High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Ti-22Al-27(Nb, Zr) Alloys

研究了Ti2Al Nb基合金Ti-22Al-(27-x)Nb-x Zr(x=0,1,6,at%)在650~800℃的氧化行为。采用XRD和SEM等测试技术对此温度区间形成的氧化层特征进行了分析。结果表明,相比Ti-22Al-27Nb,含锆合金具有较好的抗氧化性能。Ti-22Al-(27-x)Nb-x Zr合金在650℃氧化100 h,主要氧化产物为Ti O2,而在800℃氧化100 h,Ti O2,Al2O3和Al Nb O4为主要产物,但是在Ti-22Al-21Nb-6Zr合金中还有Zr O2生成。Ti-22Al-26Nb-1Zr合金具有优异抗氧化性能,归因于氧化产物细化形成了致密的氧化层,而Ti-22Al-21Nb-6Zr合金,虽然在800℃也形成了较多Al2O3,但是氧化层中的Zr O2为氧的快速扩散提供通道,进而导致该合金氧化增重明显。     

钛及钛合金高温氧化行为研究

对工业纯钛TA2、TC4及Ti60合金分别在600、700、800℃进行氧化,得到氧化增重曲线。利用SEM、XRD等手段对氧化表面形貌、氧化产物构成及分布进行研究并分析了3种钛材在不同温度下的氧化机制。结果表明:随着温度升高,TA2、TC4以及Ti60三种钛材的抗氧化能力均有所下降,且抗氧化能力由强到弱依次为Ti60TA2TC4。工业纯钛TA2的氧化产物为TiO_2,TC4合金在600℃氧化产物为TiO_2,700、800℃为TiO_2/Al_2O_3,Ti60合金氧化产物为TiO_2/Al_2O_3。TA2和TC4钛合金在600℃时的氧化反应均受扩散过程控制,随温度升高(700、800℃),逐渐转变为界面反应控制。由于氧化产物组织结构疏松且Al_2O_3、TiO_2和基体由于热膨胀系数不同导致的应力,TC4合金氧化膜易剥落,抗氧化能力较差。Ti60合金在700、800℃的氧化反应也受扩散过程控制,Zr、Si及稀土元素的添加得到保护能力较强的致密氧化膜Al_2O_3,抗氧化能力较好。然而800℃时,富Sn、Nd相的析出诱导氧化膜剥离,抗氧化能力有所下降。     

合金元素对Nb-Ti-Al-C合金氧化行为的影响

利用真空非自耗电弧炉制备不同Al含量的Nb-25Ti-8C合金,研究Nb-Ti-Al-C合金的组织结构及其高温氧化行为。研究表明,Nb-25Ti-8C-(0,5,10)Al合金由Nbss和(Nb,Ti)C两相构成;Nb-25Ti-8C-15Al合金由Nbss、(Nb,Ti)C和Nb3Al三相构成。800~1000℃氧化过程中,合金氧化膜为由Nb2O5,Ti O2,Al2O3,Nb O2及Ti Nb2O7多种氧化物构成的混合氧化膜。Ti、Al活性元素可优先与氧发生选择性氧化,抑制氧化物Nb2O5生成,提高氧化膜致密度和合金抗氧化性,并且氧化温度越高,Al元素改善铌合金抗氧化性能效果越明显。Nb-25Ti-8C合金800℃氧化时表现出良好的抗氧化性能,1000℃氧化时Nb-25Ti-8C-x Al合金的抗氧化性能明显优于C-103。随氧化温度升高,氧化膜中Nb2O5含量增加,导致氧化膜与合金基体的内应力增大,引起外层氧化膜脱落。碳化物中C元素以CO2形式挥发导致氧化层表面形成氧化空洞。     

钴基高温合金的循环氧化行为研究

研究了钴基高温合金K40S在950℃和1000℃的循环氧化行为。发现合金在950℃400h以内的抗循环氧化性能较好，合金在1000℃氧化50h以后因为表面氧化膜剥落开始出现失重现象。在1000℃循环氧化初期的产物主要为Cr2O3，其次为CoCr2O4和少量的CoO,400h以后，Cr2O3基本剥落，合金表面由于Cr的损耗又生成Cr2WO6、NiCr2O4以及挥发性的WO3氧化产物。添加Si和Mn元素使K40S合金抗循环氧化性能明显地比不含Si和Mn元素的DZ40M钴基高温合金优越。     

不同方法制备的Cu-Si合金的高温氧化行为

采用电弧熔炼（CA）和机械合金化（MA）方法制备了不同显微组织的二元单相Cu-Si合金（CACu-0.15Si和MACu-0.15Si,CACu-1.3Si和MACu-1.3Si）,并研究了它们在700℃和800℃纯O2中的高温氧化行为。结果表明,两种方法制备的Cu-Si合金氧化后均形成了富SiO2的混合氧化区,但未形成连续的SiO2保护膜。两种成分的机械合金化Cu-Si合金的氧化速度均小于相同温度下同成分的熔炼Cu-Si合金,这是因为细晶材料及其氧化生成的氧化膜中包含了更多的晶界,为合金各元素及氧的扩散提供了更多的短路扩散通道,使它们扩散速度均有明显提高,SiO2富集区（Cu2O＋SiO2）的快速形成有效地限制了Cu的快速向外扩散。     

Al涂层对γ-TiAl合金高温抗氧化能力的影响

研究了多弧离子镀铝对γ-TiAl合金850℃、950℃恒温氧化性能的影响,同时分析讨论了镀铝层的氧化机制.结果表明:多弧离子镀铝后,形成的纯铝涂层均匀致密,无裂纹、孔洞,与基体结合良好.静态空气中,850℃氧化100 h后,形成了连续致密的Al2O3膜层及扩散层TiAl3相;950℃氧化100 h后,表面氧化膜由Al2O3及少量的TiO2组成,膜层中TiAl2为主要成膜相.多弧离子镀铝有效地提高了γ-TiAl合金高温抗氧化性能.     

7475铝合金阳极氧化膜表面-界面组织与特征

利用阳极氧化法在7475铝合金表面制备一层氧化膜。通过SEM、EDS、XRD等手段分析其表面-界面形貌、化学元素组成和物相,对其表面和结合界面化学元素进行面扫描和线扫描分析,并对氧化膜界面结合形式进行表征。结果表明:阳极氧化膜主要是由Al和O元素组成,还含有板材中所不具备的C、K和S元素,主要来源于阳极氧化的电解液;生成的氧化膜为稳相α-Al2O3和亚稳相γ-Al2O3,其中以α-Al2O3为主;Al和O原子在氧化膜结合界面形成富集层,其界面为化合物型+扩散型形式。     

Zr-2.5Nb合金在500℃/10.3MPa过热蒸汽中腐蚀形成的O/M界面特征的APT研究

合金耐腐蚀性能的差异被认为是合金表面形成的具有保护作用的氧化物结构差异所导致的。为了表征氧化层的微结构,利用原子探针层析技术(APT)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Zr-2.5Nb合金在500℃/10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中腐蚀16 h后,其氧化膜/基体(O/M)界面处的三维原子分布和显微组织。结果表明:在Zr O2生成之前,存在Zr/O比接近1的氧化物前驱相; Zr O层中Nb的含量很低,位于该氧化层中的β-Nb第二相中的Nb元素几乎不向外扩散,Fe元素偏聚在Zr O2与Zr O层界面处;β-Nb第二相的抗氧化性能高于基体,Fe元素偏聚在氧化后的β-Nb第二相与基体的界面处。     

PCrNi3MoVA钢表面溅射NiCrAlY涂层的高温氧化行为

用磁控溅射方法在PCrNi3 MoVA钢表面制备NiCrAlY涂层,涂层在空气中850 ℃恒温氧化100 h,借助XRD、SEM和EDAX对涂层表面氧化膜进行分析,检测其恒温抗氧化能力.结果表明,涂层大大提高了基体的抗氧化性,涂层表面主要生成了与基体粘附性好的Al2O3氧化膜,在柱状晶间隙较大处生成了NiCr2O4氧化膜与Fe2O3氧化膜;同时涂层的Ni元素与基体的Fe元素发生了明显的互扩散,而Cr元素在界面富集,Al元素主要集中在表面和界面,与氧发生反应生成Al2O3.     

定向凝固Fe-18%Cr-3%B-Si合金组织及高温抗氧化性能

目的 研究Si对Fe-18％Cr-3％B合金高温抗氧化性能的影响,并开发新型抗氧化轧辊材料.方法 采用定向凝固技术制备出Si质量分数分别为0.0％、1.0％、2.0％、3.0％的Fe-Cr-B定向凝固合金,并用增重法表征合金的氧化动力学,通过SEM、XRD等手段分析定向合金氧化膜表面和截面形貌、结构和物相组成,并评价Si对定向合金抗氧化性能的作用.结果 Si的加入明显细化了定向凝固Fe-Cr-B合金的组织,有利于合金中硬质相M2B硼化物的定向生长.氧化结果表明,经800℃氧化100 h后,Si的加入可使合金氧化速率从0.05228 g/(m2·h)降至0.00928 g/(m2·h),抗氧化性能提升5倍以上.Si的加入使定向合金表面氧化膜变得光滑平整、致密连续且无开裂和剥落.表面膜结构分析表明,该定向合金氧化膜从合金基体到表面依次为Cr2O3、FeCr2O4、Fe3O4尖晶石和最外层的Fe2O3复合氧化物,而Si的加入促进了最内层SiO2氧化膜的形成,该层呈连续曲折形态存在于定向合金与Cr2O3的界面.同时,定向合金中取向排列的M2B硬质相与内氧化层SiO2呈现出"嵌入式"的嵌合界面,改变了界面结合形态和内界面结构,显著提高了复合氧化膜与定向合金界面的附着力.定向合金的氧化过程中,相对粗大的初生硼化物失效主要源于初生硼化物的剥落与氧内扩散诱致M2B开裂.结论 Si显著提高定向Fe-Cr-B合金的抗氧化性,主要机制为Si促进内氧化层SiO2的形成,并导致"互嵌入式"的SiO2/M2B双向嵌合界面结构的产生,这种氧化膜/合金界面"取向性互嵌型钉扎膜结构"可有效提高膜基界面附着力.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.