基于正交试验的活性粉末混凝土强度及流动性研究

通过正交试验的方法系统的研究了水胶比、砂胶比、减水剂掺量、粉煤灰掺量、硅灰掺量及钢纤维掺量等参数对活性粉末混凝土(RPC)流动性及不同龄期和养护制度下抗压强度的影响,分析各组分材料掺量的贡献率,得到既定配制材料的最佳掺量和最优配比.基于鲍罗米公式对试验数据进行分析,修正拟合得到了RPC强度计算公式及流动度经验公式,并将计算值与实验值进行对比,两者吻合度较好.     

基于正交理论的玄武岩纤维活性粉末混凝土配合比设计

通过正交试验进行活性粉末混凝土(Reactive Powder Concrete,RPC)的配合比设计,选取水胶比、砂胶比、水泥/粉煤灰、减水剂、玄武岩纤维掺量为因素,设定相应的水平.运用极差法分析了上述因素和相应水平对RPC拌合物工作性及其力学性能的影响.结果表明,在标准养护条件下,当水胶比为0.2、粉煤灰取代水泥量为30％、减水剂为胶凝材料的2％、玄武岩纤维掺量为5 kg/m3时,可以配制出28 d抗压强度、抗折强度分别超过95.1 MPa、13.4 MPa的高强度活性粉末混凝土.     

基于正交理论的RPC配合比设计

在深入分析国内外RPC制备实践的基础上,提出了一种基于正交设计理论的RPC配合比设计方法.该方法采用两阶段设计,第一阶段应用正交设计理论确定RPC材料的最佳基体,第二阶段通过实验优选钢纤维掺量.应用该方法采用42.5R型水泥、粉煤灰、硅灰、普通河砂、减水剂和钢纤维等材料制备出了抗折强度高达38.6 MPa的RPC材料.     

200MPa级超高性能混凝土胶砂体系结构与性能研究

为了进一步提高常规工艺和标准养护条件下混凝土的强度,采用精品胶材+精品骨料+高效减水剂的技术途径,基于最紧密堆积理论及正交设计试验方法开展200 MPa级超高性能混凝土胶砂体系结构与性能研究.结果表明:实验所用水泥、硅灰、微珠及偏高岭土之间相互存在着紧密堆积效应,调整粉体比例可降低胶凝体系的压实体空隙率并改善流动性能;进一步调整配合比中钢纤维掺量、纳米SiO2掺量以及细骨料品种,可配制出标准养护条件下90 d抗压强度超200 MPa的超高性能混凝土胶砂.     

掺天然超细混合材高性能混凝土的制备及其耐久性研究

用天然黄砂、60％的复合超细混合材分别代替当今活性粉末混凝土中的磨细石英粉、部分水泥和硅灰,研究了在标准养护、热水养护和蒸压养护条件下该混凝土的力学性能,成功地制备出抗压强度大于200 MPa、抗折强度大于50 MPa的超高性能混凝土(RPC),并着重地研究了这一超高性能水泥基材料的耐久性,重点剖析了耐水性、抗碳化性能、抗冻性和耐腐蚀性等,并分析了超高性能形成的机理,结果表明:这种超高性能混凝土具有非常优异的耐水性、抗碳化性和抗冻性,该混凝土具有广阔的开发及应用前景。     

活性粉末混凝土(RPC180)的试验研究

影响活性粉末混凝土抗压强度的因素主要由四种:水胶比、硅灰掺量、砂胶比和钢纤维掺量.在国内外研究的基础上,通过试验分析了四种因素对活性粉末混凝土抗压强度和流动性的影响,再通过正交试验优化配合比,成功配制出RPC180级活性粉末混凝土.     

新拌活性粉末混凝土流变性能研究

研究了硅酸盐水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰或(和)石英粉等配制的活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的流变性能,包括新拌RPC的流变类型、触变性、水胶比(W／C)、掺合料种类及掺量、减水剂等对新拌RPC的流变学特征的影响。     

基于Design-expert的铁尾矿活性粉末混凝土配合比优化试验研究

针对铁尾矿活性粉末混凝土(RPC)原料控制因素繁多、配合比设计复杂的情况,为了制备达到RPC160级的混凝土,基于力学性能进行了配合比设计及优化研究.选取水胶比、胶集比、石英砂量、铁尾矿粒级、粉煤灰粉磨时间、硅灰掺量、钢纤维掺量等影响因素,并利用铁尾矿取代石英砂和粉煤灰取代硅灰,设置7因素4水平的正交试验,得到了RPC的抗压、抗折强度;运用软件Design-expert分析了强度试验结果,建立了响应曲面,拟合出响应曲面方程,并根据拟合方程优化了RPC的配合比.结果表明:以铁尾矿替代石英砂,粉煤灰取代硅灰可制备得到RPC160级混凝土;对抗压强度影响最大的两个因素是水胶比和铁尾矿粒级,对抗折强度影响最大的两个因素是钢纤维掺量和粉煤灰粉磨时间;提出了铁尾矿RPC抗压和抗折强度经验计算公式,根据设计强度指标优化了配比,给出了抗压强度≥170 MPa、抗折强度≥29 MPa的RPC各试验条件参数的范围,并通过验证试验证明了Design-expert软件优化结果的可靠性.     

活性粉末混凝土抗压强度试验研究

通过立方体抗压强度试验研究了活性粉末混凝土的受压破坏过程,并通过单因素对比试验研究了水胶比、石英粉、粉煤灰、纤维掺量和养护条件对活性粉末混凝土抗压强度的不同影响,并对低水胶下获得超高强度的原理进行深入分析;配制出了7d龄期常温养护条件下达105MPa和高温蒸汽养护条件下达193MPa的活性粉末混凝土.     

材料组成对UHPC性能的影响

超高性能混凝土作为一种性能优异的水泥基材料,已经得到广泛的关注.本文就UHPC常用原材料组成对其流动性及强度发展的影响进行了研究.结果表明水胶比对UHPC性能的影响最大,且随着水胶比增大,UHPC新拌物流动性增加,强度逐渐减小;在标养情况下,硅灰掺量对其强度影响最小;其他材料组成对UHPC的影响表现为石英粉掺量40％、砂灰比1.0及减水剂掺量2.5％时,试件强度最高.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.