距离差值来判断噪声像素的存在。仿真实验证明,该方法较其他非开关型和开关型矢量中值滤波器能更好保存原图像细节和消除脉冲噪声。     

彩色图像迭代滤波算法

对于被脉冲噪声污染的彩色图像,基于噪声检测,提出了一系列迭代滤波算法。运用脉冲噪声检测器,估计出图像中的噪声像素,应用一系列后续滤波算法,只对检测出来的噪声像素进行滤波,而对非噪声像素（即信号像素）保持其值不变。传统的矢量滤波算法（矢量中值滤波、基本矢量方向滤波和方向距离滤波）加以改进后可作为后续的滤波算法。实验结果表明,这些新的滤波算法与传统滤波算法相比,在有效消除噪声的同时,更能够保留图像中的边缘和细节特征。     

基于粒子群算法的图像椒盐噪声去除算法

针对图像中的椒盐噪声消除问题,提出了一种基于粒子群算法的自适应开关中值滤波算法。提出的滤波器算法主要由两大阶段组成:噪声检测阶段和噪声滤除阶段。与标准中值滤波相比,提出的自适应开关中值滤波算法能够生成污染图像的噪波图。通过噪波图可以得到图像的污染和未污染像素信息。在滤除过程中,滤波器计算出未污染相邻像素的中值并且替换污染像素。仿真实验结果证实了所提算法的有效性,其能够有效地提高图像的峰值信噪比和图像质量;相比现有其他方法,所提算法的去噪效果更好。     

Aggressive region growing for speckle reduction in ultrasound images

Speckle appears in all conventional medical B-mode ultrasonic images and can be an undesirable property since it may mask small but diagnostically significant features. In this paper, an adaptive filtering algorithm is proposed for speckle reduction. It selects a filtering region size using an appropriately estimated homogeneity value for region growth. Homogeneous regions are processed with an arithmetic mean filter. Edge pixels are filtered using a nonlinear median filter. The performance of the proposed technique is compared to two other methods––the adaptive weighted median filter and the homogeneous region growing mean filter. Results of processed images show that the method proposed reduces speckle noise and preserves edge details effectively.