硫酸铁铵催化合成羧酸苄酯

探讨了十二水合硫酸铁铵催化合成丙酸苄酯的反应条件 ,并催化合成了甲酸苄酯 ,乙酸苄酯、丙酸苄酯和丁酸苄酯。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2在酯化反应中的应用

介绍了固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2在催化合成酯（如一元羧酸酯、二元羧酸酯、羟基酸酯、氯乙酸酯、芳香酸酯、葡萄糖酯）中的研究进展。     

牵引变压器酯油发黑的检测与分析

针对某公司运行4个月的合成酯绝缘油变黑、劣质化的异常现象,对原装合成酯油和发黑酯油进行对比检测,同时考察了该公司另外添加的变压器油跟发黑酯油的关系。测试了新合成酯油、发黑酯油和变压器油的理化性能,并对发黑酯油的进行了红外光谱、铁谱分析。结果表明,合成酯油短期运行就产生了黑色变质,主要是合成酯油中混入了变压器油导致。矿物型变压器油和合成酯油由于其成分和添加剂等不同,混合后导致合成酯油氧化加剧,酸值增加,性能下降。     

TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2在酯合成中的应用

介绍了固载杂多酸盐 TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2在催化合成酯(如一元羧酸酯、二元羧酸酯、羟基酸酯、氯乙酸酯、芳香酸酯、葡萄糖酯)中的研究进展。     

一水硫酸氢钠在酯合成中的应用

介绍了一水硫酸氢钠在催化合成酯(如一元羧酸酯、二元羧酸酯、氯乙酸酯、羟基酸酯、芳香酸酯)中的应用及其重复催化性能。     

氯化铁催化剂合成羧酸烯丙烯

讨论了氯化铁水合物催化合成丙酸烯丙酯的条件，并合成了甲酸烯丙酯、乙酸烯丙酯、丙酸烯丙酯、丁酸烯丙烯和戊酸烯丙酯。     

聚丙烯/聚醚酯酰胺共混纤维的研制

用聚乙二醇与己二酸反应合成聚醚酯,再用聚醚酯与己内酰胺反应得到聚醚酯酰胺。将聚醚酯酰胺与聚丙烯共混并纺丝得到聚丙烯/聚醚酯酰胺共混纤维;研究了聚醚酯与聚醚酯酰胺的结构和热性质;考察了共混纤维性能。结果表明:聚醚酯含量增加,聚醚酯酰胺的熔点下降,结晶温度升高;共混纤维的抗静电性和回潮率随聚醚酯酰胺含量和聚醚酯含量的增加而增强;共混纤维有很好的可染性,但强度略低。     

强酸性树脂催化合成羧酸烯丙酯

本文讨论了利用强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成丙酸烯丙酯的条件,并合成了乙酸烯丙酯、丙酸烯丙酯、丁酸烯丙酯和戊酸烯丙酯。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2在酯化反应中的应用

介绍了固载杂多酸盐TiSiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂在催化合成酯（如一元羧酸酯、二元羧酸酯、羟基酸酯、氯乙酸酯、芳香酸酯、葡萄糖酯）中的研究进展。     

非水相中酶法合成糖酯的研究进展

回顾了非水相酶法合成糖酯的研究进展,重点介绍了葡萄糖酯、果糖酯、蔗糖酯、麦芽糖酯和木糖醇酯的合成方法,分析了酶、溶剂、脂肪酸等对糖酯收率的影响,比较了不同糖酯酶法合成的相似性及差异性。并对其研究方向和发展前景进行了展望:酶法合成糖酯具有反应条件温和、选择性高、低毒环保等优点;采用新型反应介质、寻求既经济又环保的分离纯化方法和降低成本是研究的重点。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.