工艺参数对日用陶瓷镁质无光白釉的影响

以长石、方解石、高岭土、烧滑石、石英为原料制备镁质无光白釉,研究了烧成温度、保温时间、球磨时间、冷却速率以及烧成气氛等工艺参数对釉面白度、光泽度的影响。实验结果表明:当配方组成为35.7wt.%钾长石、30.4wt.%烧滑石、8.0wt.%高岭土、15.2wt.%石英、10.7wt.%方解石,并以球磨3 min、氧化气氛烧成1300℃、保温20 min、正常冷却速率工艺参数制备出白度78.5%、光泽度6.0%釉面细腻的日用陶瓷镁质无光白釉。     

SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3-CaO-ZnO-KNaO-F2系统无铅低温透明釉的研制

以B2O3 、CaO、ZnO、KNaO、CaF2为熔剂制备在1120℃左右烧成的无铅透明釉.探究了釉组成中CaO、CaF2、B2O3、Al2O3含量对釉面光泽度、透明度等的影响.结果表明,提高釉中CaO、A12O3含量可以抑制分相,提高釉的透明度,但会产生气泡降低釉的光泽度,用适量CaF2取代CaO可以解决这个问题.制备的透明釉釉面光泽度达102.9,釉面显微硬度、热稳定性能够达到日用陶瓷的标准要求.     

分相乳浊釉的制备

以长石、石英、粘土、烧滑石、轻质碳酸钙、氧化锌、合成磷酸钙、萤石、硅酸锆等为原料,采用正交试验法制备一种在1270℃的温度下烧成的分相乳浊釉。探讨了组成对乳浊釉釉面质量的影响。采用XRD、TEM、显微硬度计以及色度计等测试手段对试样进行测试表征。结果表明,当烧成为1270℃时,其釉面白度、光泽度分别为83.6、103。通过对釉层的物相、显微结构分析可知,所制备的乳浊釉中形成了大量的、液滴大小在0.1~0.2μm、分布均匀的分相结构;同时存在硅酸锆晶体。乳浊釉的显微硬度为848.9 kg/mm~2。     

天然硼钙石质低温生料透明釉的研制

以天然矿物硼钙石、钾长石、龙岩高岭、萍乡石英、广西滑石和ZnO、BaCO3为原料,采用普通陶瓷工艺,制备了透明度好,光泽度高且性能稳定的低温无铅无熔块生料透明釉。通过研究烧成温度对釉面性能的影响,得出了釉的最佳烧成温度为1100℃,保温30min。同时,研究了硼钙石含量对釉面性能的影响,发现随着硼钙石含量的增多,釉面析出白色晶体。当加入的硼钙石所对应的B2O3含量为0.1634mol时,此时获得的无铅无熔块生料透明釉透明度最高。     

建筑陶瓷仿古砖用亚光釉的试制

利用本地原料和钾长石、钠长石、氧化铝等原料制备建筑陶瓷仿古砖用亚光釉。运用单因素法探讨了Al_2O_3/SiO_2比例对釉面效果的影响,烧成制度和工艺条件等对坯釉适应性的影响。当钠长石含量为16%、钾长石含量为19%,氧化铝含量为15%(即Al_2O_3/SiO_2比值为1/6)时,球磨时间在15~20min,生坯釉层厚度控制在0.4mm左右,烧成温度为1 220℃,保温时间为10min时,坯釉适应性最好。该釉面光泽度为28.6,白度为65.8,呈现出较好的亚光效果。     

用于环保陶瓷的低温生料釉的研究

研制了能与以黄河泥沙为主要原料制备的陶瓷节能保温砖坯体相匹配的低温一次烧成生料釉,采用TG-DTA、XRD、SEM等分析了样品性能及微观结构.结果表明最佳配方为B-2-3,其烧成温度为1120℃,釉面硬度为637.3HV,釉层晶相组成为透辉石、钙长石等,乳浊效果好.探讨了影响釉烧成温度的诸因素及釉的乳浊机理.     

一种高遮盖乳浊白釉的应用研究

本文阐述了适用于精细铁炻器的高遮盖乳浊白釉配方、制备工艺及理化性能,分析了釉的结构.结合其工艺,研究了釉层厚度、釉烧温度对釉面质量的影响以及胎体中着色氧化物含量与釉面白度相互关系等诸方面的问题.     

烧成制度与化学组成对分相-析晶乳浊釉的釉面性状的影响

采用DSC、XRD和TEM等测试手段，研究了分相一析晶乳浊熔块在热处理过程中的相变过程，并在此基础上研究了不同的烧成制度对釉面乳浊度的影响。结果发现：缓冷釉样的乳浊效果明显优于急冷釉样；而在晶体完全溶解的温度点保温会减弱釉面乳浊效果。不同组成对釉面光泽度影响的研究表明：引入高折射率的ZnO、CaO和MgO以及添加表面能很低的B2O3和P2O5都可以有效提高釉面光泽度。     

TiO_2对(K,Na)_2O–CaO–Al_2O_3–SiO_2–B_2O_3系分相乳浊釉性能及结构的影响

用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱、光电子能谱、色度仪等测试手段研究TiO_2对(K,Na)_2O–CaO–Al_2O_3–SiO_2–B_2O_3系1 200℃低温快烧分相乳浊釉的釉面光学性能及结构的影响。结果表明:随着TiO_2引入量的增加,釉面白度及光泽度获得显著提高,白度由44.1%增至82.1%,光泽度由34%增至79%,白度越高,釉乳浊性能越好。但当TiO_2引入为6%(质量分数)时,釉面向黄色调偏移。Ti在分相釉玻璃体中主要以Ti4+存在;TiO_2有利于釉玻璃网络结构的转变,提高釉的分相倾向,使分相液滴尺寸及组成产生显著变化,强化了釉层对入射光的散射能力,致使釉面乳浊性能明显提高。烧成过程中釉乳浊性能的形成主要源于烧成过程中釉玻璃体的冷却阶段,尤其是低温阶段(T≤900℃)分相液滴尺寸及组成的变化。     

低温烧成硼分相生料乳浊釉的研制

以高岭土、石英、长石、天然硼钙石、煅烧ZnO等为原料,制备了K_2O-Na_2O-CaO-ZnO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3系统分相生料乳浊釉,在1140℃低温烧成,釉面白度可达85.8。分别研究了Al_2O_3、B_2O_3和ZnO含量对釉料乳浊度的影响,并通过对优化配方进行TEM、EDS及XRD测试分析,研究了其乳浊机理。结果表明,随着Al_2O_3含量降低,B_2O_3含量提高,釉面白度有增高趋势;釉层中均匀分散着大量粒径为100nm左右的球形液滴状乳浊粒子,其与基体之间的较大折射率差是釉面产生较高乳浊的主要因素。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.