Effect of Cd and Sn Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloy

The present work has investigated the effect of trace elements Cd and Sn on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy. With the increase of Cd addition the strength of alloy rises at first and then drops. The optimal amount of Cd and Sn addition for AI-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is about 0.27% and 0.1% respectively. Due to the formation of some coarse Cd-rich phases and pure Cd particles the mechanical properties of alloy decrease when Cd amount exceeds 0.27%. When more than 0.1% Sn added, some Sn atoms form low-melting eutectic compound at grain boundary, and then cause over-burning in alloy when solution treated, which may deteriorate properties of alloy, especially ductility of alloy.On the other hand, the addition of Cd and Sn remarkably increases the peak hardness and reduces the time to reach aging peak in Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy. The action of Cd/Sn in quaternary Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is effectively the same as that occur in binary Al-Cu alloy that the enhanced hardening associated with Cd/Sn addition is due to the promotion of the θ‘phase.     

Effect of Cd and Sn Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AI-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloy

AMONG the commercial aluminum cast alloys,Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is extensively used mainly becauseof its good castability and excellent mechanicalproperties in the heat treated condition[1,2].It isaccepted that two precipitation sequences are mainlyresponsible for the precipitation hardening ofAl-Si-Cu-Mg alloy[2-4],namely:—GP zonesphase and-*GP zonesphase.Where GPs are the Cu/MgGuinier-Preston zones,P"/9"and/9'are themetastable p h a s e s,a r e equilibrium phaserespectively.It is well …     

Cd对铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金时效过程的影响

合金元素Cd的添加促进了铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金的时效过程，提高了合金的峰时效硬度，加快了合金的硬化速度．当加入0．27％Cd时，合金的强度提高了20％；但加入量继续增大，强度反而降低．SEM，DSC和TEM分析显示，Cd加快了亚稳相的析出，较早地形成了细小而密集的亚稳相；同时，较大的富Cd相、少量稳定相和过剩硅相质点的均匀析出，对合金起到了第二相强化的作用．在这两类析出相的共同作用下，合金获得了高的峰时效强度．但当合金中Cd的含量超过0．27％时，会形成一些富Cd的多元相和纯Cd质点，这些相的出现导致了合金机械性能的下降．     

钕对铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金力学性能的影响

微量合金元素Nd的添加延缓了Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金的时效过程,细化了强化相,提高了合金时效硬度。当加入0.30%Nd,合金的强度提高了18%,但加入量继续增加,强度下降。分析显示,Nd的加入延缓了亚稳相的析出。富Nd相化合物,少量稳定相和过剩硅相质点的均匀析出,对合金起到了第二相强化的作用。在这两类析出相的共同作用下,合金获得了高的峰时效强度,但当合金中的Nd的含量超过一定量时,会形成一些富Nd的多元相和纯Nd质点相,这些相的出现导致了合金力学性能的下降。     

Mechanism of stress aging in Al-Cu（-Mg-Ag） alloys

The effect of stress aging on the nucleation and growth of precipitates in AI-3.88 % Cu and Al-3.87 % Cu-0.56 % Mg-0.56 % Ag alloys was investigated by electric resistivity measurement and transmission electron microscopy observation. The results indicate that external stress promotes the formation of clusters of solute atoms or GP zones, but retards the growth of θ‘ and Ω phases. A critical phenomenon that the microstructural evolution will be modified at a certain external extress value is found in Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy. The applied external stress during aging induces preferentially oriented precipitations of θ‘ and Ω in Al-Cu and Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys, respectively. The origin of stress-induced orientation effect is understood by analyzing interaction between external stress and misfit strain by Eshelby elastic inclusion theory.     

热处理对Al-Si-Cu-Mg铸造铝合金低周疲劳行为的影响

为了确定固溶处理及固溶+时效处理对金属型铸造A1-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金低周疲劳行为的影响,在不同外加总应变幅下进行应变控制的室温低周疲劳试验.结果表明:金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金可表现为循环应变硬化、循环应变软化和循环稳定;固溶处理及固溶+时效处理可以有效地提高金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金的疲劳寿命,且固溶处理对疲劳寿命提高的幅度更大;铸态及固溶态Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金的弹性应变幅、塑性应变幅与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向周次之间分别呈直线关系,固溶+时效态Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金的弹性应变幅与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向周次之间呈直线关系,但其塑性应变幅与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向周次之间呈双线性关系;不同处理状态的铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金的循环应力幅与塑性应变幅之间呈线性关系.     

Low-cycle fatigue behavior of permanent mold cast and die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys

Fatigue failure is one of the main failure forms of Al-Si-Cu-Mg aluminum alloys.To feature their mechanical aspect of fatigue behavior,the low-cycle fatigue behavior of permanent mold cast and die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys at room temperature was investigated.The experimental results show that both permanent mold cast and die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys mainly exhibit cyclic strain hardening.At the same total strain amplitude,the die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy shows higher cyclic deformation resistance and longer fatigue life than does the permanent mold cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy.The relationship between both elastic and plastic strain amplitudes with reversals to failure shows a monotonic linear behavior,and can be described by the Basquin and Coffin-Manson equations,respectively.     

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of 2219 Al Alloy During Aging Treatment

Hardness and tensile properties of 2219 Al alloys were tested at various temperature (150, 165, 175 °C) and subjected to T6 temper heat treatment to identify the peak aging time at various temperature. Microstructure evolution and precipitate behavior were analyzed with transmission electron microscope (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). It is found that the peak aging time is 24 h at 150 °C and does not vary down to 165 °C. When the aging temperature rise to 175 °C, the peak aging time down to 12 h. Considering the strength and elongation, the optimum aging treatment is at 165 °C for 24 h after the solution treatment at 535 °C for 1.5 h. Compared with that of only water-quenched sample, after aged at 165 °C for 24 h, the tensile strength of the 2219 Al alloy increases from 324.5 to 411.8 MPa, yield strength from 168 to 310.8 MPa, respectively. The improvement in the mechanical performance is mainly attributed to the precipitation strengthening of the GP zones, θ″ and θ’ phases.     

Effects of Solution Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-16.9Si-4.5Cu-0.15Mg Alloy

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy under different solution conditions were investigated by optical metallographic and mechanical property test. The results show that the cast alloys were composed of α-Al, primary Si, eutectic Si, Al2Cu and Al7Cu2Fe phases. Three changes took place during solution treatment: Firstly, with the increase of solution temperature and the solution holding time extension, more and more Al2Cu phase was dissolved into the matrix; Secondly, with the increase of solution temperature and the solution holding time extension, morphology of eutectic Si, Al7Cu2Fe and other insoluble phases changed into more round; Thirdly, at the fixed solution temperature, if the solution time extended too long, it would cause grains, eutectic Si and other insoluble phases aggregated and coarsened. About mechanical properties, when the solution time was fixed, the hardness, tensile strength and the yield strength of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy treated by T6 enhanced while the solution temperature increasing, and when the solution temperature was fixed, the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy treated by T6 increased at first and then decreased while the solution time increasing, but the hardness of the alloys affected less by the solution time.     

AI-Si-Cu-Mg(-Er)铸造铝合金的低周疲劳行为

对金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg和Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Er铝合金进行了疲劳试验,并研究了其室温下的低周疲劳行为。试验结果表明:金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg和Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Er铝合金表现为循环应变硬化和循环稳定,主要取决于外加总应变的高低;稀土元素Er的加入可提高金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金的循环变形抗力和疲劳寿命;金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金的塑性应变、弹性应变与断裂时的载荷反向次数之间呈直线关系,Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Er合金的弹性应变与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向次数之间也呈直线关系,但其塑性应变与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向次数之间则呈双线性关系。     

Effect of heat treatment on eutectic silicon morphology and mechanical property of Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONCastAl Sibasealloysareoneofthemostimpor tantaluminumalloysattributedtotheirlowdensity ,highspecificstrength ,excellentcasting properties ,mechanicalpropertiesanderosionresistance .TheseAl Sialloysaremainlyappliedinautomotive ,aerospace ,transportationandmechanicalindustry ,etc[1,2 ] .The propertiesofalloyscanbeimprovedthroughaddingCuandMgelementsintothealloys .Inthe processofsolutiontreatment ,alloyingele mentscompletelydissolveandformsupersaturatedsolidsolution .However…     

大体积深过冷Co-Sn合金的凝固过程与组织演化

将含12％-32％Sn(摩尔分数)的系列Co-Sn合金熔体过冷至平衡液相线以下不同温度进行凝固实验,通过监测快速凝固过程中的温度再辉与凝固组织分析不同过冷度下各合金的凝固行为进行研究.确定了Sn含量从14％到31％范围内Co-Sn合金凝固时共晶两相进行耦合生长和非耦合生长的分界线,在此成分范围之外的Co-Sn合金则很难被过冷至共晶共生区.在非共晶成分Co-Sn合金的深过冷凝固过程中不存在非互惠形核现象.     

高强度Al-Cu-Mg-Si合金的双级时效与应力腐蚀行为

<正> 目前关于铝合金的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)的研究较多地集中在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系超硬铝的热处理工艺和电化学腐蚀机理等方面,对于锻铝合金的应力腐蚀研究得较少。Al-Mg-Si系低强度锻铝合金(如LD2)产生晶间腐蚀,不产生应力腐蚀。Al-Cu-Mg-Si系高强度锻铝合金有较强的应力腐蚀倾向,国外有少量报导,国内曾出现这类合金的应力腐蚀破坏。研究这类锻铝合金显微组织特征与应力腐蚀开裂机制间关系,有利于全面阐明铝合金应力腐蚀的理论。     

PRECIPITATION IN BINARY Al-Li ALLOYS

Studies were carried out on the precipitation in two sets of binary Al-Li alloys by means ofhardness tests,DSC analyses and TEM observations.When the alloys were aged for constanttime,a peak appeared on the plot of temperature dependence upon their hardness in the rangeof low temperatures,and the endothermic dissolution peak was quite distinct on the DSCcurve also at low temperatures.These are believed that an Li-rich GP zone formed in the al-loys aged at low temperatures,but no more GP zone if aging at elevated temperatures.Thehardness of the alloys raises rapidly with coarsening of δ′-phase grains.The two endothermicpeaks of δ′ dissolution on the DSC curve relate to the structural adjustment at twice of the δ′precipitation.The equilibrium δ-phase,being of higher thermal stability,nucleates and growsdirectly from the supersaturated solid solution with the aid of the gram boundary.     

铝合金中Mg_2Si相的时效析出过程

描述了Al-Mg-Si/Al-Si-Mg系合金时效析出的一般序列为α-sss→GP 区→β"→β'→β(Mg_2Si),总结了在析出序列中可能出现的各亚稳相的晶体结构模型,讨论了各阶段析出相的形成或转变过程及其强化作用;并就过量的Si、Cu、大塑性变形等对析出相的影响作了探讨.     

室温强塑性变形中铝合金时效析出相的演变

采用硬度测量、透射电镜和X射线衍射等试验方法,探讨了在室温不同强塑性变形下Al-Zn-Mg-Cu、Al-Cu、Al-Mg-Si三种铝合金时效析出相的演变.结果表明,强烈塑性变形能引起绝大部分析出相产生室温回溶,形成过饱和固溶体;每种析出相再溶解的次序不同,先驱相（如GP区、亚稳相）回溶所属的变形程度小于稳定相.     

Influence of Indium Trace Addition on the Precipitation Behavior in a 357 Cast Aluminum Alloy

Effect of indium addition on aging precipitation behavior of 357 cast alloy has been investigated by hardness measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TEM analysis. Age hardening results show that 0.1 wt.% indium addition to 357 cast alloy increases the peak hardness by 20 HV during aging at 160 °C. DSC and TEM analysis results show that indium addition constrains precipitation of GP zones, and enhances precipitation of phases. The possible indium atoms participating in the precipitation during aging and the large indium-vacancy binding energy can explain the effect of indium on aging behavior of 357 cast alloy.     

Effects of fluidised bed quenching on heat treating characteristics of cast Al–Si–Mg and Al–Si–Mg–Cu alloys

Abstract

The quench sensitivity of Al–Si–Mg (D357 unmodified and Sr modified), and Al–Si–Mg–-Cu (354 and 319 Sr modified) cast alloys was investigated using a fluidised bed (FB). The average cooling rate of castings in the fluidised bed is lower than those quenched in water; the cooling rate first increases to a certain maximum and then decreases during quenching. The change in the cooling rate during quenching in water was more drastic, where the cooling rate varied from 0 to ?80 K s^?1 in less than 8 s, as compared with those quenched in FB, where the cooling rate varied from 0 to ?14 K s^?1 in 18 s. The FB quenching resulted in the formation of several metastable phases in Al–Si–Mg–Cu alloys; in contrast, no such transformation was observed during water quenching. The T4 yield strength of the FB quenched alloys was greater than water quenched alloys owing to the formation of a greater volume fraction of metastable phases in the FB quenched alloys. The tensile properties of T6 treated alloys show that Al–Si–Mg alloys (both unmodified and Sr modified) are more quench sensitive than Al–Si–Mg–Cu alloys. The high quench sensitivity of the Al–Si–Mg alloys is because GP zones are not formed, whereas GP zones are formed during quenching of the Al–Si–Mg–Cu alloys as predicted by time temperature transformation and continuous cooling transformation) diagrams.     

Effect of large cold deformation on characteristics of age-strengthening of 2024 aluminum alloys

1 Introduction Studies on thermomechanical treatment of aluminum alloy start from 1960s[1,2]. The thermo- mechanical treatment is divided into intermediate thermomechanical treatment(ITMT) and final thermo- mechanical treatment(FTMT) by Russo and his co- …     

ZM81-xSn (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10)变形镁合金的组织演变和力学性能

通过对不同Sn含量的ZM81合金的微观组织和力学性能的测得,研究了Sn在ZM81合金中的存在形式和作用机制及不同添加量对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：Sn元素主要以Mg2Sn共晶相形式存在,能够细化铸态组织;热挤压过程中,Sn添加能够起到抑制动态再结晶和晶粒细化的作用;T6处理,尤其是双级时效,能显著提升挤压态合金的力学性能,其中ZM81-4Sn合金具有最佳的综合力学性能,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为416MPa、393MPa和4.1%。实验合金高强度主要源于MgZn2和Mg2Sn析出相的双重时效强化效果;相比单级时效,双级时效态合金的析出相细小弥散,因此其力学性能更优。