固溶温度对VAR制备传感器用Ti-6Ni-3Mo-1Sn合金组织和力学性能的影响

对真空自耗电极电弧熔炼制备的传感器用Ti-6Ni-3Mo-1Sn合金进行热处理,先经过不同温度的固溶处理在经过500℃时效处理4 h,通过实验测试手段研究固溶温度对固溶态和时效态合金组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:固溶温度700℃时,在固溶态合金晶粒中产生了大量初生α相。随着固溶温度增加,形成了更大的β晶粒。以更高温度处理后固溶态合金获得更大拉伸强度以及屈服强度,而伸长率表现为先升高再减小。经过时效处理的时效态合金晶粒中产生了许多弥散态的细小α相。以700℃固溶处理后,形成了初生α相,在残余β相内产生更多β稳定元素。随着固溶温度增加,时效态Ti-6Ni-3Mo-1Sn合金的拉伸强度,屈服强度及伸长率均表现出先增加后减小,最大值发生在固溶温度700℃时,分别为1268,1192 MPa, 5.62%。在低于700℃固溶时效处理后的试样断口区域形成许多尺寸差异较大微孔,呈现脆性断裂特点。     

铸态和T6热处理Al-Si-Cu-Ni-Ce-Cr铸造耐热铝合金的组织和力学性能

使用OM、SEM观察、XRD物相分析和拉伸性能测试等手段研究了铸态、固溶态和时效Al-Si-Cu-Ni-Ce-Cr铸造耐热铝合金的组织和力学性能。结果表明:对Al-Si-Cu-Ni-Ce-Cr合金进行490℃×2 h+520℃×2 h双步固溶处理,不仅使θ-Al2Cu相完全固溶进基体中,还使更多的γ-Al7Cu4Ni相和δ-Al3CuNi相充分固溶进基体中,实现了更好的固溶效果;经过490℃×2 h+520℃×2 h和185℃×6 h热处理后,Al-Si-Cu-Ni-Ce-Cr合金的室温抗拉强度为336.8 MPa、高温(300℃)抗拉强度为153.3 MPa,比铸态分别提高了74%和19.3%。     

Mg-Y-Nd-Zr-Zn 铸造镁合金组织与性能研究

目的研究Mg-Y-Nd-Zr-Zn镁合金的显微组织演变和力学性能。方法采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)以及电子万能实验机等,研究了Mg-Y-Nd-Zr-Zn镁合金铸态及T6态的组织和性能。结果 Mg-Y-Nd-Zr-Zn铸态合金组织由含Y的镁基固溶体、网状富稀土的共晶相和颗粒状的Zr单质组成;经525℃×10 h+200℃×16 h处理后,晶界网状第二相消失,细小的Mg-RE金属间化合物从基体中析出,弥散分布于晶界及晶内。结论 T6处理后,Mg-Y-Nd-Zr-Zn合金力学性能显著提高,抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂伸长率分别为306 MPa,230 MPa和3.5%。     

7050铝合金锻件固溶处理工艺优化研究

目的 研究不同固溶温度和固溶保温时间对航空某锻件7050铝合金组织和性能演变规律的影响,优化7050铝合金锻件的固溶热处理工艺参数.方法 通过采用金相组织观察、SEM分析、EBSD测试、导电率测试、室温拉伸性能测试等方法,对比研究合金组织变化如何影响力学性能.结果 随着固溶温度的升高(474～483℃),合金再结晶分数逐渐升高,峰值时效处理后,合金抗拉强度先升高后降低;固溶保温时间(2～5 h)对合金组织与拉伸性能的影响不明显;最优热处理工艺为477℃×4 h固溶处理,而后进行121℃×6 h+177℃×5 h双级时效.热处理后的力学性能:屈服强度为510 MPa,抗拉强度为558 MPa,伸长率为13.6％,电导率为22.7 MS/m.结论 与固溶时间相比,固溶温度对7050铝合金组织和拉伸性能的影响较大,对合理选择航空用7050铝合金锻件的热处理工艺具有指导意义.     

固溶温度对Mg-2Gd-2Zn轧制板材显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计和力学试验机研究了400℃、430℃、460℃、490℃和520℃不同固溶温度对轧制态Mg-2Gd-2Zn合金板材组织结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当温度不高于490℃时,晶粒尺寸随固溶温度升高几乎呈线性增长趋势。第二相颗粒也随固溶温度升高总体呈减少趋势。但在490℃固溶温度下,第二相反而增加,且呈细小弥散分布。此时显微硬度达最大值,为77.88HV,固溶时效强化效果显著。XRD分析结果表明,当固溶温度从430℃升高到490℃时,第二相主要由MgZn_2和GdZn_5的初生相转变为MgZn_2和GdZn的沉淀相。490℃固溶处理下合金板材沿RD、TD和45°方向的抗拉强度均达到最大值,分别为262 MPa、244 MPa和254 MPa;断裂伸长率略有降低,分别为34%、31%和39%,但塑性各向异性降低。     

ZL114A合金冷态焊接微观组织与力学性能

采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、金相显微镜、维氏硬度仪与WDW-100KN万能拉伸试验机研究ZL114A合金冷态焊接后的微观组织与力学性能,结合SYSWELD有限元仿真计算冷态焊接过程中的温度场分布。结果表明:ZL114A板片试样在20V,24A冷态焊接参数下,最大熔池直径为6mm,焊接峰值温度约为512℃;常规T6态平均抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率与硬度分别为334,276MPa,7.4%与68HV,经ZL114A冷态焊接处理后分别为156,108MPa,12.8%与60HV,强度分别降低53.3%与60.9%,伸长率提高72.9%,选用ZL205A冷态焊接与本体加工4mm圆孔性能基本相当,平均抗拉强度、屈服强度与伸长率约为232,218MPa与3.8%;T6态下沿晶界分布的初生与二元共晶Si相形貌主要呈球状,断裂机制以韧窝断裂为主,附带一定数量的沿晶断裂,经冷态焊接处理后的材料组织状态由T6态转变为固溶空冷态,ZL114A冷态焊接后沿晶界分布的Si相受焊接高温作用团聚在一起,Mg与Si元素叠加分布在晶界区域,Cu,V,Mn等元素在焊接加热过程中固溶进入初生α-Al基体内部,之后沿晶界析出部分Al2Cu强化相。     

AZ81镁合金挤压组织和性能研究

对AZ81镁舍金铸锭进行(390±10)℃×15h的固溶处理后,在400℃进行挤压,挤压比为32∶1,研究其组织和力学性能.结果表明,挤压AZ81镁合金具有较细的晶粒组织,第二相Mg17Al12被破碎,其分布变得弥散,个别呈流线分布;挤压AZ81镁合金比铸造AZ81镁合金的力学性能有较大提高,其屈服强度为221.6MPa,抗拉强度为311.5MPa,伸长率为14.2%.其挤压态断口表现出明显的塑性断裂特征.     

铸态镁合金组织和力学性能研究

对Mg-5．0Y-3．0Nd-0．5Zr镁合金进行熔铸和不同温度的均匀化退火。测试该合金的室温拉伸力学性能。并采用金相显微镜,扫描电镜等方法观察铸态和均匀化退火态组织。结果表明,添加稀土元素能使镁合金的铸态组织得到细化,Nd和Y分别以Mg4、Nd3和Mg24Y化合物形式存在,均匀化退火后,试验合金抗拉强度和伸长率得到提高．其中450℃的均匀化退火效果最好,合金的抗拉强度比铸态时的提高了18．6％,塑性提高了3．5％。     

固溶温度对亚稳β钛合金Ti-4Mo-6Cr-3Al-2Sn的组织和拉伸性能的影响

对自主设计的新型亚稳β钛合金Ti-4Mo-6Cr-3Al-2Sn(%,质量分数)在不同温度进行固溶和固溶时效处理,观察其显微组织和测试室温拉伸性能。结果表明：随着固溶温度的提高固溶态组织中的初生α相减少,当固溶温度高于相变点后初生α相完全消失,几乎全部为明显长大的粗大β晶粒。固溶温度为900℃的固溶态合金具有良好的强度和塑性匹配,屈服强度为898.7 MPa、抗拉强度为962.5 MPa、断裂伸长率为12.7%。在不同温度固溶处理的时效态合金,均析出了细小的次生α相。固溶温度低于相变点时,在初生α相间析出的细小次生α相呈60°或者平行交错排列;固溶温度高于相变点时初生α相几乎完全消失,随着固溶温度的提高析出的次生α相片层间距变大并粗化。在所有固溶温度下,时效态组织中沿原始β晶界处均析出了连续的晶界α相,合金的塑性均较差。经过750℃/0.5 h固溶和500℃/4 h时效的合金具有良好的强度和塑性匹配,其抗拉强度为1282 MPa,屈服强度为1210.6 MPa,断裂伸长率为5.3%。     

均匀化处理对Mg-13Gd-3.5Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

对Mg-13Gd-3.5Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金铸锭进行均匀化处理,温度为505～525℃,时间为4～24h,并采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和万能材料试验机等检测手段分析均匀化处理前后合金微观组织和力学性能的变化。结果表明:均匀化处理后,原始组织中网状分布共晶化合物转化成晶界处不连续分布的块状LPSO相,离散分布的方块状富稀土相溶解。力学性能测试显示,铸态镁合金的抗拉强度为172.9MPa,伸长率为1.8%,经过均匀化处理后合金的力学性能得到提高,在515℃/16h均匀化制度下,合金室温抗拉强度为212.3MPa,伸长率为3.1%;在200℃下抗拉强度为237.2MPa,伸长率为9.7%,性能达到最佳。断口扫描显示,铸态合金是以撕裂棱与解理台阶为主的解理脆性断裂,均匀化处理后的合金中出现小而浅的韧窝,但仍然是以解理台阶为主的准解理断裂,塑性提高有限,长程有序相可成为裂纹的萌生源。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.