罗非鱼鳞胶原肽亚铁螯合物制备工艺优化及结构表征

以罗非鱼鳞胶原肽与氯化亚铁盐为原料制备多肽亚铁螯合物,并对其最佳螯合条件及螯合物结构进行探究。以螯合物得率为指标通过单因素和响应面法对螯合条件进行优化;通过扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱、X衍射和氨基酸分析等方法对螯合物结构及氨基酸组成进行分析。结果表明,制备螯合物的最佳反应条件为pH 5.30,多肽浓度3.00%,多肽与铁质量比3.2∶1.0,该条件下螯合率为82%,螯合物得率为65.43%;通过氨基酸组成分析表明,氨基酸组成符合胶原多肽的成分特征,螯合后天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸含量增加;扫描电镜、红外光谱以及X衍射等结果表明多肽与亚铁盐以配位键结合成多肽亚铁螯合物。     

羊骨多肽亚铁螯合物的制备工艺优化及结构表征

为探究羊骨多肽亚铁螯合物的最优制备工艺及结构的表征,本试验采用羊骨粉为原料,制备出羊骨多肽,并超滤分离得出螯合效果最好的肽段为0～3 KDa,再与FeCl_2进行螯合,得到羊骨多肽亚铁螯合物。以螯合率为指标,通过单因素与响应面试验,得到最优条件为反应的肽铁质量比为3∶1,底物浓度为30 mg/mL,pH为5.2,螯合时间为30 min,螯合温度为35℃,最终螯合率为78.00%。以羊骨多肽为参照,试验结果表明,定性检测确定了螯合物的形成,紫外光谱显示亚铁离子与多肽作用,红外光谱表明螯合位点为氨基,羟基和C=O,扫描电镜可看出羊骨多肽与亚铁离子发生了吸附作用,结构紧密。通过氨基酸分析可得出,氨基酸组成符合胶原多肽的成分特征,螯合后天冬氨酸与谷氨酸含量增加显著。     

桃仁多肽螯合亚铁的抑菌活性及结构表征

分别对亚铁离子与不同分子质量桃仁多肽和不同植物多肽形成的螯合物,以及亚铁、锌、钙和镁离子与桃仁多肽形成螯合物的抑菌活性进行比较,并对螯合物进行结构表征。结果表明：小分子质量（小于5 000 Da）桃仁多肽PKP3组分与亚铁离子螯合后的抑菌活性强于大分子质量（大于10 000 Da）桃仁多肽亚铁螯合物,桃仁多肽与亚铁离子和锌离子螯合后有较强抑菌活性;4 种植物多肽与亚铁离子所形成的螯合物间的抑菌活性存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）,其中桃仁多肽螯合亚铁和小麦多肽螯合亚铁的抑菌活性最强,对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）均为5.0 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为2.5、5.0 mg/mL;傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明亚铁离子与4 种植物多肽分子的—COO－、N—H、C＝O形成配位键,多肽与亚铁离子能有效地螯合形成多肽螯合亚铁。     

冷榨花生粕蛋白多肽-亚铁螯合物制备工艺优化及结构分析

以酶法水解冷榨花生粕蛋白质粉制备得到的花生多肽液(3 000 u)为原料,以氯化亚铁为金属螯合剂,在单因素试验基础上,利用Box-Behnken响应面优化技术对多肽-亚铁螯合条件进行优化分析并获得最优螯合工艺参数,即多肽-亚铁质量比为4.31:1(g/g),螯合温度为25.4 C,螯合时间28.5 min和螯合pH 7.5,在此优化条件下,多肽-亚铁螯合率为(85.68±1.27)%(n=3),与模型预测值89.653 1%接近,偏差为4.64%。花生粕蛋白多肽-亚铁螯合物经紫外光谱和红外光谱分析发现,Fe~(2+)与多肽中的NH_2~+以及COO-形成共价配位键并形成稳定的共轭结构,是一种新型有机金属螯合物。     

河蚬多肽螯合亚铁的制备工艺研究

以河蚬肉为原料制备河蚬多肽,探讨河蚬多肽与亚铁离子螯合的最佳工艺条件。在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面分析法对河蚬多肽螯合亚铁离子的工艺条件进行优化,确定最佳的螯合工艺条件为pH6.0,多肽与亚铁离子质量比1.5:1,螯合时间41 min,螯合温度31℃,螯合率预测值为82.40%,实测值为81.63%。红外光谱分析表明,多肽中的氨基和羧基均参与了螯合反应。本研究拓宽了河蚬的加工利用途径,并为多肽螯合亚铁的开发应用提供理论基础。     

桃仁多肽螯合亚铁的结构表征及体外模拟消化

以桃仁蛋白酶解分离所得多肽和氯化亚铁为原料,研究不同品种多肽、铁盐和不同分子质量多肽组分对螯合率的影响,以及对多肽螯合亚铁(PKP3-Fe)的结构表征和体外模拟消化的影响。研究结果表明,桃仁多肽与亚铁离子的螯合率显著高于(P<0.05)大豆多肽、玉米多肽和鱼胶原蛋白肽,氯化亚铁和小分子质量桃仁多肽具有更高的螯合率。桃仁多肽与亚铁离子螯合前、后的紫外光谱和荧光光谱图对比显示,螯合后紫外吸收峰位置、峰值均发生迁移,内源荧光强度明显减弱,有螯合物形成;傅里叶红外光谱分析表明,亚铁离子与桃仁多肽中的-COO-、N-H、C-N、O-H形成配位键;扫描电镜图显示,桃仁多肽螯合后微观结构发生明显改变,有光滑球状颗粒生成。在模拟胃部消化过程中,PKP3-Fe的铁离子释放率显著低于硫酸亚铁片和乳酸亚铁片(P<0.05),避免了大量氢氧化铁沉淀的生成,进入模拟肠液后,PKP3-Fe仍有相当部分成分在肠道中以离子态或与多肽以螯合物的状态存在,能更好地被人体吸收利用。     

花生肽亚铁螯合物的制备工艺优化及结构特性研究

研究超声波辅助条件下花生肽亚铁螯合物的制备工艺及其结构特性。方法 采用超声波辅助双酶酶解,考察肽铁质量比、pH、螯合温度和时间对螯合率的影响,并采用紫外、红外、荧光光谱及扫描电镜分析花生肽螯合前后空间结构及表观形态变化。结果 超声条件下碱性酶与风味酶复配能显著提高花生肽的亚铁离子螯合率;得到螯合率最佳的反应条件为肽铁质量比3.2:1,pH为7.9,温度38 ℃,时间30 min,亚铁螯合率可达67.5%;光谱分析表明,花生肽段所含的氨基与羧基参与螯合反应,使其空间结构发生改变;扫描电镜结果显示花生肽由平滑的片状结构转变为密集的球状结构。结论 得到了花生肽亚铁螯合物的最优制备工艺并确定其螯合位点,本研究不仅能提高花生粕的经济价值,还有利于促进新型铁制剂的开发。     

花椒籽肽-铁螯合物的制备及其理化性质

以花椒籽蛋白为肽源,FeCl_2为铁源制备肽铁螯合物。采用单因素试验和正交试验,以花椒籽蛋白水解肽与铁的螯合率为指标,确定了最佳螯合工艺条件:多肽溶液质量浓度为30 mg/mL,多肽和Fe Cl2的质量比为2.5∶1,pH值为6,螯合温度40℃,螯合时间45 min,此条件下测得的螯合率为96.84%,肽-铁螯合物得率为8.54%。对螯合铁进行紫外光谱、荧光光谱、傅里叶红外光谱及电镜扫描,观察表明:花椒籽蛋白多肽与FeCl_2发生了螯合反应,且所得肽铁螯合物是不同于多肽的一种新物质。对肽铁螯合物进行氨基酸组分分析,其总氨基酸含量为62.71%,必需氨基酸为16.41%,且赖氨酸为第一限制氨基酸。     

相应面法优化棉籽粕复合氨基酸螯合锌工艺

采用响应面法优化棉籽粕复合氨基酸与硫酸锌进行螯合反应的条件,制备复合氨基酸锌螯合物。以pH值、复合氨基酸与硫酸锌质量比、螯合温度为自变量,氨基酸锌螯合率为响应值,利用二次正交旋转组合试验和响应面分析法对制备条件进行优化。结果表明：最佳反应条件为pH5.55、螯合温度51℃、复合氨基酸与硫酸锌质量比3.2︰1,复合氨基酸螯合锌的螯合率为72.15%。     

卵黄高磷蛋白肽-亚铁螯合物的制备及其稳定性分析

目的 优化卵黄高磷蛋白肽螯合亚铁的制备工艺，筛选结合亚铁含量最高的卵黄高磷蛋白肽制备肽-亚铁螯合物，并分析该螯合物的耐温、耐盐、耐酸碱稳定性。方法 响应面法优化亚铁螯合物的制备工艺，超滤分离得到不同分子量大小的肽组分，采用邻菲罗啉法测定亚铁结合含量，采用Ferrozine法测定温度、盐浓度、pH对游离铁释放量的影响。结果 最优螯合工艺条件为肽-亚铁质量比4:1、63℃、pH 4.8、43 min，该条件下小于3 kDa卵黄高磷蛋白肽的亚铁结合含量最高，为(96.13±2.86) μg Fe2+?mg pro，该螯合物耐温、耐盐、耐酸碱稳定性较好。结论 优化工艺的亚铁螯合率高，既能够节约亚铁离子的用量，还能够提高肽-亚铁的结合含量。小于3 kDa卵黄高磷蛋白肽-亚铁螯合物的亚铁含量高、稳定性好，是一种潜在的铁补充剂。 关键词：卵黄高磷蛋白肽；肽-亚铁螯合物；稳定性     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.