铝合金表面的磁控溅射钛涂层研究

采用磁控溅射技术在2A12铝合金试样上制备了钛涂层,以改善铝合金在含氯离子环境中的耐蚀性。检验了溅射和未溅射钛涂层的试样的表面形貌。通过电化学腐蚀试验研究了溅射时间对试样在3.5%氯化钠溶液中耐蚀性能的影响。试验结果表明:溅射钛涂层的试样表面光滑致密,延长溅射时间可进一步提高其耐蚀性。100 W功率、溅射40 min以上制备钛涂层的合金的耐蚀性能比无钛涂层的合金提高了1倍以上。     

电弧喷涂法制备高耐蚀合金涂层及其性能研究

通过铸熔拉拔直接制备Zn-Al-Mg合金丝材,采用电弧喷涂法制备出Zn-Al-Mg合金涂层,由铜醋酸加速盐雾试验和失重试验研究了Zn-Al-Mg合金涂层的耐蚀能力,并考察了涂层采用封孔处理后的耐蚀能力.运用电化学测试方法研究了涂层中Mg元素含量对涂层耐蚀性的影响,分析了腐蚀过程中涂层的电化学特性,最终确定了一种耐蚀性能优异的合金涂层-Zn18Al0.5Mg.     

国外近期腐蚀科学文摘

20 0 4 0 4 0 1　应用于侵蚀性较强的环境中的耐蚀金属涂层　K .Krist ,etal .Corrosion resistantmetalliccoatingsforapplicationinhighlyaggressiveenvironments .Surf.Coat.Techno .,2 0 0 3,Jan :16 3～16 4,31～36 (英文) .利用适当的扩散涂层修饰低级钢表面,其耐蚀性可与昂贵的超级合金相媲美。作者采用液化床反应器化学气相沉积法制备了碳钢和低级钢表面上Cr、Ni、Si和Ti扩散涂层。4 0 9S不锈钢上的扩散涂层其耐蚀性与化学热泵上用的AL6XN或AL2 9 4C合金相同。本文描述了多种耐蚀金属扩散涂层的制备、特征和性能。2 0 0 4…     

扩散涂钛法—提高金属和合金耐蚀性的一种有前途的方法

在钛研究所里,采用真空中由气相产生金属和合金的扩散涂钛法进行加工。用这种方法制备了低碳钢,高碳钢,铸铁,难熔金属和合金,有色金属和合金以及石英和其它材料的钛涂层。扩散饱和的过程是在900～1400℃范围内进行,温度的选择取决于合金牌号。涂钛的结果生成一个与基体金属紧密联接的厚度为0.01—0.5毫米的致密扩散层。     

水性Al-Zn-Si合金涂层微观组织及腐蚀性能研究

用Al-Zn-Si合金粉末制备热烧结铝锌硅合金涂层,通过盐水浸泡实验和电化学测试研究其耐蚀性能,并结合扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析等手段观察Al-Zn-Si合金涂层显微组织及其在盐水中的腐蚀产物形貌,分析涂层的耐蚀机理。结果表明,Al-Zn-Si合金涂层也具有阴极保护作用,且Al-Zn-Si合金延缓涂层金属粉末的消耗,使牺牲阳极的腐蚀速率减慢。     

电弧喷涂Zn-22Al-Mg-RE合金涂层的耐蚀性能

采用电弧喷涂技术和自主研发的合金丝材在Q345基体上制备出Zn-22Al-Mg-RE合金涂层。通过SEM、铜加速乙酸盐雾试验、XRD和极化曲线来比较纯锌涂层和Zn-22Al-Mg-RE合金涂层的微观结构及耐蚀性能。结果表明,Zn-22Al-Mg-RE合金涂层相比于纯锌涂层结合强度提高了40%,在铜加速乙酸盐雾试验中出现第一锈点的时间延长1倍以上。电化学实验结果也表明合金涂层具备更优异的耐蚀性能。研究认为,Zn-22Al-Mg-RE合金涂层腐蚀产物中出现大量稳定致密的Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O物相,是耐蚀性能提高的主要原因之一。     

磁悬浮道岔Zn-Al防护涂层的研究及应用

目的设计和制备高性能热喷涂Zn-Al合金防护涂层,为其在磁悬浮道岔上的应用提供必要的理论基础,提高磁悬浮道岔的耐蚀性能,延长道岔的使用寿命。方法采用3种丝材火焰喷涂工艺,分别在Q235B钢基体表面制备了Zn-Al合金涂层。通过磁性测量方法、中性盐雾腐蚀试验和划格附着力测试,分析比较这3种工艺条件下制备的Zn-Al合金涂层的厚度、耐蚀性能和附着力。结果热喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层表面光滑,在其他工艺参数不变的情况下,当火焰喷涂距离逐渐减小,喷涂的道数逐渐增加时,热喷涂层的厚度随之增加。当喷涂距离为150 mm、喷涂道数为10时,热喷涂层的厚度最大,为126μm。涂层厚度的增加提高了涂层的耐蚀性能,并且涂层的附着力保持为1级。采用保守计算可知,厚度为126μm的热喷涂Zn-Al涂层的理论防腐寿命可以达到40年。结论热喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层对基体兼具有屏蔽和阴极保护的双重防护作用,保护性能较好,延长了磁悬浮道岔的使用寿命,降低了道岔的维修和维护成本。通过对工艺参数的分析和比较,确定了最佳的热喷涂工艺参数。该工艺条件下制备的热喷涂层结合强度高,耐蚀性能好。     

钛铝伪合金涂层在模拟深海压力下的腐蚀行为

通过电化学测试和微观组织分析等方法,研究了钛铝双丝高速电弧喷涂伪合金涂层在模拟深海压力条件下的腐蚀行为。结果表明:钛铝伪合金涂层在6 MPa高压静水条件下仍保持了较好的耐蚀性能,主要是由于涂层中富Ti相基本未被腐蚀,在涂层结构中起到了支撑骨架的作用,富Al相则起到了牺牲阳极保护的作用。同时腐蚀产物有效地填充了富Ti相的"骨架"结构,使之形成具有高度"自封闭"效果的涂层,强化了涂层的耐蚀效果。     

钛钢复合板端面冷喷涂钛涂层的制备及性能研究

目的 改善钛钢复合板端面部位的服役性能。方法 采用冷喷涂技术在钛钢复合板端面制备了钛金属涂层。通过X射线衍射分析、热场发射扫描分析、能谱分析、维氏硬度测试、结合力试验、摩擦磨损试验、电化学测试和盐雾试验等手段,研究了冷喷涂过程中,送粉气体压力和温度对钛涂层的组织结构、显微硬度、耐磨性能、结合力和耐蚀性能的影响规律,以获得综合性能优异的钛涂层。结果 冷喷涂钛涂层具有良好的耐磨性能,送粉气体压力增大和温度升高可提高涂层的致密度,降低涂层孔隙率并提高涂层的显微硬度,改善涂层与基体间的结合强度。能谱分析和X射线衍射仪分析表明,涂层主要成分为Ti且与基体间的界面清晰,元素互相扩散现象不明显。送粉气体压力为5MPa、送粉温度为900℃时,所制备的钛涂层的极化电阻最大。各涂层经过1 000 h中性盐雾加速腐蚀试验后表面依旧完整,未发生明显的腐蚀,这表明涂层为基体提供了有效的腐蚀屏障,提高了钛钢复合板的耐腐蚀性能。结论 采用冷喷涂技术制备的钛涂层可有效提高钛钢复合板在海洋环境中的服役性能。     

DZ125合金再涂覆CoCrAlY涂层界面互扩散行为研究

采用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)方法在DZ125镍基高温合金上制备了CoCrAlY涂层,经过高温氧化扩散处理后,通过物理方法去除不同深度的涂层,采用相同的工艺重新制备了CoCrAlY涂层.研究了高温扩散过程中再涂覆CoCrAlY涂层与DZ125合金基体界面的互扩散行为及涂层的高温氧化行为.结果表明,去除涂层的深度对再涂覆涂层与合金界面的扩散行为以及涂层的高温氧化性能有重要影响.再涂覆涂层经高温氧化后形成的贫Al区厚度均小于首次涂覆涂层,且去除的深度越浅,贫Al区的厚度越薄.当涂层去除至互扩散区(IDZ)底部时,再涂覆涂层经高温氧化后形成的IDZ厚度与首次涂覆涂层相当,且氧化膜厚度较薄.     

钛合金表面离子束增强沉积膜层的环境适应性和接触相容性

利用离子束增强沉积技术在钛合金表面制备CrN硬质抗磨层和CuNiln固体润滑膜层。通过电化学测试技术对比研究了膜层和钛合金基材在含Cl介质中的抗蚀性能和接触腐蚀敏感性，利用高温静态氧化方法评价了膜层的抗氧化性能。结果表明：(1)CuNiln膜层耐电化学腐蚀性能和抗氧化性能显著优于Cu，在含Cl介质中与钛合金接触相容。(2)在含Cl水溶液中，CrN膜层耐蚀性好，与钛合金接触相容；在HCl HF混合酸中，CrN膜耐蚀性能远优于钛合金；抗氧化性能优于Ti。     

Diffusion Carbide Layers, Formed on the Surface of Steel in the Vacuum Titanizing Process

DIFFUSION TITANIZING is applied to increase thedurability of tools,which operate under wearconditions[1].There is considerable bibliographicaldata concerning the diffusion titanizing process,inparticular,problems connected with hard titaniumcarbide layers are quite well elaborated[2-4].In this paper,a novel vacuum titanizing process,which involves treating steel in titanium vapor at thetemperature over1000°C under low pressure,has beenproposed[5].A porous material containing titaniumw…     

Korrosionsschutz durch Auftragschweißen mit den reaktiven Metallen Titan,Tantal und Zirkonium

Corrosion protection using surface-welded titanium, tantalum and zirconium claddings Very stringent demands are imposed on the corrosion resistance properties of components, apparatus, and plants of the chemical industry as well as in apparatus and machine construction. For technical and economic reasons, composite-layer materials which withstand the mechanical and corrosive conditions are employed. The special-purpose metals, titanium, tantalum, and zirconium exhibit high resistance to corrosion by many aggressive media, even at high pressure and temperature; these properties are not achieved by any of the conventional corrosion-resistant materials under the same conditions. The object of the research work was to develop a basis for producing claddings of titanium, tantalum, and zirconium by weld surfacing on a base metal of different composition with the application of the PHS method. Within the scope of the present project, single-layer claddings were applied by PHS weld surfacing with the use of titanium, tantalum, and zirconium of high purity as cladding materials on intermediate layers of nickel and copper, or alloys of these plasma hot wire weld surfacing, titanium, tantalum, zirconium, dilution, intermetallic phases, bonding, ductility elements. Boiler plate HI1 was employed as substrate for the three-layer composite materials. The titanium claddings thus applied have been thoroughly examined by metallographic techniques, layer analysis, and corrosion chemistry. The results indicate the possibility of producing corrosion-resistant claddings of titanium by the PHS method, provided that the welding process is shielded against contamination by atmospheric gases, and the formation of undesirable reaction products in the bonding zone between the base metal and filler material is minimized by means of an intermediate layer. The corrosion resistance of the surface-welded titanium claddings on an intermediate nickel layer coincides extensively with that of the reference material. On the basis of the corrosion analyses, the surface-welded titanium cladding on an intermediate copper layer is not resistant to corrosion. The results of weld surfacing with titanium have been applied to heterogeneous PHS weld surfacing with the special purpose metals tantalum and zirconium. In principle, metallographic examinations verify the possibility of producing a flawless bond between a cladding of zirconium and an intermediate nickel layer. In comparison with the filler material, Zr 702, however, the zirconium claddings applied by PHS weld surfacing exhibit a considerably greater hardness and low ductility. Because of the large difference between the melting points of tantalum and the substrate material, claddings of this kind cannot be reproducibly manufactured with sufficient quality by the PHS method, since the necessary parameters are at the extreme limit of the feasible range as far as the heat transfer is concerned.     

Corrosion Behaviors of Pure Titanium and Its Weldment in Simulated Desulfurized Flue Gas Condensates in Thermal Power Plant Chimney

The corrosion behaviors of pure titanium and its weldment welded by tungsten inert gas(TIG) welding in simulated desulfurized flue gas condensates in thermal power plant chimney were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and immersion tests.The effects of heat input and shielding gases on the corrosion behavior of the welded titanium were also studied.Grain coarsening and Widmansta¨tten structure were found in both the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone.The welded titanium exhibited active–passive behavior in the simulated condensates.Both the polarization curves and EIS measurements confirmed that TIG welding process with different parameters had few effects on the corrosion behavior.It was proved that the microstructure changes were not the key material factors affecting the corrosion behavior of pure titanium under the test conditions,while the oxide film had remarkable effect on improving the corrosion resistance.     

Vacuum- Plasma- Sprayed titanium- manganese electrode layers for MnO2 deposition

Vacuum-plasma-sprayed titanium-manganese alloy electrode layers are intended to improve the economy and efficiency of the synthesis of electrolytic manganese dioxide, which is commercially used as cathodic material in primary batteries. Titanium anodes with a high content of manganese offer high electrochemical activity and corrosion resistance, but poor mechanical stability. Therefore, dense and well-bonded coatings of this brittle alloy were vacuum plasma sprayed onto ductile substrates using commercially pure titanium and manganese powder mixtures as well as mechanically alloyed powders. The mechanically alloyed powders, fabricated in a planetary ball mill, are suitable for the plasma spray process. The microstructure and electrochemical properties of the anode coatings produced by these two methods are discussed. Results are compared to commercially pure titanium anodes.     

Densification of plasma-sprayed titanium and tantalum coatings

Thermal spraying of corrosion- resistant coatings of titanium and tantalum is difficult; dense coatings are not produced, and oxidation of these metals increases coating porosity. In this study, oxidation during plasma spraying was reduced with a shrouding system. Porosity and oxide content also were minimized by optimizing the spraying parameters. After optimization, the coatings still had open porosity and thus were incapable of protecting the substrate material against corrosion in water solutions containing 3 % NaCl. Therefore, posttreatments for improvement of corrosion resistance were studied. Electron beam fusion produced corrosion resistance equal to or better than that of bulk commercial samples of titanium and tantalum.     

Characterization of the surface layers formed on titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation

This paper is concerned with the surface modification of titanium by the PEO method (plasma electrolytic oxidation) in the solutions which contain Ca, P, Si and Na. The chemical composition of the thus formed surface layers was examined by XPS and EDS. The morphology of the surface was observed by SEM. The phase composition was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adhesive strength of the oxide layers was evaluated by the scratch-test. The corrosion resistance was determined in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at a temperature of 37 °C by electrochemical methods for various exposure times.The oxide layers obtained were porous and enriched with Ca, P, Si and Na and their properties depended on the electrolyte solution and the parameters of the oxidation process. The results of the electrochemical examinations show that the surface modification by PEO does not worsen the corrosion resistance of titanium after a 13 h exposure in SBF. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate that the surface layers have a complex structure and that their electric properties undergo changes during long-term exposures in SBF.     

船用钛合金微弧氧化膜的性能及其研究进展

钛合金密度小、比强度高、可加工性好及耐海水腐蚀性强,是一种优秀的船舶材料.然而钛合金较低的耐磨性能、耐高温氧化性能及其对异种金属的电偶腐蚀等制约了其在船舶中实际应用.通过微弧氧化在钛合金表面原位生长氧化物陶瓷层,可显著改善钛合金的以上性能.文中综述了国内外船用钛合金微弧氧化研究进展及微弧氧化对钛合金的耐磨性、耐蚀性、结合强度及抗高温氧化性能的研究现状,展望了微弧氧化技术改善船用钛合金表面性能的发展趋势.     

纯钛表面Zr-N等离子合金化(英文)

为了改善纯钛的表面性能,利用等离子表面合金化技术在纯钛表面形成Zr-N改性层。对Zr-N改性层的微结构、成分及硬度进行测试,并对改性层形成及表面硬度提高的机理进行分析。利用球-盘磨损试验对表面改性纯钛的摩擦学性能进行研究。结果表明,在纯钛表面形成了均匀致密的Zr-N改性层,改性层由表面Zr-N化合物层和基体内Zr、N的扩散层构成。Zr-N表面改性层显著提高了纯钛的表面硬度,表层的最高硬度约为HK1040。Zr-N表面改性层没有减摩效果,但明显改善了纯钛的磨损性能。     

Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Palladized by Electro-Sparking with Subsequent Anodic Plasma-Heating in Aqueous Electrolyte

The effect of anodic heating in electrolytic plasma (AHEP) on the corrosion and electrochemical behavior of titanium with electro-spark palladium coatings in 10–40% H₂SO₄ solutions at 100°C is studied. It is shown that the treatment by the AHEP method enhances the corrosion resistance of palladized titanium by more than one exponent. This is due to the formation of palladium-containing oxide–carbide layers.