三氧化硫磺化技术的最新进展

介绍近几年来大型磺化反应器和磺化装置的国产化及原有磺化装置的技术改造,α-烯基磺酸盐(AOS)部分取代烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS)及AOS生产技术,并概述了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES)的产品开发、磺化产品的活性物干燥,以及其他磺化产品的开发等。分析了国内现有的磺化技术水平已与国际水平相近,建议尽可能利用国内技术实现磺化装置国产化和磺化新产品的开发。     

三氧化硫磺化技术在国家科技攻关项目中的回顾和展望

介绍了国家科技攻关项目中有关三氧化硫磺化技术的情况,如多管膜式磺化反应器及磺化装置的国产化、计算机技术在三氧化硫磺化中的应用、AOS和MES的新产品开发和石油磺酸盐的研制及其在三次采油中的应用等。介绍了国家“七·五”攻关项目以来有关三氧化硫磺化技术及其发展情况。     

我国三氧化硫磺化技术的发展概况

介绍了我国SO3磺化和硫酸化的生产技术发展概况,指出了国内SO3磺化技术的发展水平已接近世界先进水平,逐步形成了磺化和硫酸化产品的专业生产企业,并向大型化和集团化发展。通过不断地研发新产品,已使磺化产品从单一生产烷基苯磺酸与洗衣粉生产装置配套到生产各类磺化和硫酸化产品以满足日化和洗涤剂行业的需要。目前SO3磺化技术的发展正进行脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐（MES）产业化开发,同时也在进行油脂磺化、石油磺化等工业用产品磺化的研究和开发工作。     

我国三氧化硫磺化技术的最新进展

介绍了我国SO3磺化技术的发展过程、现状及未来发展趋势。由于国产大型磺化反应器的成功研制促使了我国SO3磺化装置向大型化发展,磺化与硫酸化产品的市场化又促使磺化产品生产企业向规模化和集团化变化。今后磺化产品市场的竞争将更趋激烈,磺化与硫酸化新产品尚待进一步开发。     

功能模块型磺化产品的制造技术及发展前景

分析了国内SO3磺化装置和产品的现状，认为传统磺化产品(磺酸、AS、AES和AOS)的利润空间将逐渐降低，生产的集约化程度将进一步提高。介绍了功能模块型磺化产品的组成设计、制造技术，并展望其市场前景。     

功能模块型磺化产品的制造技术/发展前景

分析了国内SO3磺化装置和产品的现状,认为传统磺化产品(磺酸、AS、AES和AOS)的利润空间将逐渐降低,生产的集约化程度将进一步提高.介绍了功能模块型磺化产品的组成设计、制造技术,并展望其市场前景.     

分析我国三氧化硫磺化技术的近期发展

本文首先对三氧化硫磺化技术的发展历程进行回顾,然后分别从磺化反应器和磺化装置的国产化、原有磺化装置的改造、AOS生产披术、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐的产品开发等方面叙述了三氧化硫磺化技术在近期的发展状况以及对未米发展的展望。     

磺化技术及产品开发趋势

综述了磺化工艺技术及产品开发的国内外现状与发展趋势,认为磺化工艺及工程技术将出现严重的两极分化,一方面,传统型磺化产品(如LAS、AES、AS、AOS)的生产规模将进一步大型化、集约化、专业化,相应地要求SO3气体膜式磺化反应器的单台生产能力进一步增大,整套生产装置的自控水平进一步提高;另一方面,小批量、功能型磺化产品需求的旺盛促进了多种形式的磺化反应器及多种磺化工艺技术的开发。     

常规SO3磺化类表面活性剂现状及发展趋势

介绍了几类常规SO₃磺化类表面活性剂的现状。重点阐述了国内烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS)、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐(AES)、烯基磺酸盐(AOS)和脂肪醇硫酸盐(AS)几类常规磺化产品产销量情况以及发展趋势。     

国产磺化装置大型化的新突破

中轻物产化工有限公司继2003年首先成功地研发了3.8t·h^-1国产磺化装置及技术之后,又于2006年率先研发了5t·h^-1国产磺化装置及技术,装置于2006年10月7日一次投料试车成功,取得国产大型化磺化装置及技术的新突破。该装置可生产LAS、K12、AES和AOS等产品,产品质量优秀,达到和超过国标优等水平。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。