混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能

研究了化学改性聚丙烯（PP）纤维以及掺加聚丙烯纤维和芳纶纤维混杂比例和混杂效应对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响,并构建了纤维增强水泥砂浆界面层的物理模型,描述了纤维对水泥砂浆的增强机制。实验表明,聚丙烯纤维经改性后使水泥砂浆前期抗折强度明显提高,聚丙烯纤维和芳纶纤维的混杂使水泥砂浆的后期抗折强度显著提高。改性聚丙烯纤维掺加体积分数为0.56%,芳纶纤维的体积分数为0.24%时,混杂纤维增强水泥砂浆试样较空白试样,3天、28天抗折强度分别提高了18.48%、31.17%,3天、28天抗压强度分别提高了7.16%、5.19%。     

纳米SiO_2对硫铝酸盐水泥水化硬化的影响

研究了不同掺量纳米SiO_2对硫铝酸盐水泥抗压/抗折强度的影响,即掺入纳米SiO_2使水泥砂浆早期抗压/抗折强度显著提高,后期抗折强度未出现倒缩现象且具有较大的上升空间,掺3%纳米SiO_2水泥砂浆2,8h,1,3,28和56d抗折强度相比空白样分别提高了44.84%,41.80%,37.85%,37.78%,42.32%和65.03%。并通过XRD、SEM-EDS及水化热揭示了强度发展的影响机理。即水化早期的微集料填充作用、结晶成核作用使硬化浆体微观结构均匀密实,并促进了硫铝酸盐水泥8h前的水化;水化后期纳米SiO_2的火山灰效应进一步提高了水泥的水化程度。     

新型聚合物水泥胶浆界面剂粘结性能及作用机理研究

采用新型聚合物水泥胶浆作为界面剂以提高新旧混凝土之间的粘结性能,通过拉拔粘结强度与劈裂抗拉粘结强度实验对5种不同类型的聚合物水泥胶浆界面剂的粘结性能进行了测试,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)分析研究了丁苯聚合物水泥胶浆的界面增强机理。实验结果表明,5种聚合物乳液中,丁苯聚合物水泥胶浆具有较好的拉拔粘结性能,当优选m(水泥)∶m(DB-1乳液)=3∶2时,其7d、28d拉拔粘结强度分别达到1.83MPa、2.41MPa,相比水泥净浆空白样分别提高了144%、96%;在劈裂抗拉粘结强度方面,水平方向浇筑时劈裂抗拉粘结强度相对较高,当聚合物水泥胶浆的优选m(水泥)∶m(DB-1乳液)=3∶2,水平浇筑时其28d劈拉粘结强度达到2.96MPa,明显高于不掺界面剂的试样以及掺加其它配比界面剂的混凝土试样;经过微观测试分析,丁苯DB-1聚合物水泥砂浆内部界面过渡区(ITZ)相比空白样明显致密,表明丁苯聚合物的加入有效填充了水泥基材料内部的宏观与微观缺陷,提高了界面过渡区的密实程度。     

改性小麦秸秆/水泥复合材料的强度

为了加强小麦秸秆/水泥复合材料的性能,采用NaOH溶液对小麦秸秆进行改性,研究NaOH溶液浓度、改性时间对水泥砂浆强度的影响。结果表明,质量分数为4%的NaOH溶液改性处理24h时,秸秆质量损失率较大,可以减缓其对水泥的缓凝作用。此改性处理秸秆与水泥拌合的胶砂试样3d、28d抗折强度和抗压强度都大幅提高,与未改性秸秆胶砂强度相比,3d的抗压、抗折强度分别提高了3.12倍和4.16倍,28d的抗压、抗折强度分别提高2.21倍和3.58倍。电镜分析表明改性后的小麦秸秆与水泥胶体结合情况较好。     

苎麻纤维水泥基材料的力学性能与自收缩试验研究

通过在水泥基材料中掺入苎麻纤维,并对比掺入钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维,研究苎麻纤维对水泥基材料抗压强度、抗折强度、自收缩及电阻率的影响。结果表明,当苎麻纤维掺量分别为0.4%,0.9%时,水泥基材料7 d自收缩降低13.4%,30.8%,28 d抗压强度分别提高2.2%和8.2%,抗折强度则提高9.6%,13.4%;钢纤维与聚丙烯纤维显著提高了水泥基材料7与28 d的抗压和抗折强度,而苎麻纤维更有利于水泥基材料早期自收缩的降低;随着苎麻纤维掺量的增加,水泥基材料的7 d自收缩与3 d电阻率显著减小,二者呈线性相关。     

化学改性芳纶纤维增强水泥基复合材料的性能

采用化学改性法对芳纶纤维进行表面处理, 研究了改性前后芳纶纤维对水泥基复合材料强度及抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明: 芳纶纤维的掺入可以提高水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗冲击性能, 经化学改性后的芳纶纤维增强效果更加明显。当掺杂纤维的体积分数为1.0%时, 化学改性前后芳纶纤维增强水泥砂浆试样与基准砂浆试样相比, 其28天抗折强度分别提高了15.18%和23.85%, 抗冲击韧性分别提高了276.74%和294.54%。采用SEM对芳纶纤维表面微观形貌及试样断口形貌进行了观察, 利用XPS对改性前后芳纶纤维表面元素变化进行了研究, 探讨了芳纶纤维对水泥砂浆的增强机制。      

玄武岩纤维对水泥砂浆性能及水泥石微观结构的影响

以聚丙烯纤维为对比研究了新型材料玄武岩纤维（BF）对水泥砂浆的抗压、抗折强度和干缩的影响,并采用XRD、SEM及MIP现代检测技术对纤维微观作用机理进行了分析。结果表明：玄武岩连续纤维具有替代聚丙烯纤维的可行性;BF的加入提高了水泥砂浆的早期强度,但使28d强度有所降低;对早期砂浆的收缩有明显的改善效果,但28d以后对砂浆收缩的影响作用不显著;微观分析显示早期水化浆体中由于纤维-水泥石界面结合紧密和纤维乱向作用阻止了裂缝的引发与扩展,提高了水泥基材料早期力学性能。28d掺加纤维的水泥浆体在纤维-水泥石界面上产生弱界面,界面的弱化与总空隙率增加的共同作用导致掺加纤维水泥砂浆的长期力学性能下降。     

纳米二氧化硅对丁苯共聚物/硫铝酸盐水泥复合砂浆物理力学性能的影响

为厘清纳米二氧化硅(NS)和丁苯共聚物乳液(SB)在硫铝酸盐(CSA)水泥中的协同作用，同时解决SB/CSA水泥复合砂浆凝结时间长、抗压强度低的问题，采用NS和SB对CSA水泥砂浆进行复合改性，研究改性复合砂浆物理力学性能随NS掺量的变化，并通过测定水化放热及水化产物分析NS在SB/CSA水泥复合砂浆中的作用机制。结果表明：NS可有效缩短SB/CSA水泥复合砂浆的凝结时间，提高其抗压强度，并与SB对CSA水泥砂浆抗折强度提升具有协同作用；NS最佳掺量为1.5%,此时与不加NS的纯SB改性砂浆相比，28 d抗压和抗折强度分别提高了28%、30%。同时，掺入NS会降低复合砂浆的流动度，提高表观体积密度，降低含气量和干燥收缩率，并略微降低毛细孔吸水率。NS可通过促进无水硫铝酸钙和硫酸钙反应，进一步加快SB/CSA水泥复合浆体的水化进程，提高钙矾石的含量，从而缩短凝结时间并提高力学强度。     

纳米TiO_2对粉煤灰水泥体系物理力学性能的影响

研究了纳米TiO_2(NT)对粉煤灰(FA)水泥基材料(粉煤灰20%,40%等量取代水泥)物理力学性能的影响。首先测试了不同NT含量的FA水泥砂浆的流动度和净浆的凝结时间,然后测试了3,7,28和90d水泥砂浆的抗压强度。研究结果显示,NT的掺入可以加速初凝和终凝,降低流动度,FA具有相反的作用。NT可显著提高砂浆的早期抗压强度而对后期强度发展不利。然而,FA对后期强度发展的积极作用可以弥补NT的不利影响,最佳NT和FA掺量分别为3%和20%。接着通过XRD和SEM研究了NT对FA水泥基材料性能改善的机理。结果表明,掺入NT有助于水化产物的生成和沉淀。此外,在强度发展的过程中,NT可加速CH的消耗并提高FA的火山灰反应程度,形成更多的C-S-H,并且NT还可改善FA水泥砂浆的界面过渡区(ITZ)。     

基于高岭土增韧环氧树脂水泥基材料的多强度组合指标配比优化法

煅烧高岭土能有效改善环氧树脂水泥基材料的力学性能,实验表明：煅烧高岭土可大大提高环氧树脂水泥基材料的3 d早期抗折、抗压强度,当高岭土掺量为30%时,改性环氧树脂水泥基材料的抗折及抗压强度分别提高了134.28%、106.25%;当高岭土掺量小于30%时,改性环氧树脂水泥基材料具有二次抗折强度,且抗折强度残余率大于50%。根据不同高岭土掺量对改性环氧树脂水泥基材料抗压强度、抗折强度、二次抗折强度的影响规律,提出了适用于不同结构工程受力特点的多强度组合指标配比优化法,获得了考虑二次抗拉强度影响的不同最大拉应力和最大压应力组合条件下最优的高岭土配比,为实际不同结构体不同部位不同受力特征的高岭土改性环氧树脂水泥基材料制备提供了理论依据。     

Prediction of bending strength of long corrugated boxes

Long corrugated boxes were supported at both ends and bent by a concentrated force applied at the middle. Boxes with different lengths, cross‐sectional shapes, flute directions and board strengths were tested, using a standard compression tester with a fixed platen in accordance with ASTM D‐642. An equation was developed to relate compression strength to the various properties of the box. The correlation coefficient R² for the fit to actual data was about 0.4. Boxes having the flutes run around the box had a 20% higher compression strength than with horizontal flutes. The most significant factor was found to be the board edge crush strength. The results suggest that failure of boxes in bending is due to localized crushing at the point of application of the load, rather than whole‐box collapse. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of adding nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2O3 on properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature

This article presents the effect of adding nano-SiO₂ and nano-Al₂O₃ on the properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer pastes. Nano-particles were added to fly ash at the dosages of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight. The sodium hydroxide concentration of 10 molars, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide weight ratio of 2.0, the alkaline liquid/binder ratio of 0.60 and curing at ambient temperature of 23 °C were used in all mixtures. The results showed that the use of nano-SiO₂ as additive to fly ash results in the decrease of the setting time, while the addition of nano-Al₂O₃ results in only a slight reduction in setting time. Adding 1–2% nano-particles could improve compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus of pastes due to the formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) or calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (CASH) and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (NASH) or geopolymer gel in geopolymer matrix. In addition, the additions of both nano-SiO₂ and nano-Al₂O₃ enhances the shear bond strength between concrete substrate and geopolymer.     

新型4层瓦楞纸板的性能分析

研究了一种新型的4层瓦楞纸板结构,并将4层瓦楞纸板和3层、5层瓦楞纸板的平压强度、边压强度、戳穿强度和耐破度性能进行比较,最后得到新型4层瓦楞纸板的主要优点是:厚度比5层瓦楞纸板要薄,节省了夹芯纸的用量,降低瓦楞纸板的成本,而且强度高,在一定情况下可以代替5层瓦楞纸板达到抗压、防震、缓冲的目的。     

Yield strength in submicrovolumes of single crystals

The specificity of the transition from elastic to elastoplastic deformation in defect-free single crystals during the localization of the deformation in a submicron region has been studied by nanoindentation. A sharp transition from elastic to elastoplastic deformation has been observed in tested single crystals at depths of about 20–50 nm. To define the yield strength using the nanoindentation data, the stressed-strained state in the contact region has been analyzed. It has been shown that the yield strength in submicrovolumes of single crystals is tens-hundreds times higher than that at the macroscopic level and approaches the value of the theoretical shear strength. A mechanism of the transition from elastic to elastoplastic deformation has been discussed in the framework of the phenomenological model of the nucleation of dislocations. The transition has been induced by the homogeneous nucleation of dislocations in a contact.     

High-Cycle Fatigue of Materials and Parts of Gas-Turbine Engines

We present a historical survey of the development of the scientific direction called “Structural Strength” at the Central Institute of Airplane Engine Manufacturing (CIAEM) for the last 30 years in connection with the 100th birthday of Academician S. V. Serensen, founder of this direction in the USSR, and the 75th anniversary of foundation of the CIAEM. We present the principal results obtained by the scientific staff of the Sector of Fatigue Strength of Materials of Gas-Turbine Engines at the CIAEM.__________Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 3, pp. 5 – 21, May – June, 2005.     

A comparative analysis of approaches to the strength assessment of composite laminates

We present a comparative analysis of the approaches to the strength assessment of composite laminates, which are based on application of different strength criteria to individual plies in a stack or to a stack as a whole. The Mises-Hill and Goldenblat-Kopnov strength criteria are considered. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 4, pp. 36–42, July–August, 2008.     

The role of 0–2 mm fine recycled concrete aggregate on the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate concrete

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of 0–2 mm fine aggregate on the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) concrete with normal and high strengths. Normal coarse and fine aggregates were substituted with the same grading of RCAs in two normal and high strength concrete mixtures. In addition, to keep the same slump value for all mixes, additional water or superplasticizer were used in the RCA concretes. The compressive and splitting tensile strengths were measured at 3, 7 and 28 days. Test results show that coarse and fine RCAs, which were achieved from a parent concrete with 30 MPa compressive strength, have about 11.5 and 3.5 times higher water absorption than normal coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. The density of RCAs was about 20% less than normal aggregates, and, hence, the density of RCA concrete was about 8–13.5% less than normal aggregate concrete. The use of RCA instead of normal aggregates reduced the compressive and splitting tensile strengths in both normal and high strength concrete. The reduction in the splitting tensile strength was more pronounced than for the compressive strength. However, both strengths could be improved by incorporating silica fume and/or normal fine aggregates of 0–2 mm size in the RCA concrete mixture. The positive effect of the contribution of normal sand of 0–2 mm in RCA concrete is more pronounced in the compressive strength of a normal strength concrete and in the splitting tensile strength of high strength concrete. In addition, some equation predictions of the splitting tensile strength from compressive strength are recommended for both normal and RCA concretes.     

Enhancement on Fatigue Property of Aluminum Alloy Welded Joint by Utilizing Trailing Peening

The fatigue properties of 2024T3 aluminum alloy welded joint treated by different peening methods were examined. The different effects on fatigue performance of high strength aluminum welded joints were compared with each other by carry out a series tests     

亲水型功能化石墨烯的分散性及其对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

为了解决石墨烯纳米片在水泥基体中的分散问题,采用芳基重氮盐(F)对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行改性,制备了一种新型亲水型功能化石墨烯(FG)。结果表明,FG在水溶剂中最大的分散浓度能够达到2.1 mg/mL。FTIR、拉曼光谱和XPS结果表明F成功对石墨烯进行了表面改性。对比纯水泥基体材料,本文所制备的亲水型FG/水泥复合材料的28天抗折强度和抗压强度相对提高了95.3%和78.3%。F对GO进行改性,实现了石墨烯在水泥基材料中的均匀分散及对其力学性能的提升。      

Characterization of strength properties of thin polycrystalline silicon films for MEMS applications

The aim of this work is to characterize the strength properties of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) with the use of tensile and bending test specimens. The strength of thin polysilicon films with different geometry, size and stress concentrations has been measured and correlated with the effective size of the specimen and its stress distribution. The test results are evaluated using a probabilistic strength approach based on the weakest link theory with the use of STAU software. The use of statistic methods of strength prediction of polysilicon test structures with a complex geometry and loading based on test values for standard material tests specimen has been evaluated.