Fe40合金粉芯焊丝堆焊层组织与性能的研究

为说明激光堆焊层的组织与性能特点,进行了激光堆焊Fe40粉芯焊丝的试验研究,检测了堆焊层横截面的显微组织形貌和硬度分布.研究表明:激光堆焊层组织致密,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷；堆焊层组织为胞状过饱和奥氏体树枝晶；堆焊层与基体呈冶金结合；堆焊层的平均硬度为HV0.2550.     

激光堆焊镍基碳化钨梯度焊层及耐磨机理分析

首次提出用同轴同步送粉的激光堆焊方法在Q235钢基体表面制备工程厚度的WC梯度焊层。研制出可连续进行梯度焊层堆焊的激光枪，并分析了梯度焊层组织的特点、硬度的变化、基材熔深的控制。结果表明，精细控制送粉过程可以实现对熔深的控制，调整界面的成分。粉末成分的梯度变化使焊层的硬度、耐磨性、WC颗粒的分布呈梯度变化，获得以原始态WC颗粒为主的焊层。     

某低合金铸钢过渡层+耐磨层梯度堆焊的组织和性能

采用堆焊焊条,在低合金铸钢基体上进行堆焊试验,对比分析了直接耐磨层堆焊和过渡层+耐磨层梯度堆焊的组织和性能.结果表明,过渡层能有效改善低合金铸钢基体、过渡层与耐磨层堆焊界面的微观组织,有利于合金元素和组织性能的合理过渡,提高了相互间的结合强度.     

5CrNiMo模具钢堆焊过渡层+强化层材料的组织和力学性能研究

采用药芯焊丝在5CrNiMo模具钢基体上进行堆焊试验,对直接堆焊强化层材料和堆焊过渡层+强化层材料时各堆焊界面的组织,显微硬度,堆焊试样力学性能,熔合区化学成分进行了对比分析。结果表明:堆焊过渡层能有效改善基体、过渡层及强化层堆焊界面的显微组织;形成一个新的二级硬度梯度,使基体到强化层金属的过大硬度梯度得到明显减缓,实现了组织、硬度与合金元素的合理过渡。堆焊试样的抗拉强度得到明显提高。     

钛基体预敷硅粉氩弧堆焊层的高温氧化行为

利用预敷硅粉氩弧堆焊方法,在纯钛基体表面制备出含有Ti5S i3相的堆焊层,在温度为800和900℃条件下对基体和堆焊层试样进行循环氧化试验.结果表明,不同组织堆焊层的高温抗氧化性能均比纯钛基体有明显提高.氧化试验温度低于钛的固态相变点时,堆焊层抗氧化性能按照亚共晶→共晶→过共晶的组织组成顺序提高.氧化试验温度为900...     

基于激光熔覆的金属零件快速成形组织与性能

采用同步送粉法进行了镍基合金Ni25、Ni60和316L不锈钢多层激光熔覆成形试验,对不同材料的成形组织与性能进行了表征。结果表明,成形零件组织细小、致密,无缺陷,层与层之间为冶金结合;快速凝固枝晶沿最大温度梯度方向呈外延方式择优生长。力学性能测试表明,316L不锈钢零件抗拉强度达680MPa,伸长率超过40％,达到或超过铸造和冷、热轧退火零件的性能,能够满足实际使用要求。     

热作模具H13钢表面激光堆焊类高速钢的实验研究

研究韧性较高的热作模具H13钢表面上通过激光合金堆焊的方法直接复合类高速钢金属。采用专用合金焊丝，利用自动送丝系统通过激光堆焊的方法在基体材料上获得2～3mm的高硬、高耐磨的合金堆焊层，利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度仪对堆焊层进行显微组织分析和硬度测试。结果表明：堆焊层形成了高硬的碳化物，且堆焊层与基体之间具有良好的冶金结合，堆焊层的平均硬度达922HV。     

工艺参数对钻杆接头Fe90等离子堆焊层组织及性能的影响

为了改善钻杆接头的耐磨性,延长其使用寿命,采用等离子堆焊技术在Q235普碳钢表面制备了Fe90合金堆焊层,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度测试仪对堆焊层的组织结构、元素构成、硬度进行测试分析,通过多因素正交试验和相关分析探究堆焊电流、合金粉末输送速度、送粉气体流量对堆焊层组织及性能的影响。结果表明：当堆焊电流为180 A,输粉速率30 g/min,输粉气流量2.5 L/min时,堆焊层组织及性能较为理想,硬度达到59.4 HRC,耐磨性得到了较大幅度的提升。     

堆焊

CO2＋电磁搅拌复合堆焊梯度功能层的微观组织及性能研究,用于铸管模修复的抗热疲劳堆焊材料试验研究,高锰耐磨钢衬板的堆焊修复,硼含量对Fe-Cr-C堆焊层性能的影响,工艺参数对堆焊层组织性能的影响……     

堆焊

CO2＋电磁搅拌复合堆焊梯度功能层的微观组织及性能研究,用于铸管模修复的抗热疲劳堆焊材料试验研究,高锰耐磨钢衬板的堆焊修复,硼含量对Fe-Cr-C堆焊层性能的影响,工艺参数对堆焊层组织性能的影响……     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of B-Bearing Austenitic Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition In-Situ Alloying

In the field repair application of laser metal deposition (LMD), the kinds of powder materials that can be used are limited, while the equipment components are made of various materials. Hence many components have to be repaired with heterogeneous materials. However, it is difficult to match the mechanical properties between the repaired layer and the substrate due to the different materials. Based on the high flexibility of raw materials and processes in LMD, an in-situ alloying method is proposed herein for tailoring the mechanical properties of LMDed alloy. Using different mixing ratios of Fe314 and 316L stainless steel powders as the control parameter, the microstructure and mechanical properties of B-bearing austenitic stainless steel fabricated by LMD in-situ alloying with different proportions of Fe314 and 316L particles were studied. With the increase in the concentration of 316L steel, the volume fraction of the eutectic phase in deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steel reduced, the size of the austenite dendrite increased, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decreased monotonically, while the elongation increased monotonically. Moreover, the fracture mode changed from quasi-cleavage fracture to ductile fracture. By adding 316L powder, the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steel could be adjusted within the range of 712 MPa-257 MPa, 1325 MPa-509 MPa, and 8.7%-59.3%, respectively. Therefore, this work provides a new method and idea for solving the performance matching problem of equipment components in the field repair.     

7A04铝合金/304不锈钢连续驱动摩擦焊及焊后热处理

对7A04铝合金与304不锈钢异种材料进行了摩擦焊接试验,并对接头进行了不同温度、不同时间的退火处理.对接头飞边形貌、抗拉强度、断口形貌、金相组织、显微硬度等进行对比分析.结果表明,采用合适的工艺参数能获得形貌良好的飞边和更好的抗拉强度,焊合区的铝合金组织发生动态再结晶,晶粒细化,组织比基材更加致密,结合面两边互有元素扩散,焊合区显微硬度高于基材.经400℃×3 h退火处理的接头其抗拉强度提升明显,界面形成了不同的金属间化合物,扩散层厚度略有增加,显微硬度值有所下降.     

Ni/Si中间层对铝/钢激光焊接头组织与性能的影响

研究了以Ni箔以及预置Si粉的Ni箔为中间层的铝/钢异种金属激光焊行为. 系统考察了不同激光功率下预置Si粉的Ni箔中间层对铝/钢异种金属激光焊接头组织与性能的影响. 结果表明,加入预置Si粉的Ni箔做复合中间层时,与只添加Ni箔片做中间层时相比,焊接接头的最大剪切力明显提高,其中激光功率为2 150 W时焊接接头的最大剪切力提高至1 307.96 N;Si粉的添加增加了熔池的流动性,并使得铝/钢界面的物相组成、元素分布和微观组织形态发生了改变;焊缝区生成了Fe-Si及Al-Si二元新相,有效抑制了Fe-Al二元脆性相的生成,改善了铝/钢的焊接性. 因此,预置Si粉的Ni箔复合中间层的加入,可以有效地改善铝/钢异种金属激光焊过程中的冶金反应,进而提高焊接接头的力学性能.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti+Q235复合钢板对接焊缝组织和抗腐蚀性能分析

针对内复合不锈钢焊管制造,采用4种焊接工艺对厚度为3mm+10mm的1Cr18Ni9Ti+Q235复合钢板对接焊缝进行了自动焊接,对焊接接头进行显微组织分析、拉伸、内外弯曲、冲击试验、电化学和晶间腐蚀试验.结果表明,采用TIG焊焊接复层,复层焊缝显微组织为奥氏体加少量铁素体,在1moL/L的盐酸溶液中进行电化学腐蚀试验,其抗电化学腐蚀性能与母材复层相近,无晶间腐蚀现象.基体采用TIG焊的焊接接头,基体焊缝组织为较高强韧性的板条状马氏体,满足力学性能要求.而基体采用SAW焊的焊接接头,基体焊缝力学性能和复层焊缝抗腐蚀性能均不能满足要求.     

MIG电弧增材制造6061铝合金的组织和性能

探索MIG电弧增材制造6061铝合金构件的工艺成形性,并对成形件不同区域的微观组织及力学性能开展研究.结果表明,当送丝速度/焊接速度的比值P在0.5 ~ 1之间,且送丝速度在5 ~ 7 m/min之间时,可获得良好焊道形貌;堆积焊道层与层之间交界处为结合层,其余区域为沉积层,结合层和沉积层呈现出沿堆积高度方向灰白色带依次交替的形貌,并都呈现出各种尺寸大小的气孔多发的状态;显微硬度和拉伸测试发现:沿着堆积方向硬度变化不大,结合层硬度低于沉积层,且硬度波动性更大;不同区域水平方向强度差异不大,堆积方向强度比水平方向略低,平均断后伸长率分别为18%和22.6%,两个方向拉伸断口皆以韧窝为主,属于韧性断裂.     

Tailoring microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a high-performance alloy steel through controlled thermal cycles of a direct laser depositing process

Direct laser deposition (DLD), as a popular metal additive manufacturing process, shows advantages of technical flexibility and high efficiency to gain a high-performance alloy steel component. However, during the processing of DLD, the deposited steel layer is affected by the subsequent layer depositing. The DLD block shows different microstructure and mechanical properties at the bottom, middle and top of the deposited parts. To date, there are few research works about the effects of inter-layer interval time and laser power on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the deposited layers. In this study, the idle time and laser power layer by layer during DLD of 12CrNi2 steel were controlled to cause the deposited layers to maintain a high cooling rate, while the bottom deposited layer was subjected to a weak tempering effect. Results show that a high proportion of martensite is produced, which improves the strength of the deposited layer. Under the laser scanning strategy of laser power 2,500 W, scanning velocity 5 mm·s⁻¹, powder feeding rate 11 g·min⁻¹, overlap rate 50%, and a laser power difference of 50 W and a 2 min interval, the tensile strength of the deposited layer of 12CrNi2 steel is in the range of 873–1,022 MPa, and the elongation is in the range of 16.2%–18.9%. This study provides a method to reduce the tempering effect of the subsequent deposition layers on the bottom layers, which can increase the proportion of martensite in the low-alloy high-strength steel, so as to improve the yield strength of the alloy steel.

     

Effects of substrate preheating during direct energy deposition on microstructure,hardness, tensile strength,and notch toughness

This study examined the effects of substrate preheating for the hardfacing of cold-press dies using the high-speed tool steel AISI M4. The preheating of the substrate is a widely used technique for reducing the degree of thermal deformation and preventing crack formation. We investigated the changes in the metallurgical and mechanical properties of the high-speed tool steel M4 deposited on an AISI D2 substrate with changes in the substrate preheating temperature. Five preheating temperatures (100-500 °C; interval of 100 °C) were selected, and the changes in the temperature of the substrate during deposition were observed. As the preheating temperature of the substrate was increased, the temperature gradient between the melting layer and the substrate decreased; this prevented the formation of internal cracks, owing to thermal stress relief. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy showed that a dendritic structure was formed at the interface between the deposited layer and the substrate while a cellular microstructure was formed in the deposited layer. As the preheating temperature was increased, the sizes of the cells and precipitated carbides also increased. Furthermore, the hardness increased slightly while the strength and toughness decreased. Moreover, the tensile and impact properties deteriorated rapidly at excessively high preheating temperatures (greater than 500 °C). The results of this study can be used as preheating criteria for achieving the desired mechanical properties during the hardfacing of dies and molds.     

HS-80高强钢焊丝激光-MAG复合焊熔敷金属特性

研究了HS-80焊丝激光-MAG复合焊和MAG焊两种焊接方法的熔敷金属特性.与MAG焊相比,激光-MAG复合焊熔敷金属的屈服强度、抗拉强度和冲击韧度显著提高,熔敷金属的组织更加细小,合金元素过渡系数增大.高速焊接导致的熔池金属冷却速度快及熔池金属流动性的增加是导致复合焊熔敷金属组织细化的主要原因.焊缝金属中Ti,Mo等...     

异种钛合金协同送丝等离子增材制造试验

采用双丝协同等离子增材系统实现了TC4-TA2异种钛合金的增材成形,期望制备的增材构件具有良好的沉积形貌及优异的力学性能. 采用了体视显微镜、扫描电镜、EDS、XRD、拉伸及硬度等测试方法分析其组织及性能. 结果表明,增材构件中存在两种微观组织形态,即分布在沉积层交界处的α相集束组织和分布在沉积层中心的α + β相片层组织. 构件在竖直和水平方向上的抗拉强度分别为998和1 037 MPa,断后伸长率为9.2%和5.7%,断裂呈现为脆性解理断裂. 试验结果证明,等离子增材制造技术能够实现异种钛合金协同增材成形.     

低活化马氏体钢真空扩散焊接工艺

在不同工艺参数下对低活化马氏体钢进行真空扩散焊接试验,通过比较试样显微组织形态、界面结合率及抗拉强度,探究焊接温度、焊接压力对接头组织演化及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,马氏体组织在扩散焊接过程中发生了奥氏体化现象,且焊接温度越高时,奥氏体化程度越高;在一定范围内,提高焊接温度及焊接压力均可增强原子的自扩散效果,从而提升焊缝接头的力学性能,其中焊接温度1 000 ℃,焊接压力20 MPa,保温时间120 min参数下焊接试样的抗拉强度达到1 013 MPa,焊接面结合状况良好.