镨改性铈锆氧化物固溶体的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同比例的Pr掺杂铈锆氧化物固溶体Ce0.6Zr0.4-xPrxO2-y(x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15).X射线衍射证实形成的固溶体为萤石型立方相结构;BET比表面积分析表明,随着Pr的掺杂量由x=0.05递增到x=0.15,在650℃焙烧的样品其比表面积由66.5m2·g-1增加到79.9m2·g-1,而未掺杂样品Ce0.6Zr0.4O2的比表面积为65.1 m2·g-1;粒度分布及透射电镜分析发现,制备的固溶体在水相中存在着团聚现象.应用在含有Pt, Rh和Pd的三效催化剂的制备.催化活性测试表明,在铈锆氧化物储氧材料中掺杂少量Pr,可降低三效催化剂对CO、C3H6和NO的起燃温度.不论是在富燃区还是在贫燃区,所有掺杂Pr的三效催化剂对各气体的催化转化率均高于未掺杂Pr的三效催化剂.     

钇掺杂对Ce0.33Zr0.67O2储氧性能的影响

采用柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列钇掺杂的富锆铈锆复合氧化物Ce0.33YxZr0.67-xO2,并通过XRD,BET,OSC,XPS,in-situ CO-FTIR等测试,系统研究了钇掺杂后铈锆复合氧化物储放氧性能的变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明,钇离子能够进入铈锆晶格形成固溶体,并提高铈锆体系的结构热稳定性。对于新鲜样,钇掺杂可大幅提升Ce0.33Zr0.67O2材料的比表面积,提高单位质量铈锆材料的储氧能力;但老化后,钇掺杂样品的储氧性能随着掺杂量的增加而减小。通过XPS及原位红外吸附性能测试证实,钇在Ce0.33Zr0.67O2材料表面主要取代锆离子,其掺杂会降低样品的表面吸附能力,抑制铈的氧化还原反应,从而导致该体系储氧性能的下降。     

(Ce-Zr)mA1-mO2复合氧化物的制备及其表征

以碳酸铵为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备铈锆、铈锆镧、铈锆镨复合氧化物,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、BET法和程序升温还原(TPR)等手段对复合氧化物进行了表征,研究了高温焙烧条件下不同铈锆摩尔比和掺杂镧镨对复合氧化物的结构和性能的影响,并初步分析了掺杂La和Pr的作用机理.结果表明, Ce0.76Zr0.24O2在高温焙烧后仍然保持着立方相的固溶体结构,衍射峰没有发生分裂,有着比较好的高温热稳定性;掺杂La和Pr以后均能在一定程度上提高氧化物的热稳定性.     

贵金属/铈锆铽固溶体催化剂的制备与台架性能评价

用Ce0.6Zr0.3Tb0.1O2作为储氧材料,分别制备了实尺寸的全钯三效催化剂和双层钯、铂、铑三效催化剂。为作对比,同时制备了含商用铈锆固溶体的双层钯、铂、铑三效催化剂。在发动机台架上对所制备的催化剂进行了活性评价。3种催化剂具有较高的三效催化活性,在交叉点附近对CO和NOx的转化率接近100%,对THC的转化率接近90%。双层催化剂和单层全钯催化剂相比,不仅在富燃区具有较高的NOx转化率,而且具有较低的起燃温度。含Ce0.6Zr0.3Tb0.1O2固溶体的双层催化剂的性能优于含商用铈锆固溶体的催化剂。     

自模板法制备高热稳定铈锆固溶体

为解决纳米铈锆固溶体高温易烧结、合成过程添加大量表面活性剂、制备步骤繁琐等问题，开发了一种自模板法、不需添加表面活性剂，且操作简单易行的制备高热稳定铈锆固溶体的方法。通过该方法，制备了不同碳酸铵浓度刻蚀得到的铈锆固溶体，并通过XRD、HRTEM、ICP-OES、XPS、N₂吸附脱附测试等表征手段来确认刻蚀步骤对所得铈锆固溶体的影响。结果表明，碳酸铵能选择性地将Ce和Zr的氢氧化物沉淀混合物中的部分Zr刻蚀进溶液中，以此达到在固溶体原位造孔的目的。所得的刻蚀铈锆固溶体在1000℃老化5 h后的比表面积高达30 m²/g,远高于普通共沉淀法制备的具有相同铈锆比的样品，表明碳酸铵刻蚀处理能够提高铈锆固溶体的热稳定性，对高性能铈锆固溶体的可控合成具有较好的指导意义。     

铈锆比对储氧材料铈锆固溶体性能的影响

铈锆固溶体作为储氧材料在三效催化剂中起着不可替代的作用。从外围电子排布角度,分析稀土元素铈所具有的独特4f电子层,从结构上探讨铈离子在萤石结构中所起的作用,从而解释了铈作为储氧材料时所发挥的功效,即可在不同的氧气氛下缓冲氧。采用共沉淀法制备了一系列铈锆比不同(Ce/Zr值分别为2/3,1/1,3/2,3/1)的铈锆固溶体,样品经650℃焙烧6 h后,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)、程序升温还原(TPR)法、扫描电镜(SEM)分析测定了样品的晶粒度、比表面积、储氧量(OSC),并研究了Zr4+在CeO2晶格的固溶情况。研究发现采用共沉淀法可以成功制备出铈锆比不同的铈锆固溶体,样品具有纳米晶的特征,且XRD谱图显示衍射角随固溶体中Zr4+的增多而增大,由于Zr4+的离子半径小于Ce4+的离子半径,因此随Zr4+的加入产生晶格收缩,晶格常数变小;比表面积数值和储氧能力良好,铈锆比对比表面积和还原性没有显著影响,但储氧量数据却随Zr4+的加入明显增加;Zr4+的加入量对储氧材料固溶度也有影响,当掺杂Zr4+的量较多时,Zr4+会比较容易进入CeO2晶格。     

铈锆复合氧化物催化剂的储放氧能力和高温稳定性

介绍了用独特工艺制备的单一立方相铈锆复合氧化物的储放氧能力、高温稳定性、X射线衍射图谱和晶格常数以及净化 CO、C3H6 和 NO的起燃温度 ,并与 Ce O2 催化剂进行了比较。前者的催化性能比后者优越得多     

铈锆复合氧化物的制备及表征

分别采用水热法和共沉淀法制备了铈锆复合氧化物,并对所得的样品进行了XRD,SEM,BET等检测。结果表明,两种方法得到的均是由立方相的Ce0.75Zr0.25O2和四方相的Ce0.5Zr0.5O2组成的复合氧化物。所制备的铈锆复合氧化物均存在中孔结构,水热法制备的样品的比表面积和平均孔径分别为126 m2.g-1和7.3 nm,共沉淀法所得样品的比表面积和平均孔径分别为95 m2.g-1和4.0 nm。     

铈锆氧化物固溶体前驱物热分解动力学的研究

采用固相法制备了纳米级铈锆氧化物固溶体,对铈锆氧化物固溶体前驱物热分解动力学进行了研究。利用热重、差热分析等方法推测了前驱物的热分解机制。用Kissinger法计算前驱体的热分解活化能,Ea=137.80 kJ.mol^-1。通过Coats-Redfern法,采用不同的固相动力学反应机制研究前驱体的热分解动力学,确定其机制函数为：G（a）=[-ln（1-a）]1/2,判断前驱体热分解反应为随机成核-随后生长机制。     

铈锆固溶体掺杂改性的研究进展

介绍了国内外铈锆固溶体在机动车尾气催化净化中的研究进展和催化机理.主要针对其在汽车尾气催化净化领域的应用,从稀土元素的原子结构和化学特性出发,较详细地总结和阐述了近期研究中掺杂第三种元素形成三元固溶体的研究现状和研究进展,分析了加入其他掺杂元素后对其改性作用以及作用机理.由此得出汽车尾气净化中铈锆固溶体的应用展望及发展措施.     

Catalytic combustion study of soot on Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution

The Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution and CeO2 were prepared using the sol-gel method. The phase structure, crystallite sizes and the reducibility of the catalysts were characterized by XRD and H2-TPR techniques. XRD results indicated that Zr^4＋ had replaced part of Ce^4＋ to form a fluorite-like solid solution, which was favorable to obtain ultrafine nanoparticles. The ratio of main HE consumption for Ce0.7Zr0.3O2：CeO2 was 4.4：1.0, implying that the solid solution could improve the reducibility compared to the single CeO2. The Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 solid solution catalyst showed a sharp combustion peak at 397 ℃, which was 200 ℃ lower than that of the single soot. The good catalytic activity of the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 was attributed to the formation of nano-CeO2-based solid solution, which enhanced the reducibility and then improved the combustion activity. As Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 could be easily reduced to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x meanwhile, after oxygenation, the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2.x was recovered to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 completely. A catalytic combustion reaction mechanism was proposed： the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 was reduced to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x by the reaction with carbon and then it was recovered to Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-x by the interaction with O2.     

Dynamic Oxygen Storage Capacity Measurements on Ceria-Based Material

The constant increase in the number of environ-mental protection regulations worldwide has broughtabout significant restrictions onthe nature and quantityof exhaust gases originating from mobile sources suchas automobile emissions .These increasingly dema…     

Study on Catalysts with Rhodium Loading on Different Cerium-Zirconium Mixed Oxides

The catalysts with Rh loading on different cerium-zirconium mixed oxides were characterized by BET, H2-TPR and OSC. The effects of different cerium-zirconium mixed oxides on catalytic performance and thermal stability of Rh loaded catalyst were studied. The results show that: (1) Rh can enhance cerium-zirconium mixed oxides OSC and catalytic reaction rates; (2) cerium-zirconium mixed oxides with high Ce contents and low Zr contents are more favorable to the stability of catalysts. Moreover, the contents of CeO2 have important effect on catalysts characteristics, and the addition of some rare earth components, such as La, Pr and Nd also have some influences.     

Structure and oxygen storage capacity of Pd/Pr/CeO_2-ZrO_2 catalyst:effects of impregnated praseodymia

Praseodymium(Pr) was impregnated to CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution by an impregnation method.The as-obtained Pr modified CeO2-ZrO2 was impregnated with 1 wt.% Pd to prepare the catalysts.The structure and reducibility of the fresh and hydrothermally aged catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),CO chemisorption and H2 temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR).The oxygen storage capacity(OSC) was evaluated with CO serving as probe gas.Effects of impregnated Pr on the structure and oxygen storage capacity of catalysts were investigated.The results showed that the aged Pr-impregnated samples had much higher OSC and better reducibility than the unmodified ones.The scheme of structural evolutions of the catalysts with and without Pr was also established.Partial of the impregnated Pr diffused into the bulk of CeO2-ZrO2 during ageing,which inhibited the sintering,and increased the amount of oxygen vacancies in CeO2-ZrO2 support.Furthermore,those impregnated Pr species which covered on the surface of the support obstructed the strong metal-support interaction between Pd and Ce so as to reduce the encapsulation of Pd as well as the back spill-over of the oxygen during the catalytic process.     

CeO2-Co3O4 Catalysts for CO Oxidation

CeO2-Co3O4 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation were prepared by a co-precipitation method. In combination with the characterization methods of N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, and FT-IR, the influence of the cerium content on the catalytic performance of CeO2-Co3O4 was investigated. The results indicate that the prepared CeO2-Co3O4 catalysts exhibit a better activity than that of pure CeO2 or pure Co3O4. The catalyst with the Ce/Co atomic ratio 1 ： 16 exhibits the best activity, which converts 77% of CO at room temperature and completely oxidizes CO at 45 ℃.     

Effect of metal doping into Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 on catalytic activity of MnOx/Ce0.5-xZr0.5-xM0.2xOy/Al2O3 for benzene combustion

The research investigated the effect of doping two metals separately or together into Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 on the catalytic activity of MnOx/Ce0.5–xZr0.5–xM0.2xOy/Al2O3 (M=Y, Mn, Y and Mn) for catalytic combustion of benzene. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis, oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR). Cata-lytic test was performed on a conventional fixed bed flow reactor. The characterization results revealed that Y and Mn ions entered into the ceria-zirconia mixed oxides framework, which improved the textural properties and greatly promoted the MnOx dispersion on the support surface. The complete conversion temperature of benzene on MnOx/Ce0.4Zr0.4Y0.1Mn0.1Oy /Al2O3 was 563 K, and the selectivity of carbon dioxides was 99%. This catalyst could be applied in a wide range of GHSV and wide concentration condition, showing great potential for application.     

Partial oxidation of methane on Ni/CeO2-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3 prepared using different processes

The influences of CeO2-ZrO2 and γ-Al2O3 mixing methods on the catalytic activity and stability of partial oxidation of methane (POM) were investigated over Ni/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-Al2O3 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, H2-chemsorption, and TG-DTA. For fresh catalysts, the results showed that the salt precursor mixing catalyst (ATOM) presented better performance than the catalysts prepared by the precipitator mixing method (MOL) and the powder mechanically mixing method (MECH). The result of XRD suggested that the interaction between CeO2-ZrO2 and Al2O3 in ATOM sample was stronger than the others, which led to more lattice defects and thereby better initial activity. Moreover, the MECH sample had the best stability and the least coke deposition in 24 h stability tests. The results of TPR and H2-chemsorption indicated that the intimate contact of Ni-Al in MECH sample enhanced the ability of resisting coke deposition and metal sintering.     

Synergetic catalysis of ceria and titania for selective reduction of NO

The promotional effect of the interaction between titania and ceria on the catalytic performance for selective reduction of NO was studied.The catalysts,CeO 2,TiO 2,CeO 2 /TiO 2 and Ti x Ce 1-x O 2,were synthesized and tested in NH 3-Selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO,and the samples were characterized by the Brunaller,Emmett and Teller(BET absorbed gas N 2),X-ray diffraction(XRD),high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM),and temperature programmed desorption(TPD NH 3) techniques.The improvement mechanism of the interaction between the titania and ceria had been explored and discussed from two aspects of micro-structure and surface acidity.The interaction between the titania and ceria greatly improved the catalytic activity but had little effect on the active temperature.It was first reported that the acid amount determined the catalytic activity and the acid strength determined the active temperature for NH 3-SCR of NO.     

Effective removal of automobile exhausts over flower-like Ce1−xCuxO2 nanocatalysts exposed active {100} plane

This work elucidates the synthesis and characterization of copper ions incorporated ceria(Ce_(1-x)Cu_xO_2)nanocatalysts with 3 D flower-like and nanocrystalline morphology for the purification of automobile exhausts. XRD and Raman results confirm the presence of copper ions in ceria. The 3 D flower-like and nanocrystalline morphology exhibited by these catalysts were seen by FESEM images. HRTEM and SAED results confirm that(100) plane is dominantly presented in 3 D flower-like Ce_(1-x)Cu_xO_2 catalysts when compared to nanocrystalline morphology. The textural properties of synthesized catalysts was done with the help of N2 sorption study, which confirms that flower-like Ce_(1-x)Cu_xO_2 catalysts show high surface area and pore volume. The existence of Ce~(3+), Ce~(4+), Cu~+ and Cu~(2+) ions in the catalyst were examined by XPS and DR UV-Vis techniques. Oxygen storage capacity(OSC) of the catalysts was studied by H_2-TPR analysis. These characterization results elucidate the presence of dominant active sites(Ce~(3+), Ce~(4+), Cu~+and Cu~(2+)) and {100} plane in the flower-like morphology compared to nanocrystalline. The catalytic activity of synthesized Ce_(1-x)Cu_xO_2 catalysts was tested for removal of CO, HC_x and NO gases from automobile emission with respect to the copper content and morphology. The obtained results indicate that the presence of optimum amount of copper in ceria with flower-like morphology is essential for the removal of CO, HC_x and NO at low temperature via redox process, which is due to the presence of active sites on the dominant {100} plane.     

Effects of La_2O_3 contents on the Pd/Ce_（0.8）Zr_（0.2）O_2-La_2O_3 catalysts for methanol decomposition

The catalytic behaviors of Pd (1.4 wt.%) catalysts supported on CeO2-ZrO2 promoted with La2O3 were investigated for methanol decomposition. The measurements of inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) were used to characterize the properties of catalysts. The catalysts' activities were tested in a fixed bed continuous ...