薄板坯连铸连轧工艺生产的低碳钢冷轧基板力学特性

以采用薄板坯连铸连轧工艺生产的低碳钢作为冷轧基板,在实验室二辊可逆轧机上进行不同程度的冷变形,对不同变形后的冷轧板进行室温拉伸试验和显微硬度值测定,分析了其加工硬化情况,并对不同冷变形后试验钢的显微组织进行分析。结果表明:低碳钢经冷变形后,屈服强度和抗拉强度增大,加工硬化显著;试验钢的显微组织为铁素体和少量的珠光体,晶粒随着变形量的增大而拉长细化。     

管线钢控轧控冷组织与性能

研究超低碳管线钢控轧控冷显微组织及力学性能。对管线钢进行实验室控轧控冷,对轧后试样进行力学性能测试,用扫描电镜和透射电镜对显微组织进行观察。试验结果表明,采用制定的控轧控冷工艺轧制后的试验钢有较好的强度和优异的低温韧性。钢轧后显微组织主要由针状铁素体和粒贝组成;在铁素体板条的内部和品界处存在缠结、塞积、高密度的位错,显著提高了钢材的强韧性。     

Effects of Mn on Microstructures and Properties of Hot Rolled Low Carbon Bainitic Steels

Two kinds of Mn-Si-Mo low carbon steels were designed to study the effects of Mn on the microstructures and properties of hot rolled low carbon bainitic steels.To reduce the production cost,a very low Mo content of 0.13%was added in both steels.After hot rolling,the mechanical properties of samples were tested.Microstructure was observed and analyzed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope.The results show that the strength of tested steels increases with the increase in Mn content,while the elongation decreases.When Mn content increases,the bainite microstructure increases.The results can provide a theoretical basis for composition design and industrial production of low cost low carbon bainitic steels.     

宽厚复合板热轧成形轧制力模型

为了有效提高宽厚复合板热轧成形质量,以不锈钢与低合金钢层状复合结构材料为研究对象,针对宽厚复合板结构复合及加工协同变形的技术要求,制定宽厚复合板热轧成形工艺路线,并对热轧宽厚不锈钢复合板成形轧制力模型进行研究.将热轧复合变形区分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个区段,并依据热轧过程中轧制区间内金属流动变形规律,确定各界面上摩擦切应力τ的方向,进而推导出热轧不锈钢复合板成形轧制力计算公式.研究结果表明:该轧制力模型可准确预测轧制力的大小,有效提高轧制力的计算精度.经轧制成形制造的不锈钢复合板满足设计技术要求,制定工艺路线合理,可用以指导生产实践.     

Optimization of RPC technique for refining the intermediate transformation microstructure

The influence of processing parameters of relaxation-precipitation-controlling phase transformation(RPC) technique,finish rolling temperature,reduction ration and relaxing time on the microstructure was studied by thermo-simulation for a low carbon Nb and Ti containing micro-alloyed steel.The microstructure was investigated by optical microscope,transmission electron microscope and electron back scatter diffraction(EBSD).The statistical results of the packet size were calculated.It shows that,after PRC procesas,the steel is a composite microstructure of bainite and matensite.The best thermo-simulation process for refinement in this experiment is deformation for 30% at 850℃,and then relaxing at this temperature for 60s to 200s,Increasing the reduction ratio from 30%to 60% or decreasing the deformation temperature to 800℃ would cause the best relaxation time to become shorter,increasing the deformation temperature to 900℃ would cause the refinement effect to be weak.     

Controlled Rolling and Cooling Process for Low Carbon Cold Forging Steel

Effect of controlled rolling and cooling process on the mechanical properties of low carbon cold forging steel was investigated for different processing parameters of a laboratory hot rolling mill. The results show that the specimens with fast cooling after hot rolling exhibit very good mechanical properties, and the improvement of the mechanical properties can be attributed mainly to the ferrite-grain refinement. The mechanical properties increase with decreasing final cooling temperature within the range ...     

Controlled rolling and cooling process for low carbon cold forging steel

Effect of controlled rolling and cooling process on the mechanical properties of low carbon cold forging steel was investigated for different processing parameters of a laboratory hot rolling mill. The results show that the specimens with fast cooling after hot rolling exhibit very good mechanical properties, and the improvement of the mechanical properties can be attributed mainly to the ferrite-grain refinement. The mechanical properties increase with decreasing final cooling temperature within the range from 670 °C to 570 °C due to the finer interlamellar spacing of pearlite colony. The specimen with fast cooling after low temperature rolling shows the highest values of the mechanical properties. The effect of the ferrite grain size on the mechanical properties was greater than that of pearlite morphology in the present study. The mechanical properties of specimens by controlled rolling and cooling process without thermal treatment were greatly superior to that of the same specimens by the conventional rolling, and their tensile strength reached 490 MPa grade even in the case of low temperature rolling without controlled rolling. It might be expected to realize the substitution medium-carbon by low-carbon for 490 MPa grade cold forging steel with controlled rolling and cooling process.     

Process Modeling and Control Simulation for a 500W@4.5K Helium Refrigerator

In order to investigate dynamic behaviors of a 500W@ 4.5K helium refrigerator,the process simulator has been completed. The cryogenic process model is described and main components are customized. The realtime communication between the process model and the control system has been achieved. Compared with the preliminary experimental data,the errors of temperatures during the process of 300 K-80 K are less than 10%.The process model is validated to predict the cool-down process very well. The controller parameters are tuned in simulation and applied to the actual refrigerator suitably. Based on the dynamic simulation,the operation of Joule-Thomson( JT) by pass valve has been optimized. And the cool- down process from 300 K to 4. 5 K has been simulated under the control programs. Simulation results indicate that this dynamic simulator based on actual control architecture is available to process control and operation optimization for the helium refrigerators.     

Effect of Nb on the Microstructure and Properties of Cold Rolled and Annealed Mo Microalloyed Bainitic Steel

Two kinds of low carbon bainitic steels,Nb-free Mo bearing and Nb + Mo addition steels,were cold rolled and annealed to investigate the effect of micro-alloying element Nb on the microstructure and properties of Mo microalloyed low carbon high strength bainitic steel. No precipitates were observed in Nb-free Mo bearing steel,whereas,two types of precipitates,i.e.,Nb( C,N) and composite( Nb,Mo)( C,N),were observed in the Nb + Mo microalloyed steel,resulting in precipitation strengthening. The strength of Mo bearing steel was improved by addition of Nb under the same annealing conditions. The grain size of Nb addition steel was almost the same as Nb-free steel. Unlike the obvious grain refinement and precipitation strengthening in hot rolling,the increase in yield strength of Nb addition steels in cold rolling and annealing mainly results from the precipitation strengthening,while the effect of grain refinement strengthening can be almost ignored.     

Hot deformation behavior of a Cr-containing low carbon steel in the ferrite range

A low carbon steel with Cr addition of 0.46wt% combined with trace elements of Mn and Ti was studied.The apparent activation energy of deformation and the hot deformation equation of the steel in the ferritic range were determined by means of single hot compression tests.The hot-rolled strip of 3 mm in thickness rolled in the ferritic range was obtained using a laboratory hot rolling mill.The mechanical properties show that the values of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are 230 and 330 MPa,respe...     

Effect of cooling parameters on the microstructure and properties of Mobearing and Cr-bearing steels

To develop low-cost low carbon bainitic steel,Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steels were melted in a vacuum induction furnace and were researched by thermal simulation and hot rolling at the laboratory.As the cooling rate increases from 0.2 to 50℃/s,the transformation temperatures of two steels lie between 650 and 400℃,and the final microstructures of them change from quasi-polygonal ferrite and granular bainite to lath bainite.Compared with cooling in air or by interrupted cooling,Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steel plates cooled by sprayed water boast higher strength and superior toughness,for large-size islands are responsible for the poor mechanical properties.Compared to Mo,Cr is effective to isolate the bainitic reaction in low carbon steel,and the bainitic microstructure can also be obtained in Cr-bearing steel cooled at a wide range of cooling rate.     

Ultra-fine ferrite grains obtained in the TSDR process

By careful design of rolling schedule,ultra-fine （～2μm） ferrite grains in a low carbon high niobium （0.09wt%Nb） microalloying steel with average austenite grain sizes above 800 μm can be achieved in the simulated thin slab direct rolling process. The 5-pass deformation was divided into two stages： the refinement of austenite through complete recrystallization and the refinement of ferrite through dynamic strain-induced transformation. The effects of Nb in solution and strain-induced NbCN precipitates on the ferrite transformation were also extensively discussed.     

原始组织对25MnV钢“零保温”淬火后组织性能的影响

采用正交组合回归设计试验方法,分别以淬火和热轧为预处理工艺,研究了不同原始组织条件下25MnV钢“零保温”淬火后的强度和硬度,并进行了组织分析.试验表明,经2次淬火,该钢得到极细的板条状马氏体组织,具有很高的强硬性,其性能优于热轧态“零保温”淬火.在较低温度“零保温”淬火时,原始组织对25MnV钢的强硬性影响显著,随淬火温度升高,其影响逐步减弱.通过低温“零保温”奥氏体逆相变淬火,可显著提高该钢的力学性能.     

Z字钢在蝶式孔型中金属流动的数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS／LS-DYNA，对310Z字钢在蝶式孔中的四道次成形过程进行了模拟，详细介绍了有限元模型的建立，材料模型的选择，单元的选择以及网格的划分，得到了各道次轧件的模拟变形结果，对轧件的变形和轧制区内应力场的分布进行了深入的分析，为轧制异型断面型钢的显式动力学有限元模拟提供了参考．     

轧制及退火工艺对301B不锈弹簧钢力学性能影响分析

针对高硬不锈钢用作弹簧时弹性不足、疲劳寿命短等问题,本文结合现场实际生产,以301B奥氏体不锈钢带为研究对象,通过轧制工艺和热处理工艺优化,对其进行了拉伸试验和硬度测试。结果表明,增加变形率,采用低轧制油温度和低轧制速度的轧制工艺,并在冷轧后进行一次400℃低温去应力退火,可以提高带材强度和硬度。同时也说明,适当的轧制工艺和热处理工艺可以改善不锈弹簧钢带的力学性能,从而提高弹簧的弹性极限和疲劳极限。     

Influence of hot rolling conditions on the mechanical properties of hot rolled TRIP steel

Influence of hot rolling conditions on the mechanical properties of hot rolled TRIP steel was investigated. Thermomechanical control processing （TMCP） was conducted by using a laboratory hot rolling mill, in which three different kinds of finish rolling temperatures were applied. The results show that polygonal ferrite, granular bainite and larger amount of stabilized retained austenite can be obtained by controlled rolling processes. The finer ferrite grain size is produced through the deformation induced transformation during deformation rather than after deformation, which affects the mechanical properties of hot rolled TRIP steel. Mechanical properties increase with decreasing finish rolling temperature due to the stabilization of retained austenite. Ultimate tensile strength （UTS）, total elongation （TEL） and the product of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation （UTS×TEL） reaches optimal values （791 MPa, 36% and 28 476 MPa%, respectively） when the specimen was hot rolled for 50% reduction at finish rolling temperature of 700 ℃.     

Deformation behavior of ultra-low carbon steel in ferrite region during warm processing

The hot deformation experiments of ultra-low carbon steel in ferrite range were carried out in a hot simulator in order to research hot deformation behaviors of ultra-low carbon steel in ferrite range at low temperature. The results show that the influences of deformation parameters on flow stress are different to those in austenitic deformation. The deformation characteristic parameters were calculated for ultra-low carbon steel in ferrite region. The flow stress equation for ultra-low carbon steel in ferritic deformation at low temperature was obtained.     

Effect of deformation and cooling rate on the transformation behavior and microstructure of X70 steels

The effects of the deformation in the non-recrystallization region of austenite and the cooling rate on the transformation behavior and microstructure of low-carbon low-alloy steel for pipeline application were studied on the thermal-mechanical simulator Gleeble-1500. It was shown that an increase in deformation amount can greatly increase the nucleation site of ferrite when deformed in the non-recrystallization region of austenite, and an increase in nucleation ratio can greatly refine grains. When the cooling rate is accelerated, the driving force of nucleation is increased and the nucleation rate also improves. Ultra-refine grains can be obtained by controlled rolling. The high density of ferrite nucleus, which forms along the austenite grain boundary, twin interface, and deforma- tion band are introduced in the matrix of austenite by the control of hot rolling, after which the microstructure can be refined. It was found that the acicular ferrite has a very fine sub-structure, high dislocation density, and a thin slab with ultra-fine grains. Small M/A islands and cementite are precipitated on the matrix of the slabs by the analysis technique of TEM and SEM.     

82B高碳钢热变形行为研究

采用单道次热压缩实验方法,在Thermomaster-Z型热模拟试验机上模拟高碳钢高速线材热轧变形过程动态再结晶行为,测定82B高碳钢在变形温度为800～1 100℃、变形速率为0.1～50 s-1、变形程度为0～0.60条件下的真应力-应变曲线,利用曲线特征值确定高应变速率下的变形激活能,根据实验结果分析动态再结晶变形条件,建立动态再结晶状态图。     

Effects of Thermal Compressive Strain on the Orientation Recovery for Ultra-Thin CNT-Filled Polypropylene Molding

热压应变对超薄CNT填充的聚丙烯成型取向度回复的影响

李永喆¹,吴海宏¹,郭子月²,刘春太³,申长雨³

（1. 河南工业大学 机电工程学院,郑州 450001;2.中山大学 数学学院（珠海）,珠海 519082;3.郑州大学 橡塑模具国家工程研究中心,郑州 450002）

创新点说明：

1）超薄注塑成型方式,由于其壁厚小,流动剪切应力大,表面厚度方向从表面到内芯的明显取向结构,这增加了机械性能的各向异性,特别是纳米复合材料的成型。超薄注射成型的CNT填充聚丙烯（PP）总是沿着流动方向形成强的CNT取向,导致各向异性导电。

2）利用改性热压机加工成型,在大的热应力作用下,轧制方向的变形阻力大于横向变形。样品主要在横向上变形,而不是在轧制方向上延伸。

研究目的：

用改性热压机在不同热压应变条件下加工成型,在交变载荷作用下,这样可改善加速取向结构的回复并可降低导电性的各向异性。

研究方法：

将配置好的CNT-PP添加到设置好温度的转速双螺杆挤出机料斗,让成型后的制品在改进的辊压机中轧制成型。然后通过SEM和2D-WAXD观察轧制过程中微观组织的散乱方向;用公式计算CNT的取向度;使用标准的两端直流电阻测量样品的电导率。

结果：

超薄注塑后的CNT-PP经改进的滚压机滚压后导电趋于各向同性,导电稳定性更加良好;经SEM观察后取向结构得到改善。

结论：

在交替载荷作用下,轧制变形过程增加了CNT填充的PP复合材料的力学性能的稳定性,并改善了导电性能。

关键词：超薄注塑成型;纳米复合材料;取向度回复;导电稳定性