Hilbert-Huang变换在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种新的滚动轴承故障诊断方法——基于小波系数包络信号的局部Hilbert边际谱方法，在Hilbert—Huang变换的基础上介绍了局部Hilbert谱和局部Hilbert边际谱，并将它应用于滚动轴承的故障诊断中。用小波基将滚动轴承故障振动信号分解，对高频段的小波系数用Hilbert进行包络分析得到包络信号，再对包络信号进行Hilbert—Huang变换求出局部Hilbert边际谱，从局部Hilbert边际谱中就可以判断滚动轴承的故障部位和类型。通过对滚动轴承具有外圈缺陷、内圈缺陷的情况下的振动信号的分析，说明该方法比传统的包络分析方法更能有效地提取滚动轴承故障特征。     

A fault diagnosis approach for roller bearing based on IMF envelope spectrum and SVM

Targeting the modulation characteristics of roller bearing fault vibration signals, a method of fault feature extraction based on intrinsic mode function (IMF) envelope spectrum is proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional envelope analysis method. By utilizing the proposed feature extraction method, the disadvantages of conventional envelope analysis method such as the chosen of central frequency of filter with experience in advance, looking for spectral line of fault characteristic frequencies in envelope spectrum and so on could be overcome. Firstly, the original modulation signals are decomposed into a number of IMFs by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. Secondly, the ratios of amplitudes at the different fault characteristic frequencies in the envelope spectra of some IMFs that include dominant fault information are defined as the characteristic amplitude ratios. Finally, the characteristic amplitude ratios serve as the fault characteristic vectors to be input to the support vector machine (SVM) classifiers and the work condition and fault patterns of the roller bearings are identified. Since the recognition results are available directly from the output of the SVM classifiers, the proposed diagnosis method provides the possibility to fulfill the automatic recognition to machinery faults.     

基于Hilbert谱奇异值的轴承故障诊断

针对机械故障振动信号时频特征提取问题,提出一种基于Hilbert谱奇异值的特征提取方法,并将其应用于轴承故障诊断。该方法首先利用经验模式分解方法将振动信号分解为若干个内蕴模式函数之和,接着对每个内蕴模式函数进行Hilbert变换得到振动信号的Hilbert谱,然后对Hilbert谱进行奇异值分解,得到反映机械状态特征的奇异值序列,最后利用奇异值作为特征向量,使用支持向量机进行轴承故障诊断。轴承正常、内圈故障、滚动体故障、外圈故障实测信号实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提取轴承故障振动信号特征。
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基于EMD和峭度的Hilbert包络解调在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用分析

针对直接运用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）无法有效提取具有非线性非平稳特性的滚动轴承振动信号故障特征频率的问题,提出了一种基于经验模式分解和峭度指标的Hilbert包络解调方法.首先对滚动轴承的振动信号进行了经验模式分解（EMD）,得到了包含轴承故障特征信息的各阶本征模态函数（IMF）,再计算各阶IMF的峭度值,选取了峭度值较大的几阶IMF分量重构信号,并对重构信号进行了Hilbert包络解调分析,从而获得了滚动轴承的准确故障特征信息.分别对仿真模拟信号和实际滚动轴承发生内圈故障的振动信号进行了分析,清晰地得到了故障特征频率.研究结果表明,利用融合EMD、峭度系数和Hilbert包络解调的诊断方法能够快速、准确地提取滚动轴承的故障特征频率,从而可以对滚动轴承进行有效地故障诊断.     

基于EMD的轴承故障包络谱分析

首先对滚动轴承振动信号进行经验模态分解;然后对分解后包含故障特征信息的本征模函数做Hilbert包络谱分析,在得到的包络谱中,清晰显示出故障特征信号的包络谱.试验结果表明,通过联合经验模态分解和Hilbert包络谱分析,能有效地提取出滚动轴承信号的故障信息,进而判定出轴承的损伤部位.     

基于小波包和细化包络分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

滚动轴承故障是旋转机械常见的故障之一,针对传统包络解调分析方法需要人为选定共振频带的缺陷,首先采用小波包变换滤波的方法提取滚动轴承固有频率共振频带的信号,并对提取的信号进行重构,滤除了其他信号的干扰．然后用Hilbert变换检波的方法对提取的重构信号实现包络解调,去除高频固有振动成分,诊断轴承的缺陷信息．为了进一步提高包络谱的分辨率,最后采用快速傅立叶变换-傅立叶级数（FFT—FS）方法细化频谱．并在ADBE-56-N4型交流电机上实测了6350型滚动轴承故障模拟信号,与理论分析基本吻合．     

基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断方法。该方法综合利用了Hermitian小波和包络谱分析技术的优点,首先对轴承故障振动信号进行Hermitian连续小波变换,得到小波分解的实部和虚部,然后计算振动信号的多尺度包络谱。对齿轮箱轴承故障振动信号的分析表明,该方法在强噪声环境下能有效识别轴承内圈故障和外圈故障。     

基于余弦调频小波变换的滚动轴承故障研究

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的特点，构造余玄调频小波，采用连续小波变换的方法来提取滚动轴承故障振动信号的特征，在此基础上提出了一种滚动轴承故障诊断方法：时间一小波能量谱自相关分析法。通过对滚动轴承具有缺陷的情况下振动信号的分析，说明时间一小波能量谱自相关分析法不仅能检测到滚动轴承故障的存在，而且能有效地识别滚动轴承的故障模式。     

基于小波包和AR谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳性,提出了一种基于小波包和AR谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法对系统输出信号进行小波包分解,然后进行重构,再对重构信号进行AR谱分析,从而提取出故障特征频率.试验结果表明,这种方法能有效地提取滚动轴承的故障特征,诊断其故障.     

基于经验模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于经验模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法，并定义了能量熵的概念。从不同状态的滚动轴承振动信号的能量熵值中发现，当滚动轴承发生故障时，各频带的能量会发生变化。为了进一步对滚动轴承的状态和故障类型进行分类，再从若干个包含主要故障信息的IMF分量中提取能量特征参数作为神经网络的输入参数来识别滚动轴承的故障类型。对滚动轴承的正常状态、内圈故障和外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明，以经验模态分解为预处理器提取各频带能量作为特征参数的神经网络诊断方法比以小波包分析为预处理器的神经网络诊断方法有更高的故障识别率，可以准确、有效地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类别。     

基于EMD和信息熵的滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于EMD和信息熵的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。利用EMD将滚动轴承振动信号分解为多个IMF分量,计算各个IMF分量的信息熵,设定有效的熵阈值来取舍IMF分量,利用保留的IMF分量重构信号,并对重构信号进行Hilbert包络谱分析,提取滚动轴承故障特征频率。对实测滚动轴承振动信号分析表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承的故障特征频率。     

基于形态分量分析和包络谱的轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承出现局部损伤时,其振动信号往往由包含轴承自身振动的谐振分量、包含轴承故障信息的冲击分量及随机噪声分量构成。提出了基于形态分量分析和包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法根据轴承振动信号中各组成成分的形态差异,利用改进的形态分量分析对滚动轴承故障振动信号中的谐振分量、冲击分量和噪声分量进行分离,然后对冲击分量进行Hilbert包络解调分析,根据包络谱诊断滚动轴承故障。算法仿真和应用实例表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承故障特征。     

Hilbert-Huang变换在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

为齿轮故障诊断提供了一种新的途径,将Hilbert-Huang变换引入齿轮故障诊断,提出了局部Hilbert能量谱的概念,同时根据齿轮故障振动信号的特点建立了两种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的齿轮故障诊断方法:基于EMD的频率族分离法和Hilbert能量谱方法。采用EMD(Empiricalmodedecomposition)方法对齿轮振动信号能有效地将各个频率族分离;局部Hilbert能量谱可以反映齿轮振动信号的能量随时间和频率的分布情况,从而可以提取齿轮振动信号的故障信息。将这两种方法应用于齿轮故障诊断中,结果表明,基于EMD的频率族分离法和Hilbert能量谱方法都能有效地提取齿轮故障特征信息。     

基于经验模态分解包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳特征和传统包络分析法的缺陷,提出了一种基于经验模态分解包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先采用经验模态分解将原始信号分解为若干个平稳的固有模态函数之和,然后求出包含主要故障信息的若干个固有模态函数分量的包络谱,再定义包络谱中故障特征频率处的幅值比为特征幅值比,最后以特征幅值比作为故障特征向量,输入神经网络,以神经网络的输出来判断滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型.对滚动轴承内圈、外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明,基于经验模态分解包络谱的故障诊断方法能有效地提取滚动轴承的故障特征.     

基于经验模式分解和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承的振动信号是强背景噪声下的非平稳非线性信号,其特征提取是滚动轴承故障诊断的难点。为了提高滚动轴承的故障诊断效果,提出了基于经验模式分解(Empirical Mode Decomposi-tion,EMD)和谱峭度(Spectrum Kurtosis,SK)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用EMD方法对轴承故障信号进行分解,剔除趋势项,利用归一化白噪声分量的统计特性来滤除信号中的噪声分量,然后利用谱峭度方法估计带通滤波器的中心频率和带宽,最后对剩余的信号执行带通滤波和包络解调进行故障诊断。对滚动轴承故障诊断的结果表明,本文提出的方法能够有效地提高轴承故障诊断的效果。     

IEWT和FSK在齿轮与滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

改进的经验小波变换方法(improved empirical wavelet transform,简称IEWT)是一种新的自适应性信号处理方法,将这种方法和快速谱峭度(fast spectral kurtosis,简称FSK)相结合,进行齿轮与滚动轴承的故障诊断。首先,采用IEWT对信号进行分解,筛选出故障特征最为明显的2个分量并重构信号;其次,对重构信号进行快速谱峭度滤波;最后,对滤波后的信号进行包络谱分析,提取出信号的故障特征。分析齿轮断齿及滚动轴承故障信号,与直接包络谱和基于EMD经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)方法的FSK滤波包络谱分析方法相比可知,采用IEWT处理后再进行FSK滤波的信号进行包络谱分析更具有区分性,可有效识别齿轮和滚动轴承的故障特征。     

Hilbert-Huang transform and marginal spectrum for detection and diagnosis of localized defects in roller bearings

This work presents the application of a new signal processing technique, the Hilbert-Huang transform and its marginal spectrum, in analysis of vibration signals and fault diagnosis of roller bearings. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and marginal spectrum are introduced. First, the vibration signals are separated into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using EMD. Then the marginal spectrum of each IMF can be obtained. According to the marginal spectrum, the localized fault in a roller bearing can be detected and fault patterns can be identified. The experimental results show that the proposed method may provide not only an increase in the spectral resolution but also reliability for the fault detection and diagnosis of roller bearings. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Seong-Wook Hong Hui Li received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Hebei Polytechnic University, Hebei, China, in 1991. He received his M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Harbin University of Science and Technology, Hei-longjiang, China, in 1994. He re-ceived his PhD degree from the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 2003. He is currently a professor in mechanical engineering at Shijiazhuang Institute of Railway Technology, China. His research and teaching interests include hybrid driven mechanism, kinematics and dynamics of machinery, mechatronics, CAD/CAPP, signal processing for machine health monitoring, diagnosis and prognosis.     

基于小波相关滤波法的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法研究

目前基于小波分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究已经很多,但是这些方法对于强噪声背景下的早期故障微弱信号特征提取效果并不理想。为此,提出了适用于强噪声背景的小波相关滤波滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。该方法将小波相关滤波降噪方法和Hilbert包络细化谱分析相结合:对被测信号进行小波相关滤波降噪处理,对降噪处理后的高频段尺度域的小波系数进行Hilbert包络细化谱分析。该方法在滚动轴承的早期故障诊断中的试验结果表明,该方法与直接小波系数包络谱诊断方法相比,较大地增强了对滚动轴承早期故障诊断的能力,在强噪声背景下有效地提取出滚动轴承的早期故障频率。     

滚动轴承故障特征提取的EMD频谱自相关方法

首先,在论述频谱自相关方法(spectrum auto-correlation,简称SAC)的特点、经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)分析过程和轴承故障机理的基础上,指出了在故障信号不占主导作用时频谱自相关方法在轴承故障诊断中的局限性,并得到仿真算例验证;然后,提出了基于经验模态分解和频谱自相关的轴承故障特征提取方法,将经验模态分解得到的各分量进行分析比较,再对适合的分量进行频谱自相关分析,可有效提出轴承故障频率;最后,分别在轴承故障试验台实测了深沟球轴承和圆柱滚子轴承内外圈故障振动数据,结果表明,EMD-频谱自相关分析方法可以很好地提取轴承故障信号,较单一EMD分解、频谱自相关和峭度等方法效果更好,为轴承故障诊断提供了新思路。     

Rolling element bearing fault detection based on optimal antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet

The presence of periodical impulses in vibration signals usually indicates the occurrence of rolling element bearing faults. Unfortunately, detecting the impulses of incipient faults is a difficult job because they are rather weak and often interfered by heavy noise and higher-level macro-structural vibrations. Therefore, a proper signal processing method is necessary. We proposed a differential evolution (DE) optimization and antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet (ARLW) filter-based method to extract the impulsive features buried in noisy vibration signals. The wavelet used in paper is developed from the fault characteristic signal model based on the idea of sparse representation in time-frequency domain. We first filter the original vibration signal using DE-optimized ARLW filter to eliminate the interferential vibrations and suppress random noise, then, demodulate the filtered signal and calculate its envelope spectrum. The analysis results of the simulation signals and real fault bearing vibration signals showed that the proposed method can effectively extract weak fault features.